阅读说明：本技术 一种难混溶合金的制备方法及连铸设备 (Preparation method of immiscible alloy and continuous casting equipment ) 是由 李周 姜雁斌 王檬 肖柱 龚深 于 2019-11-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种难混溶合金的制备方法及连铸设备,该难混溶合金由A金属和B金属组成,且A金属的熔点低于B金属的熔点,包括如下步骤：将A金属加热至T<Sub>a</Sub>并保温,得到A熔体,将B金属加热至T<Sub>b</Sub>并保温,得到B熔体,其中T<Sub>a</Sub>小于T<Sub>b</Sub>；将上述A熔体和B熔体通过电磁搅拌混合均匀后,进入连铸水冷结晶器中通过快速凝固,制得难混溶合金。本发明所制备的难混溶合金规格范围大,表面质量良好,内部无宏观偏析、无气孔、无疏松和裂纹等缺陷,成分均匀和组织细小,具有设备简单、生产效率高、成本低、适合工业规模生产等优点。(The invention discloses a preparation method of an immiscible alloy and continuous casting equipment, wherein the immiscible alloy consists of metal A and metal B, the melting point of the metal A is lower than that of the metal B, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: heating A metal to T a And maintaining the temperature to obtain a melt A, and heating the metal B to T b And maintaining the temperature to obtain a melt B, wherein T a Less than T b (ii) a Uniformly mixing the A melt and the B melt through electromagnetic stirring, and then quickly passing through a continuous casting water-cooling crystallizerQuickly solidifying to obtain the immiscible alloy. The immiscible alloy prepared by the method has the advantages of large specification range, good surface quality, no macrosegregation, no air holes, no defects such as looseness, cracks and the like in the interior, uniform components, fine structure, simple equipment, high production efficiency, low cost, suitability for industrial scale production and the like.)

1. A method for preparing an immiscible alloy, the immiscible alloy consisting of a metal A and a metal B, the melting point of the metal A being lower than that of the metal B, the method comprising the steps of:

heating A metal to T_aAnd maintaining the temperature to obtain a melt A, and heating the metal B to T_bAnd the temperature is preserved to obtain a melt B,wherein T is_aLess than T_b；

And (3) uniformly mixing the melt A and the melt B through electromagnetic stirring, and then entering a continuous casting water-cooled crystallizer for rapid solidification to prepare the immiscible alloy.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, comprising the following specific steps:

step 1: putting A metal into a metal melting furnace A, and heating to T_aAnd preserving heat; putting the metal B into a metal melting furnace B, and heating to T_bAnd preserving heat;

step 2: after the metals in the metal melting furnace A and the metal melting furnace B are melted and reach the target temperature, the stopper rod mechanism is started, so that the melt A and the melt B respectively enter the mixing cavity through the two flow guide pipes, the induction heating equipment is started, and the mixed melt in the mixing cavity is heated, controlled in temperature and electromagnetically stirred;

and step 3: and the uniformly mixed melt enters a water-cooled crystallizer of a continuous casting machine to be continuously cast into the immiscible alloy.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the continuous casting speed is controlled to be 80mm/min-200 mm/min.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein: the immiscible alloy prepared by the continuous casting machine is in the shape of a bar, a plate, a strip, a pipe or a section.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein: the accurate control of the temperature of the mixed melt in the mixing cavity is realized by the cooperative control of the heating temperature of the induction heating equipment, the cooling strength of the water-cooling crystallization of the continuous casting machine and the throwing speed.

6. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the metal A and the metal B are selected from Fe, Cu, Co, Ag-Cu alloy, Co-Cu alloy or Fe-Cu alloy.

7. An immiscible alloy continuous casting apparatus, the immiscible alloy being composed of a metal a and a metal B, and the melting point of the metal a being lower than that of the metal B, comprising:

a metal melting furnace A for heating and melting metal A;

a metal melting furnace B for heating and melting the metal B;

the mixing cavity is respectively communicated with the liquid outlets of the metal melting furnace A and the metal melting furnace B through a guide pipe so as to mix the metal A and the metal B after being heated and melted;

the stopper rod mechanism is used for controlling the opening and closing of liquid outlets of the metal melting furnace A and the metal melting furnace B and the flow of the melt;

the induction heating equipment is used for heating and electromagnetically stirring the mixed melt in the mixing cavity;

a continuous casting machine which is butted with a liquid outlet of the mixing cavity and is used for continuously preparing immiscible alloy;

wherein the temperature of the melt in the metal melting furnace A is lower than that of the melt in the metal melting furnace B.

8. The immiscible alloy continuous casting apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: the device also comprises temperature measuring elements for measuring the temperature of the melt in the metal melting furnace A, the metal melting furnace B and the mixing cavity.

9. The immiscible alloy continuous casting apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: the continuous casting machine adopts a horizontal continuous casting machine.

10. The immiscible alloy continuous casting apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: the mixing cavity and the flow guide pipe are made of graphite or refractory materials.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of immiscible alloy material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of immiscible alloy and continuous casting equipment.

Background

The immiscible alloy has more excellent physical properties, such as higher strength, good electric and heat conductivity and magnetic properties. Therefore, the alloy has wide application prospect in the aspects of permanent magnets, high-performance electrodes and electric contact materials. Since immiscible metals exist in an immiscible region during solidification, two liquid phases of different compositions separate in the alloy liquid when the solidification temperature passes through this region. The difference in density of the two liquid phases results in an alloy that is highly susceptible to macrosegregation in the gravitational field.

In order to solve the problems of macro segregation and the like, various immiscible alloy materials are prepared at home and abroad by a spray deposition process, a powder metallurgy process, a stirring casting method and the like. In the jet deposition process, a melt is sprayed into fine liquid drops through a gas sprayer, and the metal liquid drops are cooled at a high speed and begin to solidify on a preformed target to form a granular tissue. The powder metallurgy process is to mix metal powder and then to press the powder by hot isostatic pressing equipment to prepare an immiscible alloy ingot blank with uniform structure and excellent performance. The stir casting method is a method of adding a reinforcing phase to a melt by mechanical stirring, electromagnetic stirring, or the like, and casting the resulting mixture. Although these methods can solve the segregation problem of immiscible alloys to some extent, the following problems still exist: (1) the preparation of the blank needs hot isostatic pressing equipment or spray deposition equipment, so that the equipment investment is large and the requirement is strict; (2) the stirring casting method needs to pretreat the reinforcing phase to wet the reinforcing phase with the melt; (3) the process flow is long and the working procedures are complex; (4) the produced cast ingot has limited weight and specification and lower density, and is not beneficial to subsequent cold processing forming and preparation of high-quality products; (5) low production efficiency and high cost.

Disclosure of Invention

The present application is directed to solving at least one of the problems in the prior art. Therefore, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a preparation method of an immiscible alloy and continuous casting equipment, wherein the method not only solves the problem of uneven composition and structure of the immiscible alloy in the casting process, but also can obviously improve the production efficiency and reduce the production cost, and is suitable for industrial mass production.

In order to solve the technical problem, the following technical scheme is adopted in the application:

a method for preparing an immiscible alloy consisting of a metal A and a metal B, the melting point of the metal A being lower than that of the metal B, comprising the steps of:

heating A metal to T_aAnd maintaining the temperature to obtain a melt A, and heating the metal B to T_bAnd maintaining the temperature to obtain a melt B, wherein T_aLess than T_b；

And (3) uniformly mixing the melt A and the melt B through electromagnetic stirring, and then entering a continuous casting water-cooled crystallizer for rapid solidification to prepare the immiscible alloy.

Further, the method comprises the following specific steps:

step 1: putting A metal into a metal melting furnace A, and heating to T_aAnd preserving heat; putting the metal B into a metal melting furnace B, and heating to T_bAnd preserving heat;

step 2: after the metals in the metal melting furnace A and the metal melting furnace B are melted and reach the target temperature, the stopper rod mechanism is started, so that the melt A and the melt B respectively enter the mixing cavity through the two flow guide pipes, the induction heating equipment is started, and the mixed melt in the mixing cavity is heated, controlled in temperature and electromagnetically stirred;

and step 3: and (4) feeding the uniformly mixed melt into a continuous casting machine to continuously prepare the immiscible alloy.

Furthermore, the continuous casting speed is controlled to be 80mm/min-200 mm/min.

Furthermore, the mixing cavity and the flow guide pipe are made of graphite or refractory materials.

Furthermore, the immiscible alloy prepared by the continuous casting machine is in the shape of a bar, a plate, a strip, a pipe or a section.

Furthermore, the accurate control of the temperature of the mixed melt in the mixing cavity is realized by the cooperative control of the heating temperature of the induction heating equipment, the cooling strength of the water-cooling crystallization of the continuous casting machine and the throwing speed.

Further, the A metal and the B metal are selected from Fe, Cu, Co, Ag-Cu alloy, Co-Cu alloy or Fe-Cu alloy.

An apparatus for continuously casting an immiscible alloy consisting of a metal A and a metal B, the metal A having a melting point lower than that of the metal B, comprising:

a metal melting furnace A for heating and melting metal A;

a metal melting furnace B for heating and melting the metal B;

the mixing cavity is respectively communicated with the liquid outlets of the metal melting furnace A and the metal melting furnace B through a guide pipe so as to mix the metal A and the metal B after being heated and melted;

the stopper rod mechanism is used for controlling the opening and closing of liquid outlets of the metal melting furnace A and the metal melting furnace B and the size of melt flow;

the induction heating equipment is used for heating and electromagnetically stirring the mixed melt in the mixing cavity;

a continuous casting machine which is butted with a liquid outlet of the mixing cavity and is used for continuously preparing immiscible alloy;

wherein the temperature of the melt in the metal melting furnace A is lower than that of the melt in the metal melting furnace B.

Furthermore, the device also comprises temperature measuring elements for measuring the temperature of the melts in the metal melting furnace A, the metal melting furnace B and the mixing cavity.

Further, the continuous casting machine adopts a horizontal continuous casting machine.

Furthermore, the mixing cavity and the flow guide pipe are made of graphite or refractory materials.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. the mixed casting technology provided by the invention adopts two melting systems to independently melt and accurately control the temperature of two immiscible metals A and B respectively, and mixes the melt A (molten metal) and the melt B (molten metal) in a mixing cavity through a stopper rod control mechanism, so that the melt A with lower temperature quickly cools the melt B, the viscosity of the mixed melt is improved, and the macro segregation phenomenon caused by the phase separation of the melt A and the melt B can be inhibited; on the other hand, the stopper rod control mechanism can respectively regulate and control the flow rate of the A melt and the B melt, so that the two metal liquids are mixed according to a set proportion, and the accurate control of the components of the mixed melt is realized.

2. The invention adopts an induction heating mode to accurately control the temperature and electromagnetically stir the mixed melt in the mixing cavity, so that the components of the mixed melt are more uniform, and the microsegregation is reduced.

3. The invention adopts the water-cooling crystallization system, so that the mixed melt passes through the water-cooling crystallization system to achieve the purpose of rapid solidification, and the invention is beneficial to inhibiting macrosegregation and refining the structure.

4. The horizontal continuous casting mode is adopted, so that the equipment installation, debugging and production operation are convenient, continuous casting forming of the immiscible alloy with any length can be realized by the aid of the saw cutting device and the curling device behind the traction device, the automatic continuous production is facilitated, and the production efficiency is high.

In conclusion, the invention provides a concept of mixing two immiscible metal melts with large temperature difference on the basis of the traditional casting method, and invents horizontal continuous casting equipment and process of immiscible alloy through the temperature field control and the electromagnetic stirring effect of the mixed melt, thereby solving the problems of large equipment investment, long process, limited product specification, low production efficiency, high cost and the like of the existing production process.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure of a Cu-10 wt.% Fe composite prepared by a conventional fusion casting method;

FIG. 3 shows the metallographic structure of the Cu-Fe composite material prepared in example 1.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, a continuous casting apparatus for immiscible alloy, the immiscible alloy is composed of metal a and metal B, and the melting point of metal a is lower than that of metal B, the continuous casting apparatus includes a metal melting furnace a1 for heating and melting metal a, a metal melting furnace B6 for heating and melting metal B, a mixing chamber 10 respectively communicated with the liquid outlets of metal melting furnace a1 and metal melting furnace B6 through a flow guide pipe 9, so as to mix metal a and metal B after heating and melting, a first stopper mechanism 1 and a second stopper mechanism 5 for controlling the on-off of the liquid outlets of metal melting furnace a1 and metal melting furnace B6, an induction heating apparatus 11 for heating and electromagnetically stirring the mixed melt in mixing chamber 10, and a continuous casting machine for continuously preparing immiscible alloy.

It is understood that the metal melting furnace a1 and the metal melting furnace B6 may be induction melting furnaces, but other types of metal melting furnaces may be used, and will not be described herein.

Referring to fig. 1, the continuous casting equipment independently melts metal a and metal B by using a metal melting furnace a1 and a metal melting furnace B6, and controls the flow rates of metal a and metal B by using a stopper rod, so that the metal a and the metal B are mixed according to a set ratio.

The metal A and the metal B can be selected from Fe, Cu, Co, Ag-Cu alloy, Co-Cu alloy or Fe-Cu alloy, and of course, the metal A and the metal B can also be other metals and only need to correspond to immiscible alloy components to be prepared.

Referring to fig. 1, it should be explained that, in order to accurately control the temperature of the melt in the metal melting furnace a1, the metal melting furnace B6 and the mixing cavity 10, temperature measuring elements 4, 8 and 12 for measuring the temperature of the melt are respectively arranged on the metal melting furnace a1, the metal melting furnace B6 and the mixing cavity 10, the temperature measuring elements are connected with the heating systems of the corresponding parts through wires, the temperature measuring elements feed back the measured temperature signals to the heating systems, and further the heating amount of the heating systems is controlled to realize accurate adjustment of the temperature of the melt. The continuous casting equipment can uniformly mix the metal liquid A and the metal liquid B which are immiscible into each other into the alloy liquid with the target component through the comprehensive action of the accurate control of the temperature of the metal liquid in the mixing cavity and the electromagnetic stirring.

In practical application, for the convenience of improving equipment installation, debugging and production and being convenient for automatic continuous production, the conticaster adopts horizontal conticaster, and horizontal conticaster comprises water-cooled crystallization device 13 once, water spray secondary cooling device 14, horizontal draw gear 15, saw cuts the device 16 and constitutes, and water spray secondary cooling device 14, horizontal draw gear 15, saw cut the device 16 and set gradually at water-cooled crystallization device's the other end once and along continuous casting direction distribution on same axis. The primary water-cooling crystallization device is used for quickly solidifying and efficiently continuously casting the mixed molten metal; the secondary cooling water system is arranged between the primary water-cooling crystallization device and the traction device and is used for further cooling the solidified alloy, preventing the alloy from being excessively oxidized and further improving the cooling capacity of the continuous casting system; the drawing device is used for continuously drawing out the solidified forming alloy.

Specifically, because the mixing chamber 10 and the draft tube 9 directly contact the high-temperature melt, the mixing chamber 10 and the draft tube 9 need to be made of graphite or refractory materials which are resistant to high temperature and do not react with the melt.

The melting furnace comprises a furnace shell, a graphite mold arranged in the furnace shell and an induction heating coil positioned outside the graphite mold, wherein an inner cavity of the graphite mold forms a smelting cavity for smelting metal, and an outlet communicated with a flow guide pipe is arranged at the bottom of the graphite mold to form a liquid outlet of the melting furnace.

The stopper rod of the stopper rod mechanism is inserted into the graphite mold and driven by the lifting structure to move up and down relative to the graphite mold, and the opening and closing of the metal melt inlet and the regulation of the metal melt flow are realized by controlling the lifting displacement of the stopper rod. The specific components of the stopper rod and the lifting structure are all the prior art, and are not described herein again.

A method for preparing immiscible alloy by using the immiscible alloy horizontal continuous casting equipment comprises the following process steps:

step 1: and (4) placing the graphite mold into a furnace body for fixing, and then assembling the graphite mold with the flow guide pipe. And after the mixing cavity is placed into an induction heating coil for fixing, the assembled guide pipe is inserted into the mixing cavity for assembly.

Step 2: putting A metal into a metal melting furnace A, and heating to T_aAnd preserving heat; putting the metal B into a metal melting furnace B, and heating to T_bAnd preserving the heat.

And step 3: after the metals in the metal melting furnace A and the metal melting furnace B are melted and reach the target temperature, the stopper rod mechanism is started, so that the melt A and the melt B respectively enter the mixing cavity through the two flow guide pipes; and starting the induction heating equipment to control the temperature and electromagnetically stir the mixed melt in the mixing cavity.

And 4, step 4: and the mixed molten metal enters a horizontal continuous casting machine through a mixing cavity to continuously prepare the immiscible alloy material.

The immiscible alloy prepared by the horizontal continuous casting machine can be in the shape of a bar, a plate, a strip, a pipe or a section.

The precise control of the temperature of the mixed melt in the mixing cavity is realized by the cooperative control of the heating temperature of the induction heater, the cooling strength of the primary water-cooling crystallization device and the blank drawing speed.

The two immiscible alloys are respectively melted in respective melting systems, enter a mixing cavity through a guide pipe to be mixed, and then are injected into a water-cooling crystallization system of a horizontal continuous casting machine to be rapidly solidified and continuously cast. Two melting systems are adopted to independently melt and accurately control the temperature of two immiscible alloys respectively, and the flow rates of the metal liquid A and the metal liquid B are regulated and controlled by a stopper rod, so that the two metal liquids are mixed according to a set proportion; the mixed melt in the mixing cavity is subjected to accurate temperature control and electromagnetic stirring in an induction heating mode, so that the components of the mixed melt are uniform, and the macro segregation is inhibited; the horizontal continuous casting water-cooling crystallization system can realize rapid solidification, refine the structure and improve the casting efficiency.

The immiscible alloy prepared by the invention has the advantages of large specification range, good surface quality, no macrosegregation, no air holes, no defects such as looseness, cracks and the like in the interior, uniform components, fine structure, simple equipment, high production efficiency, low cost, suitability for industrial scale production and the like.

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.