阅读说明：本技术 一种基于形状记忆合金驱动的可变形机翼 (Deformable wing based on shape memory alloy driving ) 是由 张威 张超 王文波 柳阳 刘新杰 刘兵飞 张博利 孙艳坤 于 2019-12-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种基于形状记忆合金驱动的可变形机翼。其包括翼梁、翼肋、前墙、后墙、桁条、柔性蒙皮和驱动装置；驱动装置包括刚性箱体、滑块、转换机构、形状记忆合金丝、气弹簧、第一连杆、第二连杆、第三连杆、加热电阻丝和电隔离保护罩。本发明提供的基于形状记忆合金驱动的可变形机翼是通过对形状记忆合金丝温度的控制来实现对机翼形状的定量改变,使得机翼获得不同的升阻比。本可变形机翼的结构比较简单,同时通过形状记忆合金材料的引入,可以智能地改变翼型的形状,使得翼型获得更高的气动性能。(A deformable wing based on shape memory alloy actuation. The wing beam comprises wing spars, wing ribs, a front wall, a rear wall, stringers, a flexible skin and a driving device; the driving device comprises a rigid box body, a sliding block, a conversion mechanism, a shape memory alloy wire, an air spring, a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a third connecting rod, a heating resistance wire and an electric isolation protective cover. The deformable wing based on shape memory alloy driving provided by the invention realizes quantitative change of the wing shape by controlling the temperature of the shape memory alloy wire, so that the wing obtains different lift-drag ratios. The deformable wing is simple in structure, and meanwhile, the shape of the wing profile can be intelligently changed by introducing the shape memory alloy material, so that the wing profile can obtain higher aerodynamic performance.)

1. A deformable wing based on shape memory alloy actuation, characterized in that: the deformable wing based on shape memory alloy actuation comprises: the wing frame comprises a wing beam (1), wing ribs (2), a front wall (3), a rear wall (4), stringers (5), a flexible skin (6) and a driving device (7); the two wing ribs (2) are symmetrically and parallelly arranged in a vertical mode, and a groove (10) is formed in the middle of the inner side face of each wing rib (2) in the vertical direction; the two stringers (5) are arranged in parallel up and down, and two ends of each stringer (5) are respectively outwards formed with a boss (9) which can be inserted into a groove (10) on the wing rib (2), so that the stringers (5) can move up and down along the groove (10); the wing beam (1), the front wall (3) and the rear wall (4) are all strip-shaped plates which are vertically arranged, and two ends of the wing beam are respectively connected to the parts, located on one side of the stringer (5), on the front part and the rear part of the rib (2), on the two ribs (2); the flexible skin (6) covers the outer parts of the upper end and the lower end of the wing beam (1), the front wall (3) and the rear wall (4), and the inner surface of the flexible skin is connected with the outer surfaces of the two stringers (5); the driving device (7) comprises a rigid box body (8), a sliding block (11), a conversion mechanism (12), a shape memory alloy wire (13), an air spring (14), a first connecting rod (15), a second connecting rod (16), a third connecting rod (17), a heating resistance wire (18) and an electric isolation protective cover (19); the rigid box body (8) is of a rectangular structure and is arranged between the two stringers (5), one side surface of the rigid box body is fixed on the side surface, close to the stringers (5), of the wing beam (1), and one side part of the top surface and one side part of the bottom surface of the rigid box body (8) are respectively provided with an opening (20); the slide block (11) is arranged in the middle of the rigid box body (8); the shape memory alloy wire (13) and the gas spring (14) are arranged in parallel, and two ends of the shape memory alloy wire are respectively fixed on the inner end surface far away from the opening (20) in the rigid box body (8) and one side surface of the sliding block (11); the switching mechanism (12) is arranged at the position between the holes (20) on the top surface and the bottom surface in the rigid box body (8), and two ends of the switching mechanism are respectively arranged on two side surfaces of the rigid box body (8) in a rotatable way; two ends of the first connecting rod (15) are respectively hinged to the other side surface of the sliding block (11) and the middle edge of the conversion mechanism (12); one ends of a second connecting rod (16) and a third connecting rod (17) are respectively hinged at the edge parts of two sides of the conversion mechanism (12), and the other ends of the second connecting rod and the third connecting rod are respectively hinged on two stringers (5) after penetrating through holes (20) on the top surface and the bottom surface of the rigid box body (8); the heating resistance wire (18) is wound on the surface of the shape memory alloy wire (13), and two ends of the heating resistance wire are connected with an airborne power supply; the electric isolation protective cover (19) is made of flexible insulating materials and covers the outside of the heating resistance wire (18).

2. The shape memory alloy actuation-based deformable airfoil of claim 1, wherein: the second connecting rod (16) and the third connecting rod (17) have the same structure and size.

3. The shape memory alloy actuation-based deformable airfoil of claim 1, wherein: the heating resistance wire (18) is uniformly wound on the surface of the shape memory alloy wire (13).

4. The shape memory alloy actuation-based deformable airfoil of claim 1, wherein: the shape memory alloy wire (13) is made of a shape memory alloy material with a two-way memory effect.

5. The shape memory alloy actuation-based deformable airfoil of claim 1, wherein: the flexible skin (6) comprises a flexible skin arranged on the upper surface of the wing and a flexible skin arranged on the lower surface of the wing.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of aerospace equipment, and particularly relates to a deformable wing based on Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) drive.

Background

The airfoil of an aircraft wing designed by the traditional method can only have good aerodynamic performance in a certain fixed flight state, but cannot always keep good aerodynamic performance in the whole flight process. In order to optimize the aerodynamic performance of the wing profile under various flight conditions, the design of the deformable wing profile is developed, and the design can change the shape of the wing profile under different flight conditions, so that the better aerodynamic performance is obtained. The deformable airfoil, which requires easy deformation control and high controllability and stability, has high challenges for the current wing design and manufacturing technology. But at present, deformable wings based on shape memory alloy driving are not found in reports.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a deformable wing based on shape memory alloy actuation.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides a deformable wing based on shape memory alloy actuation, comprising: the wing beam comprises a wing beam, a wing rib, a front wall, a rear wall, a stringer, a flexible skin and a driving device; the two wing ribs are symmetrically and parallelly arranged in a vertical mode, and the middle part of the inner side surface of each wing rib is provided with a groove in the vertical direction; the two stringers are arranged in parallel up and down, and two ends of each stringer are respectively outwards provided with a boss which can be inserted into the grooves on the wing ribs, so that the stringers can move up and down along the grooves; the wing beam, the front wall and the rear wall are all strip-shaped plates which are vertically arranged, and two ends of the wing beam are respectively connected to the parts, located on one side of the stringer, at the front part and the rear part of the rib, of the two ribs; the flexible skin covers the outer parts of the upper end and the lower end of the wing beam, the front wall and the rear wall, and the inner surface of the flexible skin is connected with the outer surfaces of the two stringers; the driving device comprises a rigid box body, a sliding block, a conversion mechanism, a shape memory alloy wire, an air spring, a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a third connecting rod, a heating resistance wire and an electric isolation protective cover; the rigid box body is of a rectangular structure and is arranged between the two stringers, one side surface of the rigid box body is fixed on the side surface, close to the stringers, of the spar, and one side parts of the top surface and the bottom surface of the rigid box body are respectively provided with an opening; the slide block is arranged in the middle of the rigid box body; the shape memory alloy wire and the gas spring are arranged in parallel, and two ends of the shape memory alloy wire and the gas spring are respectively fixed on an inner end surface far away from the opening in the rigid box body and one side surface of the sliding block; the switching mechanism is arranged in the rigid box body at a position between the holes on the top surface and the bottom surface, and two ends of the switching mechanism are respectively arranged on two side surfaces of the rigid box body in a rotatable manner; two ends of the first connecting rod are respectively hinged to the other side surface of the sliding block and the middle edge of the conversion mechanism; one end of the second connecting rod and one end of the third connecting rod are respectively hinged at the edge parts of the two sides of the conversion mechanism, and the other ends of the second connecting rod and the third connecting rod are respectively hinged on the two stringers after penetrating through the holes on the top surface and the bottom surface of the rigid box body; the heating resistance wire is wound on the surface of the shape memory alloy wire, and two ends of the heating resistance wire are connected with the airborne power supply; the electric isolation protective cover is made of flexible insulating materials and covers the outside of the heating resistance wire.

The second connecting rod and the third connecting rod are identical in structure and size.

The heating resistance wire is uniformly wound on the surface of the shape memory alloy wire.

The shape memory alloy wire is made of a shape memory alloy material with a two-way memory effect.

The flexible skin comprises a flexible skin arranged on the upper surface of the wing and a flexible skin arranged on the lower surface of the wing.

The deformable wing based on shape memory alloy driving provided by the invention realizes quantitative change of the wing shape by controlling the temperature of the shape memory alloy wire, so that the wing obtains different lift-drag ratios. The deformable wing is simple in structure, and meanwhile, the shape of the wing profile can be intelligently changed by introducing the shape memory alloy material, so that the wing profile can obtain higher aerodynamic performance.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a deformable wing based on shape memory alloy actuation according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a shape memory alloy actuation-based actuation device for a deformable wing according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a transformation mechanism in a deformable wing based on shape memory alloy actuation according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a shape memory alloy wire, a heating resistance wire and an electrical isolation protective cover in the deformable wing based on shape memory alloy driving provided by the invention.

Detailed Description

The deformable wing based on shape memory alloy actuation provided by the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1-4, the deformable wing based on shape memory alloy actuation provided by the invention comprises: a wing beam 1, a wing rib 2, a front wall 3, a rear wall 4, a stringer 5, a flexible skin 6 and a driving device 7; the two wing ribs 2 are symmetrically and parallelly arranged in a vertical mode, and a groove 10 is formed in the middle of the inner side face of each wing rib 2 in the vertical direction; two stringers 5 are arranged in parallel up and down, and two ends of each stringer 5 are respectively outwards formed with a boss 9 which can be inserted into a groove 10 on the wing rib 2, so that the stringers 5 can move up and down along the groove 10; the wing beam 1, the front wall 3 and the rear wall 4 are all strip-shaped plates which are vertically arranged, and two ends of the wing beam are respectively connected to the positions, located on one side of the stringer 5 and on the front part and the rear part of the rib 2, of the two ribs 2; the flexible skin 6 covers the outer parts of the upper end and the lower end of the wing beam 1, the front wall 3 and the rear wall 4, and the inner surface is connected with the outer surfaces of the two stringers 5; the driving device 7 comprises a rigid box body 8, a sliding block 11, a conversion mechanism 12, a shape memory alloy wire 13, an air spring 14, a first connecting rod 15, a second connecting rod 16, a third connecting rod 17, a heating resistance wire 18 and an electric isolation protective cover 19; the rigid box body 8 is of a rectangular structure and is arranged between the two stringers 5, one side surface of the rigid box body is fixed on the side surface, close to the stringers 5, of the spar 1, and one side part of the top surface and one side part of the bottom surface of the rigid box body 8 are respectively provided with an opening 20; the slide block 11 is arranged in the middle of the rigid box body 8; the shape memory alloy wire 13 and the gas spring 14 are arranged in parallel, and two ends of the shape memory alloy wire are respectively fixed on the inner end surface far away from the opening 20 in the rigid box body 8 and one side surface of the sliding block 11; the conversion mechanism 12 is arranged in the rigid box body 8 at a position between the holes 20 on the top surface and the bottom surface, and two ends of the conversion mechanism are respectively arranged on two side surfaces of the rigid box body 8 in a rotatable manner; two ends of the first connecting rod 15 are respectively hinged on the other side surface of the sliding block 11 and the middle edge of the conversion mechanism 12; one ends of a second connecting rod 16 and a third connecting rod 17 are respectively hinged at the edge parts of two sides of the conversion mechanism 12, and the other ends of the second connecting rod and the third connecting rod are respectively hinged on the two stringers 5 after penetrating through the openings 20 on the top surface and the bottom surface of the rigid box body 8; the heating resistance wire 18 is wound on the surface of the shape memory alloy wire 13, and two ends of the heating resistance wire are connected with an onboard power supply; the electrically isolating protective cover 19 is made of a flexible insulating material and covers the heating resistance wire 18.

The second connecting rod 16 and the third connecting rod 17 have the same structure and size.

The heating resistance wire 18 is uniformly wound on the surface of the shape memory alloy wire 13.

The shape memory alloy wire 13 is made of a shape memory alloy material with a two-way memory effect.

The flexible skin 6 comprises a flexible skin arranged on the upper surface of the wing and a flexible skin arranged on the lower surface of the wing.

The working principle of the deformable wing based on shape memory alloy actuation provided by the invention is explained as follows:

when the shape of the wing needs to be changed, firstly, an onboard power supply supplies power to the heating resistance wire 18, so that the shape memory alloy wire 13 is heated, the shape memory alloy wire 13 is deformed, then the sliding block 11 is driven to move left and right in the rigid box body 8, the sliding block 11 drives the switching mechanism 12 to rotate through the first connecting rod 15, the switching mechanism 12 drives the two stringers 5 to move up and down along the groove 10 through the second connecting rod 16 and the third connecting rod 17, and finally the stringers 5 drive the flexible skin 6 to deform, so that the shape of the wing is changed, and therefore the quantitative change of the shape of the wing can be realized based on different flight conditions, and different lift forces are obtained. When the heating of the heating resistance wire 18 is stopped, the stringer 5 can be restored to the initial position by the slider 11, the first link 15, the second link 16 and the third link 17 under the action of the gas spring 14.