阅读说明：本技术 一种改善再生铝合金中富铁相形态的塑形加工方法 (Shaping processing method for improving iron-rich phase form in regenerated aluminum alloy ) 是由 陈胜迁 邓春丽 汪风珍 于 2018-06-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种再生铝合金中富铁相形态的塑形加工方法,再生铝合金中富铁相形态的塑形加工方法由下述5步组成：1是利用稀盐酸清洗再生铝表面；2是利用石灰石粉造渣；3是添加锰剂和硼剂改善再生铝加工性能；4是改变挤压模具中的挤出口直径和挤压压力比获得最佳加工参数；5是热压改善再生铝的工艺性能,再生铝合金中富铁相形态的塑形加工方法通过降低再生铝中的铁含量,利用石灰石造渣,利用助剂改善加工性能,这样获得加工成本低,而产品性能优良的铝制品。(A shaping processing method of an iron-rich phase form in a regenerated aluminum alloy comprises the following 5 steps: 1, cleaning the surface of the secondary aluminum by using dilute hydrochloric acid; 2, slagging by using limestone powder; 3, adding a manganese agent and a boron agent to improve the processability of the secondary aluminum; 4, changing the diameter of an extrusion opening in the extrusion die and the extrusion pressure ratio to obtain the optimal processing parameters; and 5, the technological property of the regenerated aluminum is improved by hot pressing, and the molding processing method of the iron-rich phase form in the regenerated aluminum alloy reduces the iron content in the regenerated aluminum, utilizes limestone to slag and utilizes an auxiliary agent to improve the processing property, so that the aluminum product with low processing cost and excellent product performance is obtained.)

1. A shaping processing method of a rich iron phase form in a regenerated aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the shaping processing method of the iron-rich phase form in the regenerated aluminum alloy comprises the following processes:

no.1, cleaning, before entering a smelting furnace, reducing the iron content and the aluminum oxide content in the secondary aluminum and cleaning oil stains, washing for 1 ~ 3 minutes by using dilute hydrochloric acid according to different sources of the secondary aluminum and the surface color of the secondary aluminum, wherein the dilute hydrochloric acid is a hydrogen chloride solution with the mass fraction of less than 20%, the grey length is deep according to the grey length and the source of the surface color of the secondary aluminum during washing, the time for industrial application needs a few times, the surface brightness is high, and the aluminum alloy door and window only needs to be brushed for a short time or only brushes grease and dirt;

no.2, slagging, namely adding limestone powder during heating, wherein the limestone powder and silicon, iron and aluminum oxide in aluminum alloy react chemically to form slag, slag materials float on the surface of a secondary aluminum melt, the content of iron and silicon in the secondary aluminum is reduced, the product performance is improved, the limestone powder is added to the surface of the secondary aluminum melt in the state of the secondary aluminum melt and is uniformly spread as much as possible, and the limestone powder is added for 2 ~ 3 times according to the volume of the secondary aluminum melt;

no. 3: adding an auxiliary agent, namely adding Mn and B alloy elements, and adding the Mn and B alloy elements by the following steps:

step1, heating the secondary aluminum to 760-800 ℃;

step2, adding a manganese agent with the Mn/Fe mass ratio of 0.3-0.65 at 250 ℃, and slowly stirring; the manganese agent is Al-Mn intermediate alloy or consists of Al-Mn intermediate alloy and one or two of Al-Cr intermediate alloy and Al-Co intermediate alloy;

step3, adding secondary aluminum after the manganese agent is melted, and reducing the temperature of the melt to 710-720 ℃;

step4, adding a boron agent with the B/Fe mass ratio of 1/600-1/200, and slowly stirring; the boron agent is Al-B intermediate alloy or KBF4 or a mixture of Al-B intermediate alloy and KBF4 or boric acid and borax;

step5, refining after the boron agent is melted, standing for 0.5-4 hours, and then pouring to obtain modified secondary aluminum;

no.4, the diameter of an extrusion opening in the extrusion die and the extrusion pressure ratio are changed, the extrusion pressure is between 5 engineering atmospheric pressures and 10 engineering atmospheric pressures, the extrusion speed is 5 ~ 10 m/s, and the product molding time is less than or equal to 0.5 s;

no.5, the processing technology of the secondary aluminum is improved by hot pressing, and hot pressing is carried out at the melt temperature of 600 ~ 630 ℃ and under the pressure of 15 ~ 20 engineering atmospheric pressures.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of material science, and particularly relates to secondary aluminum processing.

Background

The iron is the most common and harmful impurity element in the secondary aluminum, the solubility of the iron in the aluminum melt and the aluminum solid is 1.7% ~% and 0.05%, respectively, with a difference of 34 times to 100 times.the rest of the iron will exist in the form of an AlFe binary phase or AlFe (mnmg) Si, i.e., iron-rich phase, the iron-rich phase can be divided into an AlFe phase and a beta Fe phase according to the structural characteristics of the iron-rich phase crystal, wherein the beta Fe phase is a monoclinic structure with a unit cell constant of a =0.5792nm, b =1.2273nm, c =4.313nm, β =98.93, the melting point is about 870 ℃, the beta Fe phase usually exists in the form of long-strip needles or slabs, while in the form of three-dimensional interconnected sheets in linkage, the iron-rich phase strongly splits the matrix under stress, the elongation of the aluminum alloy is drastically reduced, furthermore, the temperature of formation of the beta Fe phase is between the eutectic phase of alfa and AlSi eutectic phase, which hinders the initial eutectic liquid of AlSi and the shrinkage of the AlSi eutectic metal, the latticed, the primary eutectic liquid becomes a, the pores, the primary eutectic phase grows in the form of a lattice, the dendrite phase grows in the dendrite phase, the dendrite phase grows in the form of the dendrite phase, the dendrite phase grows in the dendrite phase, the.

Compared with beta Fe, the cracking of the alpha Fe relative to the matrix is greatly reduced, and the harm of the alpha Fe can be effectively relieved.

In conclusion, the form of the iron-rich phase has a remarkable influence on the mechanical properties of the secondary aluminum, wherein the beta Fe phase has the greatest harm; the alpha Fe slag phase is second but can be removed by natural sedimentation or filtration; in the last two decades, researchers at home and abroad do a lot of beneficial exploration on the influence factors of the morphological characteristics of the iron-rich phase in order to realize the transformation of the iron-rich phase to the alpha Fe, and the whole casting process flow is run through from alloy components, melt processing, casting process and the like.

In terms of alloy components, Mn element is used for improving the form of an iron-rich phase in the past 50 s, and then a large number of research results prove the improvement effect of Mn on the form of the iron-rich phase and summarize the improvement mechanism. Researches show that when Mn/Fe is less than or equal to 1.1, the beta Fe phase can not be completely eliminated, and when Mn/Fe is more than or equal to 1.2, the transformation from the beta Fe phase to the alpha Fe phase is basically realized, the formation of a slag phase is triggered, the volume fraction of the slag phase increases approximately linearly along with the increase of the total amount of Mn and Fe, and the plasticity is reduced.

Research shows that the effects of Cr and Co are similar to Mn, the improvement effect is more remarkable, but the lower addition amounts of Cr and Co cause precipitation of primary silicon, influence the performance of the alloy and are less in use. Subsequent researches find that Be and Sc can form high-temperature particles with Al, Si and the like, the mechanism for improving the form of the iron-rich phase is similar to that of Mn, but the price is higher, Be steam has serious damage to the respiratory tract of a human body, the practical value is not high, rare earth elements, B, Sr, Ca and the like are elements with high surface activity, the growth of the beta Fe phase is inhibited by adsorbing on the surface of the beta Fe particle, the iron-rich phase is refined, but the effect is less obvious than that of Mn, and meanwhile, the improvement effect is better than that of singly adding when Mn/Be is added in a composite mode, and the beta Fe phase is completely eliminated.

The effect of the composite addition is also verified by sondongfu, fangsuper and the like, so that the addition of Mn, Be, Sc, Co, Cr and the like can promote the transformation of a beta Fe phase to alpha Fe, elements such as B, Sr, RE, Ca and the like can refine the size of an iron-rich phase, the composite addition of alloy elements can realize the transformation of the beta Fe phase to alpha Fe and can also refine the size of alpha Fe4, the improvement effect is optimal, but the improvement mechanism is still to Be further researched.

In the aspect of melt treatment, researches show that when the heat preservation temperature is less than or equal to 700 ℃, a newly precipitated iron-rich phase takes an incompletely-dissolved iron-rich phase as a nucleation substrate, the original iron-rich phase grows in a form and has obvious inheritance, and when the temperature is more than or equal to 800 ℃, the iron-rich phase is completely dissolved, the inheritance of the form of the iron-rich phase is eliminated, when a certain amount of Mn elements are contained in a melt, and the temperature is preserved above the forming temperature of an alpha Al phase, the star-shaped or polygonal slag phase is converted into a polygonal slag phase with higher roundness, and then the polygonal slag phase can be removed by a filtration or natural sedimentation method, so that when the melt does not contain the Mn elements, the heat preservation is slightly higher than an Al-Si eutectic point, the phenomena of melting corrosion and fusing of a coarse needle-shaped iron-rich phase can be promoted, and the harm of the needle-shaped iron.

Therefore, the melt treatment has a certain effect on the improvement of the morphology of the iron-rich phase, but the effect is only changed within the same type of the iron-rich phase, and the transformation of the beta Fe phase and the alpha Fe phase cannot be promoted.

In the casting process, Mascre et al found that the cooling rate <0.1 ℃/s was helpful to form the beta Fe phase, while the cooling rate of 10 ℃/s inhibited the formation of the beta Fe phase, but could not completely eliminate the formation of the beta Fe phase. Under the condition of high-pressure casting, the iron-rich phase in the charging barrel is mainly in a star shape or a needle shape, and the iron-rich phase in the casting forms a fine dispersed shape under the condition of high-speed injection; LIN et al found that the application of ultrasonic waves or mechanical vibrations is beneficial to refining the iron-rich phase. Therefore, the improvement effect of the casting process on the iron-rich phase is similar to that of melt treatment, and the modification is limited within the same iron-rich phase type, so that the transformation of the beta Fe phase and the alpha Fe phase cannot be promoted.

Besides the fusion casting process, the plastic processing method is also an important method for improving the matrix structure and the morphology of the second phase, and is expected to be applied to improving the morphology of the iron-rich phase, and the improvement mechanism is mainly reflected in the aspect of refining the iron-rich phase. For example, hot extrusion refers to a pressure processing method in which an alloy ingot heated to a certain temperature flows out of a die orifice of a hot extrusion die or into a narrow die cavity under the action of strong three-dimensional uneven compression force, so as to obtain an extruded part with a required shape, and the method is widely applied to the production of aluminum profiles.

At present, the research and application of the hot extrusion technology mainly focuses on the deformation aluminum alloy brand, including aluminum-based composite materials and the like, while the hot extrusion technology of the cast aluminum alloy is less researched and mainly focuses on improving the structure and the silicon and the like, so that the alloy with more excellent comprehensive performance is obtained.

Hot extrusion and T6 treatment are carried out on ZL102 cast aluminum alloy by virtue of plum tree width and the like at Shandong university, after the hot extrusion and T6 heat treatment are carried out on the as-cast alloy, the tensile strength of the as-cast alloy is improved from 292MPa treated by T6 to 397.4MPa, the elongation of the as-cast alloy is increased from 0.5% to 6.5%, and the comprehensive mechanical property is greatly improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problems are as follows: the beta Fe phase is a monoclinic structure, the unit cell constant is a =0.5792nm, b =1.2273nm, c =4.313nm, beta =98.93 ℃ and the melting point is about 870 ℃. The beta Fe phase exists in a strip needle shape or a lath shape usually, and is in a three-dimensional shape of a sheet shape which is linked and interconnected, the iron-rich phase strongly cracks a matrix when stressed, the elongation of the aluminum alloy is reduced rapidly, in addition, because the forming temperature of the beta Fe phase is between the eutectic transformation of alpha Al and AlSi, the existence of the beta Fe phase hinders the flowing and feeding of AlSi eutectic metal liquid, the beta Fe phase becomes an important substrate formed by pores and shrinkage porosity, the length dimension and the pore area fraction of the beta Fe phase are linearly increased along with the increase of the Fe content, and the alloy performance is further deteriorated. The alpha Fe is a body-centered cubic structure, the lattice constant is a =1.256nm, the melting point is about 860 ℃, the Chinese character shape is taken as a basic shape, and the shapes of polygons, stars, Chinese character shapes, dendritic shapes (fishbone shapes) and the like are presented, wherein the stars and the polygons are called slag phases, the forming temperature of the slag phases is higher than that of alpha Al, the Chinese character shapes and the dendritic iron phases are grown together with primary alpha Al and are symbiotic iron-rich phases, namely Chinese character-shaped alpha Fe phases, and the three-dimensional shapes of the slag phases mainly take complicated winding dendritic shapes as main parts, so that the beta Fe phase is converted into the alpha Fe phase, and the performance of the aluminum alloy is improved.

The technical scheme is as follows: a shaping processing method of a rich iron phase form in a regenerated aluminum alloy,

the shaping processing method of the iron-rich phase form in the regenerated aluminum alloy comprises the following processes:

no.1, before entering a smelting furnace, reducing the iron content and the aluminum oxide content in the regenerated aluminum and cleaning oil stains, washing for 1 ~ 3 minutes by using dilute hydrochloric acid according to different sources of the regenerated aluminum and the surface color of the regenerated aluminum, wherein the dilute hydrochloric acid is a hydrogen chloride solution with the mass fraction of less than 20 percent, the grey length is deep according to the grey length and the source of the surface color of the regenerated aluminum during washing, the time for industrial application needs a few times, the surface brightness is high, and the aluminum alloy door and window only needs to be brushed for a short time or only brushes the oil stains and the dirt;

no.2, limestone powder is added during heating, the limestone powder and silicon, iron and aluminum oxide in aluminum alloy react chemically to form slag, slag floats on the surface of the melt, the content of iron and silicon in the secondary aluminum is reduced, the product performance is improved, the limestone powder is added to the surface of the melt in a melt state and is uniformly spread as much as possible, and the limestone powder is added for 2 ~ 3 times according to the quantity of the melt,

no. 3: by adding Mn and B alloy elements, the Mn and B alloy elements are added in the following steps:

step1, heating the secondary aluminum to 760-800 ℃;

step2, adding a manganese agent with the Mn/Fe mass ratio of 0.3-0.65 at 250 ℃, and slowly stirring; the manganese agent is Al-Mn intermediate alloy or consists of Al-Mn intermediate alloy and one or two of Al-Cr intermediate alloy and Al-Co intermediate alloy;

step3, adding secondary aluminum after the manganese agent is melted, and reducing the temperature of the melt to 710-720 ℃;

step4, adding a boron agent with the B/Fe mass ratio of 1/600-1/200, and slowly stirring; the boron agent is Al-B intermediate alloy or KBF4 or a mixture of Al-B intermediate alloy and KBF4 or boric acid and borax;

step5, refining after the boron agent is melted, standing for 0.5-4 hours, and then pouring to obtain modified secondary aluminum;

no.4, the diameter of an extrusion opening in an extrusion die and the extrusion pressure ratio are changed, the extrusion pressure is between 5 engineering atmospheric pressure and 10 engineering atmospheric pressure, the extrusion speed is 5 ~ 10 m/s, the product molding time is less than or equal to 0.5 s,

no.5, the processing technology of the secondary aluminum is improved by hot pressing, and hot pressing is carried out at the melt temperature of 600 ~ 630 ℃ and under the pressure of 15 ~ 20 engineering atmospheric pressures.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the metallographic structure of an aluminum alloy having a star-shaped iron-rich phase structure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the metallographic structure of an aluminum alloy having a dendritic iron-rich phase structure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the metallographic structure of an aluminum alloy having a polygonal iron-rich phase structure;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a metallographic structure of an aluminum alloy having a Chinese-character-shaped iron-rich phase structure;

FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the metallographic structure of an acicular iron-rich phase structured aluminum alloy obtained after the improved processing method;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a metallographic structure of an aluminum alloy having a Chinese-character-like iron-rich phase structure obtained by improving a processing method;

FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the metallographic structure of an aluminum alloy having a dendritic iron-rich phase structure obtained after modification of the processing method;

FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of the metallographic structure of an aluminum alloy having a polygonal iron-rich phase structure obtained after the improved processing method;

FIG. 9 is a schematic metallographic structure showing the structure of an iron-rich phase of an aluminum alloy containing 1.2% iron;

FIG. 10 is a schematic metallographic structure showing the structure of an iron-rich phase of an aluminum alloy containing 1.2% iron;

FIG. 11 is a schematic representation of a metallographic structure of an aluminum alloy showing a 1.2% Fe A356 as-cast and hot-pressed Fe-rich phase structure;

FIG. 12 is a schematic representation of a metallographic structure of an aluminum alloy showing a 1.2% Fe A356 as-cast and hot-pressed Fe-rich phase structure;

FIG. 13 is a graph comparing the mechanical properties of 1.2% Fe-containing A356 secondary aluminum;

in the drawings, T6 indicates the state of solution heat treatment followed by artificial aging, T6 indicates a heat treatment process of wrought aluminum alloy, which is a process of "solution treatment" (for steel, this process is called "quenching", which should be well known) + artificial aging ", in which the main factors are solution temperature, quenching rate, aging temperature, holding time, and aging number.

The same heat treatment code, such as T6, for different alloys contains different values of the above factors

In the phase diagrams of FIGS. 11 and 12, the upper diagram shows the phase diagram without the treatment of T6, and the lower diagram shows the phase diagram with the treatment of T6.

Detailed Description

The applicant describes the method of implementation of the present application with reference to the attached drawings,

in the processing technology of the regenerated aluminum, T6 processing and casting processing are carried out, stretching processing is three main means of the treatment of the regenerated aluminum, the aluminum product is corroded by oxygen in the air in the using process to generate a compact aluminum oxide film, and the aluminum oxide film can prevent the oxygen from continuously corroding the aluminum, so the chemical property of the aluminum is very active, but the corrosion resistance of the aluminum product is very good, but in some occasions, for example, acidic and alkaline use environments or air contains more substances such as sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide, the aluminum can be directly corroded, the regenerated aluminum from different sources can be caused, the content difference between the aluminum oxide and the iron and oil stains is larger, if the regenerated aluminum is processed by adopting a direct return method, firstly, the impurity content is difficult to have relatively accurate numerical values, the oil stains are easy to carbonize and are attached to the surface of a molten body, the carbonized oil stain is in a graphite state and has a large adverse effect on a processed product, but the dilute hydrochloric acid has a corrosion effect on aluminum oxide and aluminum, so when the surface is cleaned by the dilute hydrochloric acid, the surface can only be cleaned by different washing time according to aluminum products of different sources and different service lives, no method is provided for quantification, for the aluminum products for industrial use, the surface of the aluminum product has iron elements with higher residual quantity, the iron elements can be removed by cleaning with the dilute hydrochloric acid, the iron elements are in two states of iron powder or iron rust, the iron elements on the surface of the regenerated aluminum can be effectively reduced by cleaning with the dilute hydrochloric acid, but the defect of using the dilute hydrochloric acid is that the dilute hydrochloric acid has pungent odor, the acid water is directly discharged, the environment is polluted, therefore, the alkali liquor is required to be used for neutralization, and the generated iron hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide are both precipitates after the alkali liquor is used for neutralization, ensures that the PH of the treated water is discharged after being weakly acidic to neutral.

The shaping processing method of the iron-rich phase form in the regenerated aluminum alloy comprises the following processes:

no.1, before entering a smelting furnace, reducing the iron content and the aluminum oxide content in the regenerated aluminum and cleaning oil stains, washing for 1 ~ 3 minutes by using dilute hydrochloric acid according to different sources of the regenerated aluminum and the surface color of the regenerated aluminum, wherein the dilute hydrochloric acid is a hydrogen chloride solution with the mass fraction of less than 20 percent, the grey length is deep according to the grey length and the source of the surface color of the regenerated aluminum during washing, the time for industrial application needs a few times, the surface brightness is high, and the aluminum alloy door and window only needs to be brushed for a short time or only brushes the oil stains and the dirt;

no.2, limestone powder is added during heating, the limestone powder and silicon, iron and aluminum oxide in aluminum alloy react chemically to form slag, slag floats on the surface of a regenerated aluminum melt, the content of iron and silicon in the regenerated aluminum is reduced, the product performance is improved, the limestone powder is added to the surface of the regenerated aluminum melt in a state of the regenerated aluminum melt, the mixture is uniformly spread as much as possible, and the mixture is added for 2 ~ 3 times according to the volume of the regenerated aluminum melt,

no. 3: by adding Mn and B alloy elements, the Mn and B alloy elements are added in the following steps:

step1, heating the secondary aluminum to 760-800 ℃;

step2, adding a manganese agent with the Mn/Fe mass ratio of 0.3-0.65 at 250 ℃, and slowly stirring; the manganese agent is Al-Mn intermediate alloy or consists of Al-Mn intermediate alloy and one or two of Al-Cr intermediate alloy and Al-Co intermediate alloy;

step3, adding secondary aluminum after the manganese agent is melted, and reducing the temperature of the melt to 710-720 ℃;

step4, adding a boron agent with the B/Fe mass ratio of 1/600-1/200, and slowly stirring; the boron agent is Al-B intermediate alloy or KBF4 or a mixture of Al-B intermediate alloy and KBF4 or boric acid and borax;

step5, refining after the boron agent is melted, standing for 0.5-4 hours, and then pouring to obtain modified secondary aluminum;

no.4, the diameter of an extrusion opening in an extrusion die and the extrusion pressure ratio are changed, the extrusion pressure is between 5 engineering atmospheric pressure and 10 engineering atmospheric pressure, the extrusion speed is 5 ~ 10 m/s, the product molding time is less than or equal to 0.5 s,

no.5, the processing technology of the secondary aluminum is improved by hot pressing, and hot pressing is carried out at the melt temperature of 600 ~ 630 ℃ and under the pressure of 15 ~ 20 engineering atmospheric pressures.

Slagging by using limestone powder is a common technical means in metal smelting and processing processes, but the general limestone powder is premixed, and the premixing processing process requires mineral component analysis, otherwise, the premixing amount is too small, slagging is insufficient, so that an air gap in a product is large, the content of the limestone powder is too high, and the product performance is also adversely affected, slagging by using limestone is performed to form a mixture of calcium metaaluminate, calcium metasilicate, tricalcium aluminate and dicalcium aluminate, only spreading is adopted instead of premixing, and the reason is that the densities of the limestone and pure aluminum are very close, after the limestone enters a melt, the limestone can enter the melt along with the rolling of the melt, iron is processed, the density of iron is larger than that of the limestone, the limestone can only be concentrated on the surface of molten iron during spreading, the effect is difficult to achieve, and the limestone enters the melt, the chemical reaction is generated, the limestone is changed into quicklime, the weight is lightened, the quicklime returns to the surface of the fused mass again, and the reaction chance of the quicklime and impurities is increased in the process.

A method for measuring the content of iron element in the regenerated aluminium comprises the steps of spraying water on a regenerated aluminium sample after acid washing, exposing for 48 hours, corroding the sample by using dilute hydrochloric acid until the sample is completely corroded, adding strong base sodium hydroxide to enable the solution to be alkaline, adding potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), enabling a test solution to be red, indicating that the sample contains the iron element, analyzing the content of the iron element in the regenerated aluminium from different sources by using the method, and analyzing that the iron element content of the wire regenerated aluminium with high aluminium purity is not low and is related to steel wires in aluminium wires, and the content of the iron element in aluminium alloy doors and windows is low, the recovery prices of industrial aluminium plates and aluminium ingots are low, the content of the iron element is unstable, and the difficulty in processing the regenerated aluminium sample into high-quality products is high,

generally speaking, classified purchasing, acid washing to improve purity, adding manganese agent, boron agent, controlling the diameter of an extrusion opening and extrusion pressure ratio, and hot pressing and T6 treatment are several technologies in the process of improving secondary aluminum processing, the conditions of controlling the diameter of the extrusion opening and the extrusion pressure ratio are relatively complex, the technology can be divided into two parts, namely, the design of an aluminum profile extruder and the design of a forming die both relate to the design of controlling the diameter of the extrusion opening and the extrusion pressure ratio, moreover, different product qualities and shapes are different, but theoretical calculation is approximately followed, the contents of the two parts are actually corrected, finally, the proper diameter of the extrusion opening and the extrusion pressure ratio are determined according to experimental results, only one point exists, the difference between the theoretical calculation value and the corrected value is large, the reference value is limited, so most die masters also take empirical numbers as the standard, plus experimental calibration to determine specific dimensions.

The T6 treatment is a relatively mature technique in aluminum processing and is not described in this application, but recycled aluminum is similarly suitable for the T6 treatment.