阅读说明：本技术 一种Mo2N纳米材料的制备方法 (Mo2Preparation method of N nano material ) 是由 陈青云 吴晓璇 候军杰 杨桃 于 2021-07-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种Mo-2N纳米材料的制备方法,包括：将Na-2MoO-4·2H-2O和C-2N-4H-4混合均匀,得到混合物；将混合物压制成圆柱形颗粒,然后将其放入带盖的刚玉坩埚中,在180～220℃下处理25～35min,然后在马弗炉中以5～7℃/min的加热速率加热至500～700℃,保温烧结1～3h,自然冷却至室温,然后用80～100℃的热水通过搅拌和离心洗涤3～5次,干燥,得到Mo-2N纳米材料。本发明以Na-2MoO-4和C-2N-4H-4为金属和氮源原料合成Mo-2N纳米颗粒,所用原料区别于其它制备方法为无毒氮源；本发明在常规空气条件下,无需长时间的真空或其它气氛保护,成本低。本发明在空气条件下500～700℃的低温下可以成功制备氮化钼纳米粒子,这远低于其他方法使用的温度；并且将本发明制备的Mo-2N纳米颗粒应用于加氢脱氧催化剂,其催化效果显著。(The invention discloses Mo 2 The preparation method of the N nanometer material comprises the following steps: mixing Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O and C 2 N 4 H 4 Mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture; pressing the mixture into cylindrical particles, then placing the cylindrical particles into a corundum crucible with a cover, treating the cylindrical particles at 180-220 ℃ for 25-35 min, then heating the cylindrical particles to 500-700 ℃ in a muffle furnace at a heating rate of 5-7 ℃/min, carrying out heat preservation sintering for 1-3 h, naturally cooling the cylindrical particles to room temperature, then stirring and centrifugally washing the cylindrical particles for 3-5 times by using hot water at 80-100 ℃, and drying to obtain Mo 2 And (3) N nano materials. The invention uses Na 2 MoO 4 And C 2 N 4 H 4 Synthesis of Mo for metal and nitrogen source raw materials 2 N nano-particles, wherein the used raw materials are nontoxic nitrogen sources different from other preparation methods; the invention does not need long-time vacuum or other atmosphere protection under the conventional air condition, and has low cost. The invention is inThe molybdenum nitride nano particles can be successfully prepared at the low temperature of 500-700 ℃ in the air, which is far lower than the temperature used by other methods; and Mo prepared by the invention 2 The N nano-particles are applied to the hydrodeoxygenation catalyst, and the catalytic effect is remarkable.)

1. Mo₂The preparation method of the N nano material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step one, adding Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄Mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture;

pressing the mixture into cylindrical particles, then placing the cylindrical particles into a corundum crucible with a cover, treating the cylindrical particles at 180-220 ℃ for 25-35 min, then heating the cylindrical particles to 500-700 ℃ in a muffle furnace at a heating rate of 5-7 ℃/min, preserving heat, sintering the cylindrical particles for 1-3 h, naturally cooling the cylindrical particles to room temperature, then stirring and centrifugally washing the cylindrical particles for 3-5 times by using hot water at 80-100 ℃, and drying the cylindrical particles to obtain Mo₂And (3) N nano materials.

2. Mo according to claim 1₂The preparation method of the N nano material is characterized in that in the step one, Na is added₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄The molar ratio of (A) to (B) is 2-4: 4.5-6.5.

3. As claimed in claim 1Mo in the above₂The preparation method of the N nano material is characterized in that in the step one, Na is added₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄The mode of mixing evenly is low-temperature grinding and mixing, and the process is as follows: mixing Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄Adding ceramic grinding balls into a ball milling tank, introducing liquid nitrogen into the ball milling tank to ensure that Na is contained₂MoO₄·2H₂O、C₂N₄H₄And the ceramic grinding ball is completely immersed in liquid nitrogen; carrying out ball milling for 2-4 hours after keeping the temperature for 5min to obtain a mixture; the diameter of the ceramic grinding ball is 3-5 mm; the Na is₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄The mass ratio of the total amount of the grinding balls to the ceramic grinding balls is 1: 8-10; the rotation speed for ball milling is 200-500 r/min.

4. Mo according to claim 1₂The preparation method of the N nano material is characterized in that in the second step, the pressure for pressing the mixture into the cylindrical particles is 200-400 tons/cm²。

5. Mo according to claim 1₂The preparation method of the N nano material is characterized in that in the step one, the obtained mixture is reprocessed, and the method comprises the following steps: placing the mixture in a low-temperature plasma processor for processing for 10 min; the atmosphere of the low-temperature plasma treatment instrument is a mixed gas of ammonia and nitrogen in a volume ratio of 1: 2; the frequency of the low-temperature plasma treatment instrument is 35-70 KHz, the power is 80-150W, and the pressure of the mixed gas is 15-35 Pa.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a preparation method of a nano material, in particular to Mo₂A preparation method of N nano material.

Background

Mo₂N has high hardness, low resistivity and excellent chemical and thermal stability, so that the N has important application prospects in the aspects of hard materials, catalysts, energy storage and conversion materials and the like.

Mo₂N is prepared by using conventional synthetic routes, e.g. ammonia reduction of Mo or Mo-containing precursors (e.g. MoCl)₆、MoO₃、MoO₂、MoS₂And Mo₂C) In that respect However, these methods are not environmentally friendly in terms of the toxic nitrogen source (ammonia) used.

Solid state reactions are effective for converting metal halides or oxides to the corresponding metal nitrides using urea, melamine, cyanamide, and ammonium cyanamide as nitriding agents. A particular advantage of this synthetic method is that the prepared sample consists of small nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution. However, these methods are expensive because the process has hitherto been carried out in an inert atmosphere or vacuum to prevent oxidation of the material and the synthesis temperature is above 800 ℃, which limits its application on an industrial scale, and it is not clear whether the carbon and hydrogen in these organic compounds are highly efficient reducing agents and still initiate the reaction to reduce the oxide and then nitrate the metal under normal atmospheric conditions. In previous researches, WN nano materials with high quality have been successfully synthesized by using a non-toxic nitrogen source and adopting a solid-state reaction method in the atmosphere. The invention synthesizes Mo under the condition of normal air₂N nanoparticles of Na₂MoO₄And C₂N₄H₄Is a metal and nitrogen source raw material. The invention discovers that the molybdenum nitride nano particles can be successfully prepared at the low temperature of 550 ℃ under the air condition, which is far lower than the temperature used by other methods; and Mo prepared by the invention₂The N nano-particles are applied to the hydrodeoxygenation catalyst, and the catalytic effect is remarkable.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.

To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the invention, a Mo is provided₂The preparation method of the N nano material comprises the following steps:

step one, adding Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄Mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture;

pressing the mixture into cylindrical particles, then placing the cylindrical particles into a corundum crucible with a cover, treating the cylindrical particles at 180-220 ℃ for 25-35 min, then heating the cylindrical particles to 500-700 ℃ in a muffle furnace at a heating rate of 5-7 ℃/min, preserving heat, sintering the cylindrical particles for 1-3 h, naturally cooling the cylindrical particles to room temperature, then stirring and centrifugally washing the cylindrical particles for 3-5 times by using hot water at 80-100 ℃, and drying the cylindrical particles to obtain Mo₂And (3) N nano materials.

Preferably, in the first step, Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄The molar ratio of (A) to (B) is 2-4: 4.5-6.5.

Preferably, in the first step, Na is added₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄The mode of mixing evenly is low-temperature grinding and mixing, and the process is as follows: mixing Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄Adding ceramic grinding balls into a ball milling tank, introducing liquid nitrogen into the ball milling tank to ensure that Na is contained₂MoO₄·2H₂O、C₂N₄H₄And the ceramic grinding ball is completely immersed in liquid nitrogen; carrying out ball milling for 2-4 hours after keeping the temperature for 5min to obtain a mixture; the diameter of the ceramic grinding ball is 3-5 mm; the Na is₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄The mass ratio of the total amount of the grinding balls to the ceramic grinding balls is 1: 8-10; the rotation speed for ball milling is 200-500 r/min.

Preferably, in the second step, the pressure for pressing the mixture into the cylindrical particles is 200 to 400 tons/cm²。

Preferably, in the first step, the obtained mixture is reprocessed by: placing the mixture in a low-temperature plasma processor for processing for 10 min; the atmosphere of the low-temperature plasma treatment instrument is a mixed gas of ammonia and nitrogen in a volume ratio of 1: 2; the frequency of the low-temperature plasma treatment instrument is 35-70 KHz, the power is 80-150W, and the pressure of the mixed gas is 15-35 Pa.

The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:

the invention synthesizes Mo under the conventional air condition₂N nanoparticles of Na₂MoO₄And C₂N₄H₄The raw materials are metal and nitrogen source raw materials, the preparation does not need atmosphere protection, the cost is low, the used raw materials are nontoxic nitrogen sources, and the environment is protected; the invention discovers that the molybdenum nitride nano particles can be successfully prepared at the low temperature of 500-700 ℃ in the air condition, which is far lower than the temperature used by other methods; and Mo prepared by the invention₂The N nano-particles are applied to the hydrodeoxygenation catalyst, and the catalytic effect is remarkable.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 shows Na of the present invention₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄TGA profile of the mixture of (a);

FIG. 2 is an XRD pattern of materials prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention and comparative example 1;

FIG. 3 is C₂N₄H₄XRD patterns after calcination at different temperatures;

FIG. 4 is an XRD pattern of the material prepared in example 3 of the present invention before and after washing;

FIG. 5 is SEM and TEM images of materials prepared in examples 1-3 of the present invention.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.

It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.

Example 1:

mo₂The preparation method of the N nano material comprises the following steps:

step one, adding Na with a molar ratio of 3:5₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄Mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture; mixing Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄The mode of mixing evenly is low-temperature grinding and mixing, and the process is as follows: mixing Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄Adding ceramic grinding balls into a ball milling tank, introducing liquid nitrogen into the ball milling tank to ensure that Na is contained₂MoO₄·2H₂O、C₂N₄H₄And the ceramic grinding ball is completely immersed in liquid nitrogen; ball milling is started after the constant temperature is kept for 5min, and the ball milling is carried out for 3 hours to obtain a mixture; the diameter of the ceramic grinding ball is 3 mm; the Na is₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄The mass ratio of the total amount of the grinding balls to the ceramic grinding balls is 1: 10; the rotation speed adopted by ball milling is 300 r/min;

step two, mixing the mixture at 200 tons/cm²Pressing into cylindrical particles, placing into a corundum crucible with a cover, treating at 200 deg.C for 30min, heating to 500 deg.C in a muffle furnace at a heating rate of 6 deg.C/min, sintering for 2h, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing with 90 deg.C hot water by stirring and centrifuging for 3 times, and drying to obtain Mo₂N nano material;

mo prepared in this example₂Preparing a catalyst from the N nano material, and using the catalyst to catalyze the selective hydrodeoxygenation reaction of the guaiacol; the process is as follows: 1.5g of Mo₂Adding the N nano material into 100mL of water, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min (ultrasonic frequency is 65kHz) to obtain a dispersion liquid; adding 5g of large-aperture mesoporous molecular sieve ZSM-5 (with aperture of 10-20 nm, commercially available) into the dispersion, heating to 80 deg.C, maintaining the temperature, pressurizing, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 60min (the pressure of the pressurized ultrasonic is 2Mpa, the frequency is 65kHz), separating and drying to obtain the catalyst;

performance testing of the catalyst: using guaiacol as raw material, adding hydrogen to make catalytic reaction in the presence of solvent and catalyst (the mass ratio of guaiacol to n-decane as solvent is 1: 100), i.e. adding 0.2g of catalyst in fixed bed reactor, Liquid Hourly Space Velocity (LHSV) of reaction raw material is 5h^-1Filling hydrogen to make the reaction pressure of the reaction system reach 2.0MPa, heating the reaction furnace to make the reaction temperature reach 350 ℃ for reaction, taking out the reaction product, and analyzing by gas chromatography; the conversion rate of the guaiacol is 92 percent; the yield of benzene is 80%;

example 2:

mo₂The preparation method of the N nano material comprises the following steps:

step one, adding Na with a molar ratio of 3:5₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄Mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture; mixing Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄The mode of mixing evenly is low-temperature grinding and mixing, and the process is as follows: mixing Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄Adding ceramic grinding balls into a ball milling tank, introducing liquid nitrogen into the ball milling tank to ensure that Na is contained₂MoO₄·2H₂O、C₂N₄H₄And the ceramic grinding ball is completely immersed in liquid nitrogen; ball milling is started after the constant temperature is kept for 5min, and the ball milling is carried out for 3 hours to obtain a mixture; the diameter of the ceramic grinding ball is 3 mm; the Na is₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄The mass ratio of the total amount of the grinding balls to the ceramic grinding balls is 1: 10; the rotation speed adopted by ball milling is 300 r/min;

step two, mixing the mixture at 200 tons/cm²Pressing into cylindrical granules, placing into corundum crucible with cover, treating at 200 deg.C for 30min, heating to 600 deg.C in muffle furnace at heating rate of 6 deg.C/min, sintering for 2h, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing with 90 deg.C hot water by stirring and centrifuging for 3 times,drying to obtain Mo₂N nano material;

mo prepared in this example₂Preparing a catalyst from the N nano material, and using the catalyst to catalyze the selective hydrodeoxygenation reaction of the guaiacol; the process is as follows: 1.5g of Mo₂Adding the N nano material into 100mL of water, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min (ultrasonic frequency is 65kHz) to obtain a dispersion liquid; adding 5g of large-aperture mesoporous molecular sieve ZSM-5 (with aperture of 10-20 nm, commercially available) into the dispersion, heating to 80 ℃, carrying out heat preservation and pressure ultrasound for 60min (with pressure of 2Mpa and frequency of 65kHz), separating, and drying to obtain a catalyst;

performance testing of the catalyst: using guaiacol as raw material, adding hydrogen to make catalytic reaction in the presence of solvent and catalyst (the mass ratio of guaiacol to n-decane as solvent is 1: 100), i.e. adding 0.2g of catalyst in fixed bed reactor, Liquid Hourly Space Velocity (LHSV) of reaction raw material is 5h^-1Filling hydrogen to make the reaction pressure of the reaction system reach 2.0MPa, heating the reaction furnace to make the reaction temperature reach 350 ℃ for reaction, finally taking out the reaction product, and adopting gas chromatography for analysis; the conversion rate of the guaiacol obtained is 93%; the yield of benzene is 82%;

example 3:

mo₂The preparation method of the N nano material comprises the following steps:

step one, adding Na with a molar ratio of 3:5₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄Mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture; mixing Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄The mode of mixing evenly is low-temperature grinding and mixing, and the process is as follows: mixing Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄Adding ceramic grinding balls into a ball milling tank, introducing liquid nitrogen into the ball milling tank to ensure that Na is contained₂MoO₄·2H₂O、C₂N₄H₄And the ceramic grinding ball is completely immersed in liquid nitrogen; ball milling is started after the constant temperature is kept for 5min, and the ball milling is carried out for 3 hours to obtain a mixture; the diameter of the ceramic grinding ball is 3 mm; the Na is₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄The mass ratio of the total amount of the grinding balls to the ceramic grinding balls is 1: 10; the rotation speed adopted by ball milling is 300 r/min;

step two, mixing the mixture at 200 tons/cm²Pressing into cylindrical particles, placing into a corundum crucible with a cover, treating at 200 deg.C for 30min, heating to 700 deg.C in a muffle furnace at a heating rate of 6 deg.C/min, sintering for 2h, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing with 90 deg.C hot water by stirring and centrifuging for 3 times, and drying to obtain Mo₂N nano material;

mo prepared in this example₂Preparing a catalyst from the N nano material, and using the catalyst to catalyze the selective hydrodeoxygenation reaction of the guaiacol; the process is as follows: 1.5g of Mo₂Adding the N nano material into 100mL of water, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min (ultrasonic frequency is 65kHz) to obtain a dispersion liquid; adding 5g of large-aperture mesoporous molecular sieve ZSM-5 (with aperture of 10-20 nm, commercially available) into the dispersion, heating to 80 ℃, carrying out heat preservation and pressure ultrasound for 60min (with pressure of 2Mpa and frequency of 65kHz), separating, and drying to obtain a catalyst;

performance testing of the catalyst: using guaiacol as raw material, adding hydrogen to make catalytic reaction in the presence of solvent and catalyst (the mass ratio of guaiacol to n-decane as solvent is 1: 100), i.e. adding 0.2g of catalyst in fixed bed reactor, Liquid Hourly Space Velocity (LHSV) of reaction raw material is 5h^-1Filling hydrogen to make the reaction pressure of the reaction system reach 2.0MPa, heating the reaction furnace to make the reaction temperature reach 350 ℃ for reaction, finally taking out the reaction product, and adopting gas chromatography for analysis; the conversion rate of the guaiacol obtained is 94%; the yield of benzene is 83 percent;

example 4:

mo₂The preparation method of the N nano material comprises the following steps:

step one, adding Na with a molar ratio of 3:5₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄Mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture; placing the mixture in a low-temperature plasma processor for processing for 10 min; the atmosphere of the low-temperature plasma treatment instrument is a mixed gas of ammonia and nitrogen in a volume ratio of 1: 2; said lowThe frequency of the warm plasma processor is 45KHz, the power is 120W, and the pressure of the mixed gas is 20 Pa; mixing Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄The mode of mixing evenly is low-temperature grinding and mixing, and the process is as follows: mixing Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄Adding ceramic grinding balls into a ball milling tank, introducing liquid nitrogen into the ball milling tank to ensure that Na is contained₂MoO₄·2H₂O、C₂N₄H₄And the ceramic grinding ball is completely immersed in liquid nitrogen; ball milling is started after the constant temperature is kept for 5min, and the ball milling is carried out for 3 hours to obtain a mixture; the diameter of the ceramic grinding ball is 3 mm; the Na is₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄The mass ratio of the total amount of the grinding balls to the ceramic grinding balls is 1: 10; the rotation speed adopted by ball milling is 300 r/min;

step two, mixing the mixture at 200 tons/cm²Pressing into cylindrical particles, placing into a corundum crucible with a cover, treating at 200 deg.C for 30min, heating to 500 deg.C in a muffle furnace at a heating rate of 6 deg.C/min, sintering for 2h, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing with 90 deg.C hot water by stirring and centrifuging for 3 times, and drying to obtain Mo₂N nano material;

mo prepared in this example₂Preparing a catalyst from the N nano material, and using the catalyst to catalyze the selective hydrodeoxygenation reaction of the guaiacol; the process is as follows: 1.5g of Mo₂Adding the N nano material into 100mL of water, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min (ultrasonic frequency is 65kHz) to obtain a dispersion liquid; adding 5g of large-aperture mesoporous molecular sieve ZSM-5 (with aperture of 10-20 nm, commercially available) into the dispersion, heating to 80 ℃, carrying out heat preservation and pressure ultrasound for 60min (with pressure of 2Mpa and frequency of 65kHz), separating, and drying to obtain a catalyst;

performance testing of the catalyst: using guaiacol as raw material, adding hydrogen to make catalytic reaction in the presence of solvent and catalyst (the mass ratio of guaiacol to n-decane as solvent is 1: 100), i.e. adding 0.2g of catalyst in fixed bed reactor, Liquid Hourly Space Velocity (LHSV) of reaction raw material is 5h^-1By charging hydrogen gasHeating the reaction furnace to make the reaction temperature reach 350 ℃ for reaction when the reaction pressure of the reaction system reaches 2.0MPa, and finally taking out a reaction product for gas chromatographic analysis; the conversion rate of the guaiacol is 99%; the benzene yield is 94%;

comparative example 1:

mo₂The preparation method of the C nano material comprises the following steps:

step one, adding Na with a molar ratio of 3:5₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄Mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture; mixing Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄The mode of mixing evenly is low-temperature grinding and mixing, and the process is as follows: mixing Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄Adding ceramic grinding balls into a ball milling tank, introducing liquid nitrogen into the ball milling tank to ensure that Na is contained₂MoO₄·2H₂O、C₂N₄H₄And the ceramic grinding ball is completely immersed in liquid nitrogen; ball milling is started after the constant temperature is kept for 5min, and the ball milling is carried out for 3 hours to obtain a mixture; the diameter of the ceramic grinding ball is 3 mm; the Na is₂MoO₄·2H₂O and C₂N₄H₄The mass ratio of the total amount of the grinding balls to the ceramic grinding balls is 1: 10; the rotation speed adopted by ball milling is 300 r/min;

step two, mixing the mixture at 200 tons/cm²Pressing into cylindrical particles, placing into a corundum crucible with a cover, treating at 200 deg.C for 30min, heating to 800 deg.C in a muffle furnace at a heating rate of 6 deg.C/min, sintering for 2h, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing with 90 deg.C hot water by stirring and centrifuging for 3 times, and drying to obtain Mo₂C, nano material;

mo prepared in this example₂C, preparing a catalyst from the nano material, and using the catalyst to catalyze the selective hydrogenation and deoxidation reaction of the guaiacol; the process is as follows: 1.5g of Mo₂Adding the C nano material into 100mL of water, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min (ultrasonic frequency is 65kHz) to obtain a dispersion liquid; adding 5g of large-aperture mesoporous molecular sieve ZSM-5 (with aperture of 10-20 nm, commercially available) into the dispersion, and heatingMaintaining the temperature at 80 deg.C, performing ultrasonic treatment under 2Mpa and 65kHz for 60min, separating, and oven drying to obtain catalyst;

performance testing of the catalyst: using guaiacol as raw material, adding hydrogen to make catalytic reaction in the presence of solvent and catalyst (the mass ratio of guaiacol to n-decane as solvent is 1: 100), i.e. adding 0.2g of catalyst in fixed bed reactor, Liquid Hourly Space Velocity (LHSV) of reaction raw material is 5h^-1Filling hydrogen to make the reaction pressure of the reaction system reach 2.0MPa, heating the reaction furnace to make the reaction temperature reach 350 ℃ for reaction, taking out the reaction product, and analyzing by gas chromatography; the conversion rate of the guaiacol is 85 percent; the yield of benzene is 72 percent;

to understand the reaction course of the starting mixture, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the mixture was performed in air at a ramp rate of 10 ℃/min from 20 ℃ to 800 ℃. The TGA profile obtained is shown in FIG. 1; the weight loss in the temperature range of 80-130 ℃ can be attributed to the presence of water of crystallization in Na₂MoO₄Dehydration in (1). The weight loss of 210 ℃ is the volatilization of amino groups, moisture, impurities, and then condensation to melamine. And the weight loss at 320 ℃ is associated with the rearrangement of melamine to form melem. Finally, the weight curve remains almost unchanged at-500 ℃. In addition, the weight loss ratio in the temperature range of 320-500 ℃ condenses melem to C₃N₄The weight loss is much greater (-16% of theory). Therefore, the weight loss may be a comprehensive expression of the following reactions (1) to (3). It can be seen that different materials show different thermal decomposition behavior, but Mo can be obtained finally₂N；

3C₂H₄N₄→2C₃H₆N₆ (1)

2C₃H₆N₆→C₆H₆N₁₀+2NH₃↑ (2)

2Na₂MoO₄+C₆H₆N₁₀→2Na₂CO₃+Mo₂N+2NH₃↑+CO₂↑+3.5N₂↑ (3)

FIG. 2 shows XRD of the products of examples 1-3 and comparative example 1. The color of the sample calcined at a temperature higher than 500-700 ℃ turned black, indicating that some reaction occurred. To understand the reaction, the XRD patterns of the run products calcined at 700 ℃ were examined as an example. As shown in fig. 4, the run product consisted of three major phases: na (Na)₂MoO₄·2H₂O、Na₂CO₃(PDF #37-0451) and Mo₂N (PDF # 25-1366). After washing with water, pure phase Mo was detected in the samples calcined at temperatures below 800 deg.C₂And N is added. And the diffraction peak is obviously increased along with the increase of the temperature, which shows that Mo₂The crystallinity of N is improved. The run product of the sample was Mo at a high temperature of 800 deg.C (comparative example 1)₂C, this may be a comprehensive representation of reactions (4) to (6). The main reason is that melem decomposes into C under high temperature conditions₃N₄With Na₂MoO₄Reaction to Mo₂C. This indicates C₂H₄N₄Is to synthesize Mo under the air condition₂N and Mo₂A good nitrogen precursor of C.

C₆H₆N₁₀→2C₃N₄+2NH₃↑ (4)

Na₂MoO₄+C₃N₄→Na₂CO₃+Mo₂C+CO↑+2N₂↑ (5)

C₃N₄+3O₂→2N₂+3CO₂ (6)

To characterize Mo₂The morphology of N is shown in FIG. 5, and FIG. 5(a) shows Mo prepared in example 1₂SEM of N; FIG. 5(b) shows Mo prepared in example 2₂SEM of N; FIG. 5(c) shows Mo prepared in example 3₂SEM of N; FIG. 5(d) shows Mo prepared in example 1₂TEM of N; FIG. 5(e) shows Mo prepared in example 2₂TEM of N; FIG. 5(f) shows Mo prepared in example 3₂N. Mo₂N is characterized by the quasi-spherical shape of the highly aggregated nanoparticlesState. Mo obtained at lower temperatures, as shown in FIG. 5(d)₂N is in a nanoparticle form and slightly aggregated, the particle size is within the range of 3-8 nm, and the average particle size is about 5.2 nm; mo obtained at higher temperatures₂N shows a lamellar morphology (fig. 5(f)), assembled from very small particles (-5 nm), clearly observable in high magnification TEM images. In general, Mo increases with sintering temperature₂The agglomeration of N becomes less pronounced.

While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.