阅读说明：本技术 一种高韧性耐磨铝合金及其加工工艺 (High-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy and processing technology thereof ) 是由 杨金德 于 2020-07-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种高韧性耐磨铝合金及其加工工艺,涉及金属材料技术领域。本发明先利用溶胶-凝胶法制备四钛酸钾,然后利用微波反应在四钛酸钾表面接枝烷基双胺,制得预处理四钛酸钾,将预处理四钛酸钾与大豆分离蛋白混合反应后,制得改性四钛酸钾,随即将改性四钛酸钾与正硅酸乙酯混合,采用溶胶-凝胶法在四钛酸钾表面包覆一层二氧化硅,制得复合添加剂,最后,将复合添加剂与铝合金坯料混合,并加入精炼剂,熔融混合后,浇筑,制得高韧性耐磨铝合金。本发明制备的高韧性耐磨铝合金具有优异的耐磨性能,且力学性能较好。(The invention discloses a high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy and a processing technology thereof, and relates to the technical field of metal materials. The method comprises the steps of firstly preparing potassium tetratitanate by a sol-gel method, then grafting alkyl diamine on the surface of the potassium tetratitanate by a microwave reaction to prepare pretreated potassium tetratitanate, mixing the pretreated potassium tetratitanate and soy protein isolate for reaction to prepare modified potassium tetratitanate, then mixing the modified potassium tetratitanate and tetraethoxysilane, coating a layer of silicon dioxide on the surface of the potassium tetratitanate by the sol-gel method to prepare a composite additive, finally mixing the composite additive and an aluminum alloy blank, adding a refining agent, melting and mixing, and pouring to prepare the high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy. The high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy prepared by the invention has excellent wear resistance and better mechanical property.)

1. The high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy is characterized by mainly comprising the following raw material components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of aluminum alloy blank and 0.2-0.8 part of refining agent.

2. The high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, further comprising the following raw material components in parts by weight: 0.5-1.2 parts of a composite additive.

3. A high toughness, wear resistant aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein said aluminum alloy stock contains the following elements: 14.5 to 15.5 percent of silicon, 0.7 to 0.9 percent of iron, 2.8 to 3.2 percent of copper, 0.7 to 0.9 percent of manganese, 0.45 to 0.65 percent of magnesium, 1 to 1.5 percent of zinc, 0.25 to 0.35 percent of chromium, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of titanium, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of lead, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of cadmium, and the balance of aluminum and impurities which cannot be removed, wherein the contents of all the components are mass contents.

4. The high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein the composite additive is prepared from potassium tetratitanate, silicon dioxide, alkyl diamine and soybean protein isolate.

5. A high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 4, which mainly comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 50 parts of aluminum alloy blank, 0.5 part of refining agent and 1 part of composite additive.

6. The processing technology of the high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy is characterized by mainly comprising the following preparation steps of:

(1) mixing tetrabutyl titanate with absolute ethyl alcohol, adding acetylacetone and potassium nitrate solution, stirring for reaction, and calcining to obtain potassium tetratitanate;

(2) washing the potassium tetratitanate obtained in the step (1) with hydrochloric acid, adding the washed potassium tetratitanate into an alkyl diamine solution, reacting under the microwave condition, filtering and drying to obtain pretreated potassium tetratitanate, mixing the pretreated potassium tetratitanate with a buffer solution, adding isolated soy protein, 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl-3) -ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide, stirring for reaction, filtering and drying to obtain modified potassium tetratitanate, mixing the modified potassium tetratitanate with an ethanol solution, adding ethyl orthosilicate, adjusting the pH value, stirring for reaction, filtering and drying to obtain a composite additive;

(3) heating and melting an aluminum alloy blank, adding a refining agent and the composite additive obtained in the step (2), mixing in a nitrogen atmosphere, and pouring to obtain the high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy;

(4) and (4) carrying out quality detection on the high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy obtained in the step (3).

7. The processing technology of the high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 6, mainly comprising the following preparation steps of:

(1) tetrabutyl titanate and absolute ethyl alcohol are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 10, mixing, adding acetylacetone accounting for 1-2 times of the mass of tetrabutyl titanate and a potassium nitrate solution accounting for 10% accounting for 1-2 times of the mass of tetrabutyl titanate, stirring for reaction, filtering to obtain a potassium tetratitanate blank, crushing the potassium tetratitanate blank, and calcining for 2-5 hours at 700-850 ℃ to obtain potassium tetratitanate;

(2) washing the potassium tetratitanate obtained in the step (1) for 2-6 times by using hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 10%, and then mixing the washed potassium tetratitanate and an alkyl diamine solution with the mass fraction of 1: 8, mixing, reacting for 2-4 hours under the condition of a microwave with power of 480W, filtering to obtain a filter cake, drying the filter cake for 30min at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain pretreated potassium tetratitanate, and mixing the pretreated potassium tetratitanate with a buffer solution according to the mass ratio of 1: 12, mixing, adding soybean protein isolate with the mass of 0.2-0.6 time of that of the pretreated potassium tetratitanate, 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl-3) -ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride with the mass of 0.3-0.5 time of that of the pretreated potassium tetratitanate and N-hydroxysuccinimide with the mass of 0.3-0.8 time of that of the pretreated potassium tetratitanate, stirring for reaction, filtering and drying to obtain modified potassium tetratitanate, wherein the modified potassium tetratitanate and an ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 60% are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 20, mixing the mixture in a flask, adding ethyl orthosilicate with the mass 1-4 times that of the modified potassium tetratitanate into the flask, adjusting the pH of the materials in the flask to 10-11, stirring and reacting for 6 hours at the temperature of 40 ℃, filtering to obtain a composite additive blank, and drying the composite additive blank for 5 hours at the temperature of 65 ℃ to obtain a composite additive;

(3) and (3) heating the aluminum alloy blank to be molten, adding a refining agent with the mass of 0.01 time of that of the aluminum alloy blank and the composite additive obtained in the step (2) with the mass of 0.02 time of that of the aluminum alloy blank into the molten aluminum alloy blank, heating the mixture to 1200-1500 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, mixing the mixture for 1-2 h, cooling the mixture to 750-850 ℃, and pouring to obtain the high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy.

8. The process for processing the high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 6, wherein the refining agent in the step (3) is at least one of sodium chloride, sodium fluorosilicate, calcium fluoride, sodium fluoroaluminate and sodium fluoride.

9. The processing technology of the high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 6, wherein the buffer solution in the step (2) is prepared by mixing 2- (N-morphine-forest) ethanol sulfonic acid and water in a mass ratio of 1: 12, and adjusting the pH value to 5.5 to obtain a buffer solution.

10. The process for processing the high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 6, wherein the alkyl diamine solution in the step (2) is 8 mass percent of 1, 4-butanediamine ethanol solution or 10 mass percent of 1, 8-octanediamine ethanol solution.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of metal materials, in particular to a high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy and a processing technology thereof.

Background

The typical high-strength hard aluminum alloy in the aluminum alloy is one of series with larger consumption in the aluminum alloy due to reasonable components and excellent comprehensive performance; the alloy is characterized in that: the alloy has high specific strength, good toughness and certain heat resistance, can be used as a working part below 150 ℃, wherein the strength of the 2124 alloy is higher than that of the 7075 alloy when the temperature is above 125 ℃, and is always an important material for aerospace, propulsion and weapon systems. Widely used for airplane structures, rivets, truck hubs, propeller elements and other medium and high strength structural members; further, the alloy is widely used in automobiles, IT industrial equipment, office equipment, and the like, and is produced in many industrially developed countries. With the rapid development of aerospace technology, higher and higher requirements are put on the performance of aluminum alloy, and besides the pursuit of higher tensile strength, the alloy is also required to have excellent wear resistance, especially high-temperature wear resistance, such as turbine engine blades, generator impeller shells, ball mill linings, welding wire feeding mechanisms used by high-speed welding machines and the like, the working temperature of the alloy is high, and the alloy needs to be operated at high speed for many times per second, so that the demands on light-weight, high-strength and especially high-temperature wear-resistant materials are very urgent.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy and a processing technology thereof, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy is characterized by mainly comprising the following raw material components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of aluminum alloy blank and 0.2-0.8 part of refining agent.

The high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy is characterized by also comprising the following raw material components in parts by weight: 0.5-1.2 parts of a composite additive.

As optimization, the aluminum alloy blank comprises the following element components: 14.5 to 15.5 percent of silicon, 0.7 to 0.9 percent of iron, 2.8 to 3.2 percent of copper, 0.7 to 0.9 percent of manganese, 0.45 to 0.65 percent of magnesium, 1 to 1.5 percent of zinc, 0.25 to 0.35 percent of chromium, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of titanium, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of nickel, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of lead, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of tin, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of cadmium, and the balance of aluminum and impurities which cannot be removed, wherein the contents of all the components are mass contents.

Preferably, the composite additive is prepared from potassium tetratitanate, silicon dioxide and alkyl diamine.

As optimization, the high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy mainly comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 50 parts of aluminum alloy blank, 0.5 part of refining agent and 1 part of composite additive.

As optimization, the processing technology of the high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy mainly comprises the following preparation steps:

(1) mixing tetrabutyl titanate with absolute ethyl alcohol, adding acetylacetone and potassium nitrate solution, stirring for reaction, and calcining to obtain potassium tetratitanate;

(2) washing the potassium tetratitanate obtained in the step (1) with hydrochloric acid, adding the washed potassium tetratitanate into an alkyl diamine solution, reacting under the microwave condition, filtering and drying to obtain pretreated potassium tetratitanate, mixing the pretreated potassium tetratitanate with a buffer solution, adding isolated soy protein, 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl-3) -ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide, stirring for reaction, filtering and drying to obtain modified potassium tetratitanate, mixing the modified potassium tetratitanate with an ethanol solution, adding ethyl orthosilicate, adjusting the pH value, stirring for reaction, filtering and drying to obtain a composite additive;

(3) heating and melting an aluminum alloy blank, adding a refining agent and the composite additive obtained in the step (2), mixing in a nitrogen atmosphere, and pouring to obtain the high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy;

(4) and (4) carrying out quality detection on the high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy obtained in the step (3).

As optimization, the processing technology of the high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy mainly comprises the following preparation steps:

(1) tetrabutyl titanate and absolute ethyl alcohol are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 10, mixing, adding acetylacetone accounting for 1-2 times of the mass of tetrabutyl titanate and a potassium nitrate solution accounting for 10% accounting for 1-2 times of the mass of tetrabutyl titanate, stirring for reaction, filtering to obtain a potassium tetratitanate blank, crushing the potassium tetratitanate blank, and calcining for 2-5 hours at 700-850 ℃ to obtain potassium tetratitanate;

(2) washing the potassium tetratitanate obtained in the step (1) for 2-6 times by using hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 10%, and then mixing the washed potassium tetratitanate and an alkyl diamine solution with the mass fraction of 1: 8, mixing, reacting for 2-4 hours under the condition of a microwave with power of 480W, filtering to obtain a filter cake, drying the filter cake for 30min at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain pretreated potassium tetratitanate, and mixing the pretreated potassium tetratitanate with a buffer solution according to the mass ratio of 1: 12, mixing, adding soybean protein isolate with the mass of 0.2-0.6 time of that of the pretreated potassium tetratitanate, 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl-3) -ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride with the mass of 0.3-0.5 time of that of the pretreated potassium tetratitanate and N-hydroxysuccinimide with the mass of 0.3-0.8 time of that of the pretreated potassium tetratitanate, stirring for reaction, filtering and drying to obtain modified potassium tetratitanate, wherein the modified potassium tetratitanate and an ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 60% are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 20, mixing the mixture in a flask, adding ethyl orthosilicate with the mass 1-4 times that of the modified potassium tetratitanate into the flask, adjusting the pH of the materials in the flask to 10-11, stirring and reacting for 6 hours at the temperature of 40 ℃, filtering to obtain a composite additive blank, and drying the composite additive blank for 5 hours at the temperature of 65 ℃ to obtain a composite additive;

(3) and (3) heating the aluminum alloy blank to be molten, adding a refining agent with the mass of 0.01 time of that of the aluminum alloy blank and the composite additive obtained in the step (2) with the mass of 0.02 time of that of the aluminum alloy blank into the molten aluminum alloy blank, heating the mixture to 1200-1500 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, mixing the mixture for 1-2 h, cooling the mixture to 750-850 ℃, and pouring to obtain the high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy.

Preferably, the refining agent in the step (3) is at least one of sodium chloride, sodium fluorosilicate, calcium fluoride, sodium fluoroaluminate and sodium fluoride.

Preferably, the buffer solution in the step (2) is prepared by mixing 2- (N-morphine-forest) ethanol sulfonic acid and water according to the mass ratio of 1: 12, and adjusting the pH value to 5.5 to obtain a buffer solution.

Preferably, the alkyl diamine solution in the step (2) is 8% by mass of 1, 4-butanediamine ethanol solution or 10% by mass of 1, 8-octanediamine ethanol solution.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention adds composite additive when preparing high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy, firstly, the composite additive contains potassium tetratitanate which is in lamellar structure, after the composite additive is added into the product, the aluminum alloy can be protected, thereby the wear-resistant performance of the product is improved, and the potassium tetratitanate has high-temperature metastable state performance, namely, potassium tetratitanate molecules can be polymerized under high-temperature state, thereby potassium hexatitanate is formed, further, the bonding force in the aluminum alloy after pouring can be improved after the potassium tetratitanate is added into the aluminum alloy, thereby the toughness of the product is improved, secondly, alkyl diamine and soybean protein isolate are grafted among the potassium tetratitanate layers, and a layer of silicon dioxide is also coated outside the soybean protein isolate, after the composite additive is added into the product, the alkyl diamine and the soybean protein isolate are protected under high-temperature state by the silicon dioxide, so that the alkyl diamine and the soybean protein isolate are carbonized to form fine carbon particles, and after, the silicon dioxide and the carbon particles can perform a carbothermic reduction reaction, so that silicon nitride is formed on the surface of the potassium tetratitanate, the wear resistance of the aluminum alloy is further improved, and meanwhile, a certain amount of carbon monoxide gas can be formed in the carbothermic reduction reaction process, so that the uniform distribution of the composite additive can be promoted, and the mechanical property and the wear resistance of the product are further improved; finally, the content of silicon dioxide is reduced after the reaction, so that the content of other impurities in the product is reduced, and the mechanical property of the product is improved.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In order to more clearly illustrate the method provided by the present invention, the following examples are used for detailed description, and the index testing methods of the high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy prepared in the following examples are as follows:

and (3) toughness testing: the tensile strength and the elongation at break of the high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy obtained in each example and a comparative product are tested by using a universal tensile tester.

And (3) wear resistance test: the wear amount of each aluminum alloy was measured after rubbing the high-toughness wear-resistant aluminum alloy obtained in each example with the comparative example product for 24 hours at a temperature of 220 ℃ and a pressure of 150N.