阅读说明：本技术 阀 (Valve with a valve body ) 是由 S·O·格鲁尼斯 R·博南诺 J·冯维利希 于 2019-05-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于关闭和开启流动路径的阀(1),所述阀包括：电磁执行器单元(5)；能借助于电磁执行器单元(5)轴向运动的衔铁(8)和与衔铁(8)连接的封闭体(10),其中,封闭体(10)设计为用于关闭和开启流动路径；壳体(2),该壳体至少接纳衔铁(8)和封闭体(10)的第一轴向端部(20),该第一轴向端部与衔铁(8)连接；形成阀座(16)的外壳部件(18),在阀(1)的关闭位置借助于弹簧装置(17)将封闭体(10)的第二轴向端部(22)压靠到该外壳部件上,其中,弹簧装置(17)至少具有能以第一弹簧刚度从阀(1)的完全关闭位置开始压缩到阀(1)的部分打开的中间位置的弹簧(32、34)和能以第二弹簧刚度从阀(1)的部分打开的中间位置开始压缩到阀(1)的完全打开位置的弹簧(32、34),其中,第一弹簧刚度不同于第二弹簧刚度。(The invention relates to a valve (1) for closing and opening a flow path, comprising: an electromagnetic actuator unit (5); an armature (8) which can be moved axially by means of an electromagnetic actuator unit (5), and a closure body (10) which is connected to the armature (8), wherein the closure body (10) is designed to close and open a flow path; a housing (2) which receives at least the armature (8) and a first axial end (20) of the closure body (10), which is connected to the armature (8); a housing part (18) forming a valve seat (16) against which the second axial end (22) of the closing body (10) is pressed in the closed position of the valve (1) by means of a spring device (17), wherein the spring device (17) has at least springs (32, 34) which can be compressed with a first spring rate from a fully closed position of the valve (1) into a partially open intermediate position of the valve (1) and springs (32, 34) which can be compressed with a second spring rate from the partially open intermediate position of the valve (1) into a fully open position of the valve (1), wherein the first spring rate is different from the second spring rate.)

1. A valve (1) for closing and opening a flow path, the valve comprising:

-an electromagnetic actuator unit (5);

an armature (8) which can be moved axially by means of an electromagnetic actuator unit (5), and a closure body (10) which is connected to the armature (8), wherein the closure body (10) is designed to close and open a flow path;

-a housing (2) receiving at least the armature (8) and a first axial end (20) of the closing body (10), which is connected to the armature (8);

-a housing part (18) forming a valve seat (16) against which the second axial end (22) of the closing body (10) is pressed in the closed position of the valve (1) by means of a spring device (17), wherein the spring device (17) has at least a spring (32, 34) which can be compressed with a first spring rate from a fully closed position of the valve (1) to a partially open intermediate position of the valve (1) and a spring (32, 34) which can be compressed with a second spring rate from a partially open intermediate position of the valve (1) to a fully open position of the valve (1), wherein the first spring rate is different from the second spring rate.

2. The valve (1) according to claim 1,

wherein the second spring rate is greater than the first spring rate.

3. The valve (1) according to claim 1 or 2,

wherein the spring device (17) has at least a first spring (32) which can be compressed with a first spring rate and a second spring (34) which can be compressed with a second spring rate.

4. The valve (1) according to claim 3,

wherein the first spring (32) and the second spring (34) are arranged coaxially.

5. The valve (1) according to claim 4,

wherein the second spring (34) has a smaller diameter than the first spring (32).

6. The valve (1) according to any one of claims 3 to 5,

wherein the first spring (32) is supported on the floor (12) of the closure body (10), the second spring (34) is supported on a flange (30) which is located inside the first spring (32) and is arranged concentrically thereto, and a stop (36) is arranged on the floor (12) of the closure body (10), said stop being in contact with the flange (30) during compression of the second spring (34).

7. The valve (1) according to claim 1 or 2,

wherein the spring device (17) comprises a single spring which can be compressed with a first spring rate into an intermediate position of the closing body (10) and can subsequently be compressed with a second spring rate, wherein the first spring rate is smaller than the second spring rate.

8. The valve (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7,

wherein the actuator unit (5) can be actuated to apply a first force F₁Or the second force F₂Is applied to the armature (8), wherein F₁≠F₂。

9. Motor vehicle with a turbocharging device, comprising an intake side with a compressor and a turbine side with a turbine, wherein a bypass line to the compressor is provided on the intake side, wherein a valve (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8 is arranged in the bypass line for opening or closing the bypass line.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a valve for closing and opening a flow path, which can be actuated by means of an electromagnetic actuator unit.

Background

Such valves are used, for example, as air-switching valves in turbochargers in motor vehicles in order to open a bypass to the intake side during freewheeling. In order to prevent the turbine of the turbocharger from being braked too severely at low rotational speeds, but also to ensure a rapid start, a rapid opening and closing process of the valve is sought.

Typically, the valves on the turbocharger are designed as check valves operated by the power plant with the transmission or as slide or piston valves. Diaphragm valves are also widely used. The check valves have the advantage that they allow the valve flap to assume an intermediate position which can be set by means of a corresponding sensor device and which enables a partial opening of the bypass line. However, this requires considerable technical investment.

The advantage of slide or piston valves, on the other hand, is that they are particularly simple and therefore inexpensive to construct and also have good response characteristics. However, they traditionally only allow a fully closed or fully open position.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a valve for closing and opening a flow path which is suitable for use as a circulating air valve on a turbocharger of a motor vehicle and at the same time is simple in construction, works reliably and allows a reliable control of the mass flow in the bypass line.

This object is achieved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous developments emerge from the dependent claims.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a valve for closing and opening a flow path, the valve comprising: an electromagnetic actuator unit; an armature which can be moved axially in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the valve by means of an electromagnetic actuator unit; and a closing body connected to the armature, wherein the closing body is designed to close and open the flow path. Further, the valve includes: a housing receiving at least the armature and a first axial end of the closure, the first axial end being connected to the armature; and a housing part forming a valve seat against which the second axial end of the closing body is pressed in the closed position of the valve by means of a spring device.

The spring means has at least a spring compressible from a fully closed position of the valve to a partially open intermediate position of the valve at a first spring rate and a spring compressible from the partially open intermediate position of the valve to a fully open position of the valve at a second spring rate. The first spring rate is different from the second spring rate.

The spring rate of a spring, also referred to as spring strength, spring stiffness, or spring constant, describes the force acting on the spring in relation to the resulting spring deflection/displacement. It depends on various factors, in particular the material and the type of spring used.

The advantage of this valve is that it achieves in a technically particularly simple manner that the closing body assumes an intermediate position in which the flow path is partially closed, so that a smaller mass flow flows through the bypass line than in the fully open position.

The intermediate position is achieved in that the spring device can be compressed with two different spring rates, wherein in particular the second spring rate is greater than the first spring rate, i.e. the spring, starting from the fully closed position of the valve, can be initially compressed by means of a relatively small first force into a partially open intermediate position and the fully open position of the valve can only be reached if a second force greater than the first force acts on the spring.

Advantageously, the electromagnetic actuator unit can then be actuated in such a way that it first provides a relatively small first force F1 acting on the armature and thus on the spring compressed by the closure body. The first force F1 is thereby dimensioned: it is sufficient to overcome the reaction force exerted by the spring at the first spring rate, but not overcome the reaction force exerted by the spring at the second spring rate. Thus, for the first force F1:

D1·ΔL1≤F1<D2·ΔL2，

where Dl and D2 denote the first or second spring rate, and Δ L1 and Δ L2 denote the displacement of the spring device under the influence of magnetic force, where in particular Δ L1 denotes the displacement of the spring device until the desired intermediate position is reached.

By this manipulation, the closing body is moved only to a partially open intermediate position.

The closure body can be moved from the intermediate position into the fully open position only when a sufficiently large second force F2 is applied, in particular by applying a higher voltage or correspondingly pulse-width modulating the voltage. Here, the magnitude of the larger second force is determined in such a way that: which is sufficient to overcome the force exerted by the spring at the second spring rate.

Therefore, the valve has the following advantages: the intermediate position occupied by the closure is achieved in a particularly simple manner. In this case, technically complex devices, such as sensors, can be dispensed with. The intermediate position is predetermined by selecting the respective spring rate and the electromagnetic actuator unit is actuated accordingly. The different spring rates in this case enable a particularly clear predetermination of the intermediate position and a particularly precise positioning of the closure body.

According to one embodiment, a plurality of springs with different spring rates are used for the spring device. To this end, the spring device has at least a first spring which can be compressed with a first spring rate and a second spring which can be compressed with a second spring rate. In this case, a sudden change/jump in the force required for moving the closure body occurs, since in the first step the first spring must first be compressed until an intermediate position is reached, in which the second spring is not yet compressed but begins to exert a counterforce on the closure body. In order to then open the valve further, a greater force must be applied by the electromagnetic actuator unit, since the higher reaction force of the spring device is now to be overcome.

In particular, the first spring and the second spring can be arranged coaxially and are designed in particular as helical springs arranged symmetrically about the longitudinal axis of the valve. In this arrangement, the two springs can act in parallel between the intermediate position and the fully open position and the restoring forces exerted by them on the closure body are summed. This arrangement has the advantage that it requires little installation space.

Alternatively, two springs or more springs may be connected in series.

In the case of parallel springs, the second spring can in particular have a smaller diameter than the first spring, that is to say be arranged within the first spring. However, the opposite arrangement is also conceivable, wherein the first spring has a smaller diameter than the second spring. Which embodiment is more advantageous depends, for example, on the construction of the enclosure.

According to one embodiment, the first spring is supported on the bottom of the closure body and the second spring is supported on a flange which is located inside the first spring and is arranged concentrically to the first spring, wherein the flange is axially displaceable. A stop, for example in the form of a circumferential or partially circumferential web, is arranged on the bottom of the closure body, said stop contacting the flange during compression of the second spring.

In this particularly simple and compact embodiment, the first spring is compressed when the electromagnetic actuator unit provides the first magnetic force. The intermediate position is reached when the closing body has moved axially to such an extent that the stop is in contact with the flange. In this intermediate position, the second spring initially exerts a counterforce on the closure body via the flange and the stop, which counterforce can only be overcome by a correspondingly increased magnetic force.

However, the spring device can also have a single spring, which is arranged such that it can be compressed with different spring rates. For example, a spring with a progressive winding may be used.

According to one embodiment, the spring device therefore has only one spring which can be compressed with a first spring rate into an intermediate position and subsequently with a second spring rate, wherein in particular the first spring rate is smaller than the second spring rate.

A continuous increase in the spring rate and/or more than two different spring rates can also be considered here.

According to one embodiment, the actuator unit can be actuated in order to exert a first force F1 or a second force F2 on the armature, wherein F1 is not equal to F2.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a motor vehicle having a turbocharging device is specified, comprising an intake side having a compressor and a turbine side having a turbine, wherein a bypass line to the compressor is provided on the intake side, wherein the valve described is arranged in the bypass line for opening or closing the bypass line.

Drawings

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 schematically shows a valve in a closed position according to an embodiment of the invention in a longitudinal cross-sectional view;

fig. 2 schematically shows the valve according to fig. 1 in a partially open intermediate position; and

fig. 3 schematically shows the valve according to fig. 1 in a fully open position.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 schematically shows a valve 1, designed as an air diverter valve, for a turbocharger, not shown, of a vehicle in a closed position according to an embodiment of the invention. The valve 1 is shown in fig. 1 in a longitudinal section as in all the figures, i.e. a section parallel to the longitudinal axis of the valve.

The valve 1 comprises a housing 2 with a molded flange having openings, by means of which the housing 2 is flanged to a turbocharger, not shown, in the region of a bypass line 4. In the shown mounted position, the second housing part 13 of the valve 1 is connected to the housing 2.

Alternatively, the housing part 13 and also the further housing part 18 can also be formed integrally with the housing 2.

In the housing 2, an electromagnetic actuator unit 5 is arranged, which has a coil 6 and a metal pin 7 connected to an armature 8. The pin 7 is mounted in the housing 2 so as to be axially displaceable by means of an upper bearing 24 and a lower bearing 26 and is fixedly connected to the pot-shaped closure body 10.

A pot-shaped closure body 10, which acts as a piston, interacts with a valve seat 12 in order to close or open the bypass line 4. For this purpose, the closure body 10 has an annular sealing surface 14 which interacts with a valve seat 16 in order to seal the cross section of the bypass line 4. The spring device 17 presses the closure body 10 in the direction of the valve seat 16. In the case of a non-actuated valve 1, the force acting on the bottom 12 of the enclosure 10 due to the pressure in the line 4 alone counteracts the force generated by the spring device 17.

The closure body 10 is sealed with respect to the housing part 42 by means of an annular seal 38 having a V-shaped profile.

In the embodiment shown, the spring device 17 has a first spring 32 and a second spring 34. The first spring 32 and the second spring 34 are arranged coaxially to the longitudinal axis L of the valve 1 and are designed as helical springs, wherein the second spring 34 has a smaller diameter than the first spring 32 and is arranged inside the first spring 32. The first and second springs 32, 34 have spring rates D1 and D2.

The second spring 34 is designed to be shorter than the first spring 32. The first spring 32 is supported at one end on the base 12 of the closure body 10 and at the other end on a washer 40, which is arranged coaxially to the longitudinal axis L in the housing 2. The second spring 34 is also supported at one end on the washer 40, but at its other end on the flange 30, which is held by the guide bush 28.

The guide bush 28 is arranged in the housing 2 concentrically and axially displaceably with the pin 7 and the armature 8. The guide bushing 28 is also axially movable with respect to the pin 7 and the armature 8. The guide bushing serves to retain the lower bearing 26 and also to carry the flange 30.

A stop 36 in the form of a partially interrupted, radially encircling web is arranged coaxially to the longitudinal axis L on the bottom 12 of the closure body 10. The spacing between the stop 36 and the longitudinal axis L corresponds substantially to the spacing between the flange 30 and the longitudinal axis L, so that the stop 36 can be brought into contact with the flange 30 by a displacement of the closing body 10 in the axial direction.

The two springs 32, 34 together form the spring means 17. The spring device 17 has two different spring rates in the embodiment shown. When the spring device 17 is compressed from the closed position of the valve 1 shown in fig. 1, the spring rate Dl of the first spring 32 is effective, since firstly only this spring 32 is compressed. However, if the valve 1 is opened further, from a defined intermediate position, the second spring 34 is also compressed at the same time, so that the spring constant D1+ D2 acts overall. This process is described in detail with respect to fig. 2 and 3.

Fig. 2 shows the valve 1 according to fig. 1 in a partially open position, in which the bypass line 4 is partially opened, i.e. a reduced mass flow is allowed through the bypass line. To reach the partially open position, a voltage is applied to the magnetic coil 6, thereby generating a magnetic force sufficient to compress the first spring 32. The valve 1 is then opened until the stop 36 abuts against the underside of the flange 30. This position is shown in fig. 2.

In this position, however, the axial movement of the closure body 10 is stopped, since it is no longer necessary for the valve 1 to overcome the reaction force of the first spring 32 for further opening, but also the reaction force of the second spring 34, which is now connected in parallel. By the contact between the stop 36 and the flange 30, i.e. in order to open the valve further, the two springs 32, 34 must now be compressed, for which a higher magnetic force is required.

If the bypass line 4 is to be opened only partially, a voltage is therefore applied to the coil 6 which is sufficient to overcome the reaction force of the first spring 32 and to the intermediate position shown in fig. 2, but which is too small to overcome the additional reaction force of the second spring 34 and to the fully open position shown in fig. 3.

In order to reach the fully open position of the valve 1, which is shown in fig. 3, starting from the intermediate position shown in fig. 2, a higher magnetic force is therefore provided by the actuator unit 5. For this purpose, for example, a higher voltage is applied. If this force is sufficient to overcome the reaction force provided by the two springs 32, 34, which are now connected in parallel, the closure body 10 moves in the axial direction until it completely opens the bypass line 4. This position of the valve 1 is shown in fig. 3.

Thus, the valve 1 can achieve not only the fully closed position and the fully open position, but also an intermediate position. If the spring device 17 is designed such that it has more than two different spring constants, further intermediate positions between which the spring constant typically rises stepwise can also be considered.

The electromagnetic actuator unit 5 is actuated accordingly in order to overcome the corresponding reaction force of the spring device 17. In this way, by means of the solenoid valve and without the position sensor, an air diverter valve can be provided which has one or more defined and selectively actuatable intermediate positions of the closure body 10.