阅读说明：本技术 电磁搅拌铸造制备高熵合金颗粒强化铝基复合材料的方法 (Method for preparing high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by electromagnetic stirring casting ) 是由 黄元春 刘宇 文金川 赵永兴 李皓 邵虹榜 于 2020-12-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种电磁搅拌铸造制备高熵合金颗粒强化铝基复合材料的方法,涉及高性能金属材料制造技术领域。本发明包括备料、烘模、装料、炉料熔化、铝液精炼、添加高熵合金颗粒、浇铸和脱模,备料包括以下步骤：步骤一：准备块状铝锭和中间合金锭；步骤二：清洁块状铝锭和中间合金锭,去除氧化层并烘干；步骤三：将烘干后的原材料切割成小块,并使用电子天平称重后备用；步骤四：准备高熵合金粉末,高熵合金粉末的成分为Al-(1.5)CrCoNiFe；步骤五：将高熵合金粉末充分烘干后称重备用。本发明通过电磁场对铸模中的铝合金熔体进行搅拌,电磁场属于非接触式的外能能场,可有效的细化晶粒、改善强化粒子在材料中分布的均匀性。(The invention discloses a method for preparing a high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by electromagnetic stirring casting, and relates to the technical field of high-performance metal material manufacturing. The invention comprises the steps of material preparation, mold drying, charging, furnace burden melting, aluminum liquid refining, high-entropy alloy particle addition, casting and mold release, wherein the material preparation comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: preparing a block-shaped aluminum ingot and an intermediate alloy ingot; step two: cleaning the block-shaped aluminum ingot and the intermediate alloy ingot, removing an oxide layer and drying; step three: cutting the dried raw materials into small pieces, and weighing the small pieces for later use by using an electronic balance; step four: preparing high-entropy alloy powder, wherein the component of the high-entropy alloy powder is Al 1.5 CrCoNiFe; step five: and fully drying the high-entropy alloy powder and weighing for later use. The invention stirs the aluminum alloy melt in the casting mould through the electromagnetic field, and the electromagnetic field belongs to a non-contact external energy field, and can effectively refine grains and improve the uniformity of the distribution of reinforced particles in the material.)

1. A method for preparing a high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by electromagnetic stirring casting comprises the steps of material preparation, mold drying, charging, furnace charge melting, aluminum liquid refining, high-entropy alloy particle adding, casting and demolding, and is characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: preparing a block-shaped aluminum ingot and an intermediate alloy ingot;

step two: cleaning the block-shaped aluminum ingot and the intermediate alloy ingot, removing an oxide layer and drying;

step three: cutting the dried raw materials into small pieces, and weighing the small pieces for later use by using an electronic balance;

step four: preparing high-entropy alloy powder, wherein the component of the high-entropy alloy powder is Al_1.5CrCoNiFe；

Step five: and fully drying the high-entropy alloy powder and weighing for later use.

2. The method for preparing the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by electromagnetic stirring casting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mold drying method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: baking the electromagnetic casting mould to 200-350 ℃ for later use.

3. The method for preparing the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by electromagnetic stirring casting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the charging comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: adding a low-melting-point raw material into the bottom of an induction heating smelting furnace;

step two: placing a high melting point furnace charge on the upper layer of the smelting furnace;

step three: and after the furnace charge in the smelting furnace is completely melted, adding magnesium ingots in the raw materials into the smelting furnace.

4. The method for preparing the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by electromagnetic stirring casting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the furnace charge melting comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: starting a heating function, heating by using an induction heating device until the alloy is completely melted, and fully stirring the melt;

step two: heating the temperature to be within the range of 750 to 780 ℃ and preserving the temperature for 20 to 30 minutes;

step three: then sampling to detect the components of the furnace burden, and properly adjusting the components of the alloy according to the detection result.

5. The method for preparing the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by electromagnetic stirring casting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the aluminum liquid refining comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: preparing high-purity argon with the purity of 99.9 percent;

step two: argon and a refining agent are injected into the molten aluminum through a guide pipe to realize purification;

step three: adjusting the flow of the gas-guide tube, ensuring that the liquid level fluctuation caused by the floating of bubbles is not more than 30mm, and blowing for 10 to 20 minutes;

step four: then standing for 10-20 minutes, and removing the surface scum.

6. The method for preparing the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by electromagnetic stirring casting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the adding of the high-entropy alloy particles comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: the prepared high-entropy alloy particles can be added into a melt;

step two: and starting furnace bottom electromagnetic stirring to ensure that the high-entropy alloy can be uniformly distributed in the melt, wherein the current in the electromagnetic furnace is 30-60A, and the magnetic field frequency is 5-100 HZ.

7. The method for preparing the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by electromagnetic stirring casting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the casting comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature of the metallurgical melt rich in the high-entropy alloy particles at 730-760 ℃ for 30 minutes;

step two: and (3) turning off the heating power supply, starting the electromagnetic stirring of the casting mold, casting the alloy melt into the electromagnetic casting mold, keeping the electromagnetic stirring on until the melt is completely solidified, wherein the electromagnetic current of the casting mold is 5A-50A, and the frequency of the magnetic field is 5 HZ-60 HZ.

8. The method for preparing the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by electromagnetic stirring casting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the demolding comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: when the melt is completely solidified, closing the electromagnetic stirring;

step two: and taking the formed ingot out of the casting mold after the ingot blank is cooled to room temperature in the air, thereby obtaining the alloy ingot.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of high-performance metal material manufacturing, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by electromagnetic stirring casting.

Background

The aluminum-based composite material is rapidly developed in recent years due to low density, higher mechanical strength and fatigue resistance, good heat resistance, corrosion resistance and good dimensional stability, and has great application prospects in the fields of aerospace, rail transit, water transportation, electronic and electric appliances and the like. The performance of the aluminum matrix composite is generally determined by the interface bonding state of the reinforcement and the matrix, the characteristics of the matrix and the reinforcement, the distribution of the reinforcement in the matrix, and the like, the common reinforcing particle materials are SiC, Al2O3, BN, and the like, and intermetallic compounds such as Ni-Al, Fe-Al and Ti-Al are also used as the working reinforcing particles. The high-entropy alloy is a novel high-performance metal material developed in recent years, and has high strength, good heat resistance and good corrosion resistance. The metallic nature of the high entropy alloy shows that it has less effect on the plasticity of the aluminum matrix as a reinforcement. At present, common methods for preparing the aluminum-based composite material comprise a powder metallurgy method, a powder extrusion method and a liquid synthesis method, and the Shaobaofeng and Zhudelhi disclose a powder synthesis process of a high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, but the methods have certain limitation on preparation of large-size blocks; in this respect, the liquid synthesis method has great advantages, but the method needs to solve the problem of self agglomeration of high-entropy alloy particles, and Zhudelhi discloses a stirring casting preparation process of an aluminum-based high-entropy alloy composite material, but the method adopts mechanical stirring to directly destroy an oxide film on the surface of aluminum liquid, and the metallurgical quality of the prepared material is seriously influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by electromagnetic stirring casting, which solves the existing problems: poplar Shaofeng and Zhudelhi disclose a powder synthesis process of high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, but the method has certain limitation in preparing large-size blocks; in this respect, the liquid synthesis method has great advantages, but the method needs to solve the problem of self agglomeration of high-entropy alloy particles, and Zhudelhi discloses a stirring casting preparation process of an aluminum-based high-entropy alloy composite material, but the method adopts mechanical stirring to directly destroy an oxide film on the surface of aluminum liquid, and the metallurgical quality of the prepared material is seriously influenced.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention relates to a method for preparing a high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by electromagnetic stirring casting, which comprises the following steps of material preparation, mold drying, charging, furnace charge melting, aluminum liquid refining, high-entropy alloy particle addition, casting and demolding, wherein the material preparation comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: preparing a block-shaped aluminum ingot and an intermediate alloy ingot;

step two: cleaning the block-shaped aluminum ingot and the intermediate alloy ingot, removing an oxide layer and drying;

step three: cutting the dried raw materials into small pieces, and weighing the small pieces for later use by using an electronic balance;

step four: preparing high-entropy alloy powder, wherein the component of the high-entropy alloy powder is Al_1.5CrCoNiFe；

Step five: and fully drying the high-entropy alloy powder and weighing for later use.

Further, the mold drying method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: baking the electromagnetic casting mould to 200-350 ℃ for later use.

Further, the charging comprises the steps of:

the method comprises the following steps: adding a low-melting-point raw material into the bottom of an induction heating smelting furnace;

step two: placing a high melting point furnace charge on the upper layer of the smelting furnace;

step three: and after the furnace charge in the smelting furnace is completely melted, adding magnesium ingots in the raw materials into the smelting furnace.

Further, the melting of the charge comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: starting a heating function, heating by using an induction heating device until the alloy is completely melted, and fully stirring the melt;

step two: heating the temperature to be within the range of 750 to 780 ℃ and preserving the temperature for 20 to 30 minutes;

step three: then sampling to detect the components of the furnace burden, and properly adjusting the components of the alloy according to the detection result.

Further, the aluminum liquid refining comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: preparing high-purity argon with the purity of 99.9 percent;

step two: argon and a refining agent are injected into the molten aluminum through a guide pipe to realize purification;

step three: adjusting the flow of the gas-guide tube, ensuring that the liquid level fluctuation caused by the floating of bubbles is not more than 30mm, and blowing for 10 to 20 minutes;

step four: then standing for 10-20 minutes, and removing the surface scum.

Further, the adding of the high entropy alloy particles comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: the prepared high-entropy alloy particles can be added into a melt;

step two: and starting furnace bottom electromagnetic stirring to ensure that the high-entropy alloy can be uniformly distributed in the melt, wherein the current in the electromagnetic furnace is 30-60A, and the magnetic field frequency is 5-100 HZ.

Further, the casting comprises the steps of:

the method comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature of the metallurgical melt rich in the high-entropy alloy particles at 730-760 ℃ for 30 minutes;

step two: and (3) turning off the heating power supply, starting the electromagnetic stirring of the casting mold, casting the alloy melt into the electromagnetic casting mold, keeping the electromagnetic stirring on until the melt is completely solidified, wherein the electromagnetic current of the casting mold is 5A-50A, and the frequency of the magnetic field is 5 HZ-60 HZ.

Further, the demolding comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: when the melt is completely solidified, closing the electromagnetic stirring;

step two: and taking the formed ingot out of the casting mold after the ingot blank is cooled to room temperature in the air, thereby obtaining the alloy ingot.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention stirs the aluminum alloy melt in the casting mould through the electromagnetic field, and the electromagnetic field belongs to a non-contact external energy field, and can effectively refine grains and improve the uniformity of the distribution of reinforced particles in the material.

2. The invention is prepared by adopting the traditional liquid solidification forming, has simple preparation process flow, can prepare large-size high-quality casting blanks and has good application prospect.

3. The alloy material prepared by the invention has fine crystal grains, uniform distribution of reinforced particles, potential good plastic processing performance, capability of preparing high-strength light aluminum alloy material by combining corresponding deformation and heat treatment processes, and good application prospect.

4. The invention regulates and controls the uniformity of the distribution of high-entropy alloy particles by introducing a non-contact magnetic field disturbance method in the solidification process of the aluminum-based high-entropy alloy composite material so as to improve the casting blank quality of the material.

Of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by electromagnetic stirring casting, which comprises the following steps of material preparation, mold drying, charging, furnace charge melting, aluminum liquid refining, high-entropy alloy particle addition, casting and demolding, wherein the material preparation comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: preparing a block-shaped aluminum ingot and an intermediate alloy ingot;

step two: cleaning the block-shaped aluminum ingot and the intermediate alloy ingot, removing an oxide layer and drying;

step three: cutting the dried raw materials into small pieces, and weighing the small pieces for later use by using an electronic balance;

step four: preparing high-entropy alloy powder, wherein the component of the high-entropy alloy powder is Al_1.5CrCoNiFe；

Step five: and fully drying the high-entropy alloy powder and weighing for later use.

The mold drying method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: baking the electromagnetic casting mould to 200-350 ℃ for later use.

The charging comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: adding a low-melting-point raw material into the bottom of an induction heating smelting furnace;

step two: placing a high melting point furnace charge on the upper layer of the smelting furnace;

step three: after the furnace charge in the smelting furnace is completely melted, the magnesium ingot in the raw materials is added into the smelting furnace, so that the burning loss of the magnesium ingot can be reduced.

The furnace charge melting comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: starting a heating function, heating by using an induction heating device until the alloy is completely melted, and fully stirring the melt;

step two: heating the temperature to be within the range of 750 to 780 ℃ and preserving the temperature for 20 to 30 minutes;

step three: then sampling to detect the components of the furnace burden, and properly adjusting the components of the alloy according to the detection result.

The aluminum liquid refining comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: preparing high-purity argon with the purity of 99.9 percent;

step two: argon and a refining agent are injected into the molten aluminum through a guide pipe to realize purification;

step three: adjusting the flow of the gas-guide tube, ensuring that the liquid level fluctuation caused by the floating of bubbles is not more than 30mm, and blowing for 10 to 20 minutes;

step four: then standing for 10-20 minutes, and removing the surface scum.

Adding high entropy alloy particles comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: the prepared high-entropy alloy particles can be added into a melt;

step two: and starting furnace bottom electromagnetic stirring to ensure that the high-entropy alloy can be uniformly distributed in the melt, wherein the current in the electromagnetic furnace is 30-60A, and the magnetic field frequency is 5-100 HZ.

The casting comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature of the metallurgical melt rich in the high-entropy alloy particles at 730-760 ℃ for 30 minutes;

step two: and (3) turning off the heating power supply, starting the electromagnetic stirring of the casting mold, casting the alloy melt into the electromagnetic casting mold, keeping the electromagnetic stirring on until the melt is completely solidified, wherein the electromagnetic current of the casting mold is 5A-50A, and the frequency of the magnetic field is 5 HZ-60 HZ.

The demolding comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: when the melt is completely solidified, closing the electromagnetic stirring;

step two: and taking the formed ingot out of the casting mold after the ingot blank is cooled to room temperature in the air, thereby obtaining the alloy ingot.

One specific application of this embodiment is: preparing block-shaped aluminum and aluminum alloy, cleaning the surfaces of the block-shaped aluminum and the aluminum alloy, removing an oxide layer, drying, cutting the dried raw material into small blocks, weighing the small blocks by using an electronic balance for later use, and preparing high-entropy alloy powder, wherein the component of the high-entropy alloy powder is Al_1.5CrCoNiFe, fully drying high-entropy alloy powder, weighing for later use, baking an electromagnetic casting mold to 200-350 ℃ for later use, adding a low-melting-point raw material to the bottom of an induction heating smelting furnace, placing a high-melting-point furnace charge on the upper layer of the smelting furnace, putting a magnesium ingot in the raw material into the smelting furnace after the furnace charge in the smelting furnace is completely melted, starting a heating function, heating by using an induction heating device until the alloy is completely melted, fully stirring the melt, heating to the temperature of 750-780 ℃, preserving the heat for 20-30 minutes, and samplingDetecting furnace charge components, properly adjusting alloy components according to a detection result, preparing high-purity argon with the purity of 99.9%, blowing the argon and a refining agent into molten aluminum through a guide pipe to realize purification, adjusting the flow of a gas guide pipe to ensure that the liquid level fluctuation caused by floating of bubbles is not more than 30mm, blowing for 10 to 20 minutes, standing for 10 to 20 minutes, removing surface scum, adding the prepared high-entropy alloy particles into a melt, starting electromagnetic stirring at the bottom of a furnace to ensure that the high-entropy alloy can be uniformly distributed in the melt, controlling the current in an electromagnetic furnace to be 30 to 60A, controlling the magnetic field frequency to be 5 to 100HZ, keeping the temperature of a metallurgical melt rich in the high-entropy alloy particles at 730 to 760 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30 minutes, closing a heating power supply, starting electromagnetic stirring of a casting mold, casting the alloy melt into the electromagnetic casting mold, keeping the electromagnetic stirring on until the melt is completely solidified, and (3) the electromagnetic current of the casting mold is 5A to 50A, the magnetic field frequency is 5HZ to 60HZ, when the melt is completely solidified, the electromagnetic stirring is closed, and the formed ingot is taken out of the casting mold after the ingot blank is cooled to room temperature in the air, so that the alloy ingot is obtained.

In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.