阅读说明：本技术 纳米颗粒/空心球复合增强金属基复合材料的制备方法 (Preparation method of nano-particle/hollow sphere composite reinforced metal matrix composite material ) 是由 褚楚 王耀奇 李晓华 侯红亮 于 2019-10-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及纳米颗粒/空心球复合增强金属基复合材料的制备方法,是将纳米颗粒增强金属基复合材料坯料和空心球密封于钢包套内,中间用穿孔板将其隔离开,第一导气管与坯料端相连,第二导气管与空心球端相连,然后将该钢包套有置于箱式电阻炉内加热,加热过程中通过真空机组抽真空保持钢包套内的真空度,纳米颗粒增强金属基复合材料坯料熔化后形成熔体,通过第一导气管对熔体加载,熔体将通过穿孔板进入到陶瓷空心球之间,最后将钢包套从箱式电阻炉中取出并冷却至室温,通过机械加工的方式去除钢包套,最终制得纳米颗粒/空心球复合增强金属基复合材料。本发明为纳米颗粒/空心球复合增强金属基复合材料的高效、低成本、高性能制造提供了一条途径。(The invention relates to a method for preparing nano-particle/hollow sphere composite reinforced metal matrix composite, which comprises sealing a nano-particle reinforced metal matrix composite blank and a hollow sphere in a steel ladle sleeve, separating the blank and the hollow sphere by a perforated plate, connecting a first gas-guide tube with the blank end and a second gas-guide tube with the hollow sphere end, then the steel sheath is placed in a box type resistance furnace for heating, the vacuum degree in the steel sheath is kept through the vacuum pumping of a vacuum unit in the heating process, the nano-particle reinforced metal matrix composite material blank is melted to form a melt, loading the melt through the first gas-guide tube, allowing the melt to enter the space between the ceramic hollow spheres through the perforated plate, taking out the steel sheath from the box-type resistance furnace, cooling to room temperature, and removing the steel sheath in a machining mode to finally prepare the nano particle/hollow sphere composite reinforced metal matrix composite. The invention provides a way for the efficient, low-cost and high-performance manufacture of the nano-particle/hollow sphere composite reinforced metal matrix composite material.)

1. A process for preparing the nano-particles/hollow spheres composite reinforced metal-base composite material includes such steps as proportionally sealing the blank and hollow spheres in a steel ladle, vacuumizing, heating in a box-type resistance furnace, vacuumizing to maintain the vacuum degree in steel ladle, smelting the blank to obtain fused mass, loading it by the first gas-guide tube, loading it between hollow spheres, taking out the steel ladle from the furnace, cooling, and removing the steel sheath in a machining mode to finally prepare the nano particle/hollow sphere composite reinforced metal matrix composite.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanoparticle/hollow sphere composite reinforced metal matrix composite blank is prepared by stir casting or powder metallurgy.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the mass fraction of the nanoparticles in the nanoparticle-reinforced metal matrix composite blank is 0.1-10 wt%.

4. The method for preparing the nanoparticle/hollow sphere composite reinforced metal matrix composite material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the nanoparticles comprise silicon carbide nanoparticles and carbon nanotube CNTs, and the metal matrix comprises aluminum alloy, aluminum lithium alloy, magnesium alloy and magnesium lithium alloy.

5. The preparation method of the nanoparticle/hollow sphere composite reinforced metal matrix composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method for adding the metal matrix composite material blank, the perforated plate and the hollow sphere in the steel ladle sleeve comprises the following steps: the hollow ball, the perforated plate and the nano-particle reinforced metal matrix composite material are sequentially filled into a steel ladle sleeve and sealed by argon arc welding.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the pores of the perforated plate have a diameter smaller than the diameter of the hollow sphere.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the hollow sphere comprises SiC and Al as components₂O₃、Al₂O₃/SiO₂、B₄C、TiC、AlN、ZrO₂The diameter of the hollow ball is 0.5-5 mm.

8. The method for preparing the nano-particle/hollow sphere composite reinforced metal matrix composite material according to claim 1, wherein the specific heating operation of placing the steel sheath in a box-type resistance furnace is as follows: placing the ladle sleeve in a box-type resistance furnace, opening a vacuum unit to vacuumize the ladle sleeve until the vacuum degree is less than 10^-2And pa, continuously maintaining the vacuum degree, starting heating the steel sheath, keeping the temperature for 5-60min when the temperature in the steel sheath rises to the melting temperature of the nano-particle reinforced metal matrix composite blank, completely melting the nano-particle reinforced metal matrix composite blank, opening a pressure reducing valve, introducing inert gas, loading the melt with air pressure of 0.1-2MPa, keeping the pressure for 5-10min, taking the steel sheath out of the box-type resistance furnace, air-cooling to room temperature, and closing the pressure reducing valve and the vacuum unit.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the inert gas has a purity of 99.99%, and the inert gas comprises nitrogen, argon, helium.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of metal matrix composite material preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a nanoparticle/hollow sphere composite reinforced metal matrix composite material.

Background

The metal-based composite material is a composite material which takes metal as a matrix and takes ceramic particles, carbon nano tubes, hollow spheres, short fibers, whiskers, long fibers and the like as reinforcements, has the advantages of low density, high specific strength, high specific stiffness and the like, and is widely applied in the fields of aviation, aerospace, automobiles and the like. At present, the preparation method of the metal-based composite material mainly comprises a casting method and a powder metallurgy method, wherein the casting method is most widely applied and mainly comprises a stirring casting method and a seepage casting method.

The composite materials prepared by different reinforcements have different performance characteristics and different preparation processes, for example, nanoparticles are used as reinforcements and are generally prepared by adopting a stirring casting method, and hollow spheres are used as reinforcements and are generally prepared by adopting a seepage casting method, so that how to exert the effects of different reinforcements is a challenge to prepare high-performance metal-based composite materials in one process.

In order to prepare the nanoparticle/hollow sphere composite reinforced metal matrix composite, the existing preparation methods have defects, for example, the stirring casting method is adopted for preparation, the hollow spheres are aggregated in the metal matrix due to the density difference between the hollow spheres and the metal matrix, so that uniform dispersion is difficult to realize, and the hollow spheres are easy to break in the stirring process, so that the effect of the hollow spheres cannot be realized. The preparation method adopts a seepage casting method, so that effective dispersion of the nano particles cannot be realized, the preparation process is complex, a plurality of sets of equipment are required to realize the preparation of the material, and the preparation cost is high.

Disclosure of Invention

(1) Technical problem to be solved

The invention provides a novel preparation method for preparing the nanoparticle/hollow sphere composite reinforced metal matrix composite, overcomes the defects existing in the traditional preparation method, and provides a way for the efficient, low-cost and high-performance preparation of the nanoparticle/hollow sphere composite reinforced metal matrix composite.

(2) Technical scheme

A process for preparing the composite reinforced metal-base composition of nm particles/hollow spheres includes such steps as proportionally sealing the blank and hollow spheres in a steel ladle, separating them by a perforated plate, heating in a box-type resistance furnace while vacuumizing to maintain the vacuum degree in the steel ladle, fusing the blank to obtain fused mass, loading it by the first gas-guide tube, loading it between hollow spheres, taking out the steel ladle from the furnace, cooling, and removing the steel sheath in a machining mode to finally prepare the nano particle/hollow sphere composite reinforced metal matrix composite.

As a preferred technical scheme, the nano-particle reinforced metal matrix composite blank is prepared by adopting a stirring casting or powder metallurgy method.

As a preferable technical scheme, the mass fraction of the nano particles in the nano particle reinforced metal matrix composite blank is 0.1-10 wt%.

As a preferred technical scheme, the nano particles comprise silicon carbide nano particles and Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs), and the metal matrix comprises aluminum alloy, aluminum lithium alloy, magnesium alloy and magnesium lithium alloy.

As a preferred technical scheme, the method for adding the metal matrix composite material blank, the perforated plate and the hollow ball in the steel ladle sleeve comprises the following steps: the hollow ball, the perforated plate and the nano-particle reinforced metal matrix composite material are sequentially filled into a steel ladle sleeve and sealed by argon arc welding.

As a preferred technical scheme, the aperture of the small hole on the perforated plate is smaller than the diameter of the hollow ball.

Preferably, the hollow ball comprises SiC,Al₂O₃、Al₂O₃/SiO₂、B₄C、TiC、AlN、ZrO₂The diameter of the hollow ball is 0.5-5 mm.

As a preferred technical scheme, the specific heating operation of placing the steel sheath in a box-type resistance furnace is as follows: placing the ladle sleeve in a box-type resistance furnace, opening a vacuum unit to vacuumize the ladle sleeve until the vacuum degree is less than 10^-2And pa, continuously maintaining the vacuum degree, starting heating the steel sheath, keeping the temperature for 5-60min when the temperature in the steel sheath rises to the melting temperature of the nano-particle reinforced metal matrix composite blank, completely melting the nano-particle reinforced metal matrix composite blank, opening a pressure reducing valve, introducing inert gas, loading the melt with air pressure of 0.1-2MPa, keeping the pressure for 5-10min, taking the steel sheath out of the box-type resistance furnace, air-cooling to room temperature, and closing the pressure reducing valve and the vacuum unit. .

As a preferred technical scheme, the purity of the inert gas is 99.99%, and the inert gas comprises nitrogen, argon and helium.

(3) Advantageous effects

1. By adopting a method of combining stirring casting and seepage casting, a novel composite material reinforced by nano particles and hollow spheres can be prepared;

2. the composite material is prepared by adopting a sheathing method, the required equipment is simple, only a box-type resistance furnace is needed, and the preparation process is carried out under the vacuum condition, so that the prepared material is prevented from external pollution such as oxidation and the like, raw material combustion and the like can be avoided, the process safety of the preparation process is ensured, the process is simple, and the cost is low.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the preparation of a nanoparticle/hollow sphere composite reinforced metal matrix composite according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The device comprises a high-purity inert gas tank, a 2-pressure reducing valve, a 3-box type resistance furnace, a 4-first gas guide pipe, a 5-steel sheath, a 6-nanoparticle reinforced metal matrix composite blank, a 7-perforated plate, a 9-hollow sphere, a 9-vacuum meter, a 10-vacuum unit and a 11-second gas guide pipe.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but covers any modifications, alterations, and improvements in the parts, components, and connections without departing from the spirit of the invention.

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.