阅读说明：本技术 成像装置、车辆用灯具、汽车、成像方法 (Imaging device, vehicle lamp, automobile, and imaging method ) 是由 五味正人 杉本真太郎 春濑祐太 鸟居辉明 于 2020-04-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：照明装置(110)照射第1参照光(S1＿1)和第2参照光(S1＿2),该第1参照光(S1＿1)具有第1强度分布(I-(r)(x,y)),该第2参照光(S1＿2)具有与第1强度分布(I-(r)(x,y))处于互补关系的第2强度分布(I-(r)＾(x,y))。光检测器(120)对来自物体的反射光(S2＿1、S2＿2)进行测定。运算处理装置进行利用了基于照射第1参照光(S1＿1)时的光检测器(120)的输出的第1检测强度(b-(r))和第1强度分布(I-(r)(x,y))的强度分布的第1相关计算,并进行利用了基于照射第2参照光(S1＿2)时的光检测器(120)的输出的第2检测强度(b-(r)＾)和第2强度分布(I-(r)＾(x,y))的第2相关计算。(The lighting device (110) irradiates a 1 st reference light (S1 _ 1) and a 2 nd reference light (S1 _ 2), wherein the 1 st reference light (S1 _ 1) has a 1 st intensity distribution (I) r (x, y)), the 2 nd reference light (S1 _ 2) having the 1 st intensity distribution (I) r (x, y)) in complementary relationship to the 2 nd intensity distribution (I) r Λ (x, y)). The photodetector (120) measures reflected light (S2 _1, S2_ 2) from the object. The arithmetic processing device performs a 1 st detection intensity (b) using an output of the photodetector (120) based on the irradiation of the 1 st reference light (S1 _ 1) r ) And 1 st intensity distribution (I) r (x, y)) and a 2 nd detection intensity (b) based on the output of the photodetector (120) when the 2 nd reference light (S1 _ 2) is irradiated is used r Λ) and 2 nd intensity distribution (I) r The 2 nd correlation for ^ (x, y)).)

1. An image forming apparatus, comprising:

an illumination device that illuminates a 1 st reference light and a 2 nd reference light, the 1 st reference light having a 1 st intensity distribution, the 2 nd reference light having a 2 nd intensity distribution that is in a complementary relationship with the 1 st intensity distribution,

a photodetector that measures reflected light from the object, an

And an arithmetic processing unit that performs a 1 st correlation calculation based on a result of the irradiation of the 1 st reference light and a 2 nd correlation calculation based on a result of the irradiation of the 2 nd reference light.

2. The imaging apparatus of claim 1,

the arithmetic processing unit generates a final restored image by combining the 1 st correlation calculation and the 2 nd correlation calculation.

3. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,

the arithmetic processing unit reconstructs a 1 st restored image of the object by the 1 st correlation calculation, and reconstructs a 2 nd restored image of the object by the 2 nd correlation calculation.

4. The imaging apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3,

the 1 st reference light and the 2 nd reference light have the same wavelength and are irradiated in a time division manner.

5. The imaging apparatus of claim 4,

the 1 st reference light has a 1 st wavelength, and the 2 nd reference light has a 2 nd wavelength different from the 1 st wavelength;

the photodetector includes:

a 1 st detector having sensitivity to the 1 st wavelength and insensitivity to the 2 nd wavelength, an

And a 2 nd detector having sensitivity to the 2 nd wavelength and insensitivity to the 1 st wavelength.

6. The imaging apparatus of claim 5,

the 1 st reference light and the 2 nd reference light are simultaneously irradiated.

7. The imaging apparatus according to claim 5 or 6,

the arithmetic processing unit corrects the outputs of the 1 st detector and the 2 nd detector.

8. The imaging apparatus of claim 7,

the coefficient necessary for correction in the arithmetic processing device is generated based on the 1 st detection intensity obtained for the reflected light from a certain object when the intensity distribution of the 1 st reference light is made uniform and the 2 nd detection intensity obtained for the reflected light from the same object when the intensity distribution of the 2 nd reference light is made uniform.

9. The imaging apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8,

the above-mentioned illuminator includes:

a DMD (digital micromirror Device) comprising a plurality of micromirrors corresponding to a plurality of pixels, each micromirror being independently tiltable in a 1 st direction and a 2 nd direction around a torsion axis,

a 1 st light source for irradiating a 1 st input light beam to the DMD, an

A 2 nd light source for irradiating a 2 nd input light beam to the DMD;

a part of the 1 st input light beam incident on the micromirror tilting in the 1 st direction is projected to the outside as a 1 st output light beam, and a part of the 1 st input light beam incident on the micromirror tilting in the 2 nd direction is not projected;

a part of the 2 nd input light beam incident on the micromirror tilting in the 2 nd direction is projected to the outside as a 2 nd output light beam, and a part of the 2 nd input light beam incident on the micromirror tilting in the 1 st direction is not projected.

10. A lamp for a vehicle, characterized in that,

comprising an imaging device according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. A motor vehicle, characterized in that,

comprising an imaging device according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

12. An imaging method, comprising:

a step of irradiating 1 st reference light having 1 st intensity distribution to the object,

a step of irradiating the 2 nd reference light having the 2 nd intensity distribution in a complementary relationship with the 1 st intensity distribution to the object,

measuring reflected light from the object when the 1 st reference light is irradiated to generate a 1 st detection intensity,

a step of measuring reflected light from the object when the 2 nd reference light is irradiated, and generating a 2 nd detection intensity, and

and performing a 1 st correlation calculation based on the 1 st detected intensity and the 1 st intensity distribution, and a 2 nd correlation calculation based on the 2 nd detected intensity and the 2 nd intensity distribution.

13. The imaging method as set forth in claim 12,

the method further includes a step of generating a final restored image by combining the 1 st correlation calculation and the 2 nd correlation calculation.

14. An illumination device, comprising:

a DMD (digital micromirror Device) comprising a plurality of micromirrors corresponding to a plurality of pixels, each micromirror being independently tiltable in a 1 st direction and a 2 nd direction around a torsion axis,

a 1 st light source for irradiating a 1 st input light beam to the DMD, an

A 2 nd light source for irradiating a 2 nd input light beam to the DMD;

a part of the 1 st input light beam incident on the micromirror tilting in the 1 st direction is projected to the outside as a part of the 1 st output light beam, and a part of the 1 st input light beam incident on the micromirror tilting in the 2 nd direction is not projected;

a part of the 2 nd input light beam incident to the micromirror tilting in the 2 nd direction is projected to the outside as a part of the 2 nd output light beam, and a part of the 2 nd input light beam incident to the micromirror tilting in the 1 st direction is not projected;

the 1 st output beam and the 2 nd output beam have complementary intensity distributions.

15. The illumination device of claim 14,

the 1 st input beam and the 2 nd input beam have different wavelengths.

16. The illumination device of claim 15,

the 1 st light source and the 2 nd light source are simultaneously turned on.

17. The illumination device of claim 14,

the 1 st input beam has the same wavelength as the 2 nd input beam.

18. The illumination device of claim 17,

the 1 st light source and the 2 nd light source are exclusively turned on.

19. The illumination device according to any one of claims 14 to 18,

the 1 st output beam and the 2 nd output beam are irradiated to a spatially overlapped region.

20. The illumination device according to any one of claims 14 to 18,

the 1 st output beam and the 2 nd output beam are irradiated to a spatially non-overlapping region.

21. The illumination device according to any one of claims 14 to 20,

the wavelengths of the 1 st input beam and the 2 nd input beam are variable.

22. A lamp for a vehicle, characterized in that,

comprising a lighting device as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 21.

23. An image forming apparatus, comprising:

the lighting device of any one of claims 14 to 21,

a photodetector that measures reflected light from the object, an

And an arithmetic processing device that performs a 1 st correlation calculation based on a result of irradiation of the 1 st output beam and a 2 nd correlation calculation based on a result of irradiation of the 2 nd output beam.

24. The imaging apparatus of claim 23,

the 1 st output beam and the 2 nd output beam are irradiated to a spatially overlapped region;

the arithmetic processing unit generates a final restored image by combining the 1 st correlation calculation and the 2 nd correlation calculation.

25. A motor vehicle, characterized in that,

comprising an imaging device according to claim 23 or 24.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to an imaging apparatus using ghost imaging (ghost imaging).

Background

For automatic driving or automatic control of the light distribution of headlamps, an object recognition system that senses the position and type of an object present around a vehicle is used. The object recognition system includes a sensor and an arithmetic processing device that analyzes an output of the sensor. The sensor is selected from a camera, a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging, Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging), a millimeter wave radar, an ultrasonic sonar, and the like, in consideration of the application, required accuracy, and cost.

As one of the imaging devices (sensors), an imaging device using a principle of ghost imaging is known. In ghost imaging, while the intensity distribution (pattern) of reference light is randomly switched, the reference light is irradiated onto an object, and the photodetection intensity of reflected light is measured for each pattern. The light detection intensity is an integral value of energy or intensity of a certain plane, not an intensity distribution. Then, a restored image of the object is reconstructed (reconstruct) by obtaining correlation between the corresponding pattern and the light detection intensity.

[ Prior art documents ]

[ patent document ]

Patent document 1 Japanese patent No. 6412673

Disclosure of Invention

[ problems to be solved by the invention ]

1. The present inventors have discussed with respect to an image forming apparatus, and as a result, have recognized the following problems. For the correlation in ghost imaging, the correlation function of equation (1) is used. Reference light I_rIs the intensity distribution of the r (r ═ 1, 2 …, M), b_rIs a value of the detected intensity obtained when the reference light having the r-th intensity distribution is irradiated.

[ formula 1 ]

Fig. 1 is a timing chart showing sensing of 1 frame of the imaging apparatus. As can be seen from equation (1), in the correlation calculation, 1 image is restored by irradiation of the reference light M times. Here, in the irradiation of the reference light M times, noise other than the reflected light from the object enters the photodetector, and the image quality of the restored image is degraded by the noise.

Further, the present inventors have conducted studies and, as a result, have recognized that: the pattern of the reference light changes randomly, but with respect to a certain subject, a good image may be obtained in one pattern, and an image may be degraded in another pattern.

1. An exemplary object of one aspect of the present invention is to improve the quality of a restored image.

2. Further, it is an exemplary object of an aspect of the present invention to provide an illumination device that can add a new function or effect to an imaging device.

[ means for solving the problems ]

1. One aspect of the present invention relates to an imaging apparatus or an imaging method. The apparatus and method irradiate a 1 st reference light and a 2 nd reference light to an object, wherein the 1 st reference light has a 1 st intensity distribution, and the 2 nd reference light has a 2 nd intensity distribution which is in a complementary relationship with the 1 st intensity distribution. Then, the reflected light from the object is measured. A1 st correlation calculation based on a result of irradiating the 1 st reference light and a 2 nd correlation calculation based on a result of irradiating the 2 nd reference light are performed.

2. Another aspect of the invention relates to a lighting device. The illumination device includes a plurality of micromirrors corresponding to a plurality of pixels, each micromirror comprising: a DMD (Digital Micromirror Device) that can independently tilt in the 1 st and 2 nd directions around a torsion axis (hinge); a 1 st light source that irradiates a 1 st input light beam to the DMD; and a 2 nd light source that irradiates the 2 nd input light beam to the DMD. The 1 st input light beam is projected to the outside as a 1 st output light beam when the micromirror is in a state of tilting in the 1 st direction, and is not projected when the micromirror is in a state of tilting in the 2 nd direction, the 2 nd input light beam is projected to the outside as a 2 nd output light beam when the micromirror is in a state of tilting in the 2 nd direction, and is not projected when the micromirror is in a state of tilting in the 1 st direction, and the 1 st output light beam and the 2 nd output light beam have complementary intensity distributions.

[ Effect of the invention ]

According to one aspect of the present invention, the image quality of the restored image can be improved. Further, according to another aspect, a new function or effect can be added to the imaging apparatus.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a timing chart showing sensing of 1 frame of the imaging apparatus.

Fig. 2 is a diagram showing an image forming apparatus according to embodiment 1.

Fig. 3 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the imaging apparatus of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a lighting device of embodiment 1.

Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the structure of the DMD.

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a positional relationship between the 1 st light source, the 2 nd light source, and the DMD in the lighting device of example 1.

Fig. 7 is a diagram showing a lighting device of embodiment 2.

Fig. 8 is a block diagram of an image forming apparatus of embodiment 2.

Fig. 9 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the imaging apparatus of fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a block diagram of an image forming apparatus of embodiment 3.

Fig. 11 (a) and 11 (b) are views showing the lighting device of example 3.

Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating an operation of the lighting device of fig. 11.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an object identification system.

Fig. 14 is a diagram showing an automobile provided with an object recognition system.

Fig. 15 is a block diagram showing a vehicle lamp equipped with an object detection system.

Detailed Description

(outline of embodiment)

A summary of several exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described. This summary is provided as a prelude to the detailed description that will be described later, and some concepts in 1 or more embodiments are simplified and described for the purpose of basic understanding of the embodiments, and do not limit the breadth of the invention or disclosure. This summary is not intended to be a general summary of all embodiments that can be considered, and does not limit the essential components of the embodiments. For convenience, "one embodiment" in this specification will sometimes be used to refer to an embodiment or embodiments disclosed in this specification.

The "intensity distribution is random" in the present specification does not mean completely random, and is random to the extent that an image can be reconstructed in ghost imaging. Therefore, in the present specification, "random" can include some degree of regularity. Further, the term "random" does not require unpredictable and may be predictable and reproducible.

1. One embodiment relates to an image forming apparatus. The image forming apparatus includes: an illumination device that illuminates a 1 st reference light and a 2 nd reference light, the 1 st reference light having a 1 st intensity distribution, the 2 nd reference light having a 2 nd intensity distribution that is in a complementary relationship with the 1 st intensity distribution; a photodetector that measures reflected light from an object; and an arithmetic processing device that performs a 1 st correlation calculation based on a result of irradiation with the 1 st reference light and a 2 nd correlation calculation based on a result of irradiation with the 2 nd reference light.

For example, the arithmetic processing device may generate 1 final restored image by combining 2 correlation calculations. This eliminates the influence of a noise component commonly included in the 1 st detection intensity and the 2 nd detection intensity, and improves the image quality.

Alternatively, the arithmetic processing device may generate the 1 st restoration image based on the 1 st correlation calculation and generate the 2 nd restoration image based on the 2 nd correlation calculation. In this case, one of the 1 st restoration image and the 2 nd restoration image having a better image quality may be selected as the final image.

The 1 st reference light and the 2 nd reference light may have the same wavelength and may be irradiated in time division.

The 1 st reference light may have a 1 st wavelength, and the 2 nd reference light may have a 2 nd wavelength different from the 1 st wavelength. The photodetector may include: a 1 st detector having sensitivity to a 1 st wavelength and insensitivity to a 2 nd wavelength; and a 2 nd detector having sensitivity to the 2 nd wavelength and insensitivity to the 1 st wavelength.

The 1 st reference light and the 2 nd reference light may be simultaneously irradiated. This can improve the frame rate.

The lighting device may include: DMD (Digital micro mirror Device: Digital Micromirror Device); a 1 st light source that irradiates a 1 st input light beam to the DMD; and a 2 nd light source that irradiates the 2 nd input light beam to the DMD. A part of the 1 st input light beam incident to the micromirror tilting in the 1 st direction is projected to the outside as the 1 st output light beam, a part of the 1 st input light beam incident to the micromirror tilting in the 2 nd direction is not projected, a part of the 2 nd input light beam incident to the micromirror tilting in the 2 nd direction is projected to the outside as the 2 nd output light beam, and a part of the 2 nd input light beam incident to the micromirror tilting in the 1 st direction is not projected. In a state where a certain pattern is provided to the DMD, the 1 st reference light having the 1 st intensity distribution can be generated by lighting the 1 st light source, and the 2 nd reference light having the 2 nd intensity distribution can be generated by lighting the 2 nd light source.

2. One embodiment relates to a lighting device. The illumination device can be used, for example, as an imaging device that reconstructs a restored image of an object by correlation calculation. The lighting device comprises a plurality of micro mirrors corresponding to a plurality of pixels, and each micro mirror comprises; a DMD (Digital Micromirror Device) that can independently tilt in a 1 st direction and a 2 nd direction around a torsion axis; a 1 st light source that irradiates a 1 st input light beam to the DMD; and a 2 nd light source that irradiates the 2 nd input light beam to the DMD. The 1 st input light beam is projected to the outside as a 1 st output light beam when the micromirror is in a state of tilting in the 1 st direction, and is not projected when the micromirror is in a state of tilting in the 2 nd direction, the 2 nd input light beam is projected to the outside as a 2 nd output light beam when the micromirror is in a state of tilting in the 2 nd direction, and is not projected when the micromirror is in a state of tilting in the 1 st direction, and the 1 st output light beam and the 2 nd output light beam have complementary intensity distributions.

The illumination device can generate output light beams having complementary intensity distributions without changing the state of the micromirrors, that is, without rewriting the image of the DMD.

Alternatively, the 1 st input beam and the 2 nd input beam may have different wavelengths. In this case, the 1 st light source and the 2 nd light source may be simultaneously turned on. Thereby, 2 output beams with complementary intensity distributions can be generated simultaneously.

Alternatively, the 1 st input beam and the 2 nd input beam may have the same wavelength. In this case, the 1 st light source and the 2 nd light source may be exclusively turned on. When detecting 2 reflected lights from the object corresponding to the 2 output light beams, the 2 reflected lights can be separated based on the wavelength.

Alternatively, the 1 st output beam and the 2 nd output beam may be irradiated to a region overlapping in space. In this case, noise can be eliminated by signal processing at a later stage.

Alternatively, the 1 st output beam and the 2 nd output beam may be irradiated to spatially non-overlapping regions. This can expand the irradiation range.

The 1 st input beam and the 2 nd input beam may have variable wavelengths. This enables sensing or imaging in accordance with the color or material of the subject and the surrounding environment.

The lighting device of the embodiment can be incorporated in a vehicle lamp.

In one embodiment, an imaging device is disclosed. The image forming apparatus includes: any one of the above lighting devices; a photodetector that measures reflected light from an object; and an arithmetic processing device that performs a 1 st correlation calculation based on a result of irradiating the 1 st output beam and a 2 nd correlation calculation based on a result of irradiating the 2 nd output beam.

Alternatively, the 1 st output beam and the 2 nd output beam may be irradiated to the overlapped region. The arithmetic processing device may combine the 1 st correlation calculation and the 2 nd correlation calculation to generate a final restored image. This eliminates the influence of a noise component commonly included in the 1 st detection intensity and the 2 nd detection intensity.

(embodiment mode)

The present invention will be described below based on preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same or equivalent constituent elements, members, and processes shown in the respective drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals, and overlapping descriptions are appropriately omitted. The embodiments are not intended to limit the invention, and are merely examples, and all the features or combinations thereof described in the embodiments are not essential to the invention.

Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the image forming apparatus 100 of embodiment 1. The imaging device 100 is a correlation function image sensor using the principle of ghost imaging, and includes an illumination device 110, a photodetector 120, and an arithmetic processing device 130. The imaging device 100 is also referred to as a quantum radar camera.

The illumination device 110 is a virtual thermal light source that generates a 1 st intensity distribution I that is substantially randomly visible_rThe 1 st reference light S1_1 of (x, y) and the 2 nd intensity distribution I having a complementary relationship with the 1 st intensity distribution I (x, y)_r2 nd reference light S1_2 for ^ (x, y) and is irradiated to the object OBJ. The irradiation of the object OBJ with the reference lights S1_1 and S1_2 is performed while randomly changing the intensity distribution I (x, y) a plurality of times (M times).

For example, illumination device 110 includes a light source 112, a patterning device 114, and a pattern generator 132. The light source 112 generates an input light beam S0 having a uniform intensity distribution. The patterning device 114 has a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix, and is configured to be able to spatially modulate the intensity distribution I of the input light beam S0 based on a combination of on and off of the plurality of pixels. In this specification, a pixel in an on state is referred to as an on pixel, and a pixel in an off state is referred to as an off pixel. In the following description, for the sake of easy understanding, each pixel takes only 2 values (1, 0) of on and off, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and an intermediate gray scale may be obtained by switching on and off at high speed to adjust the time ratio between them. The output light beams S1_1, S1_2 reflected by the patterning device 114 are modulated to have complementary intensity distributions I (x, y).

The photodetector 120 measures reflected light S2_1 from the object OBJ corresponding to the 1 st reference light S1_1, and outputs a 1 st detection signal D_r.1 st detection signal D_rTo have the 1 st intensity distribution I_rWhen reference light S1_1 of item 1 is irradiated onto object OBJ, the spatial integral value of the light energy (or intensity) incident on photodetector 120 is obtained. Therefore, the photodetector 120 can use a single-pixel photodetector (photodetector). And M (M > 1) intensity distributions I₁～I_MA plurality of 1 st detection signals D respectively corresponding to the first and second detection signals₁～D_MIs output from the light detector 120.

Similarly, the photodetector 120 measures the reflected light S2_2 from the object OBJ corresponding to the 2 nd reference light S1_2, and outputs a 2 nd detection signal D_rΛ. And M (M > 1) intensity distributions I₁＾～I_MA plurality of 2 nd detection signals D respectively corresponding to₁＾～D_MΛ is output from photodetector 120.

The arithmetic processing device 130 includes a pattern generator 132 and a reconstruction processing unit 134. The reconstruction processing unit 134 acquires a plurality of 1 st intensity distributions (also referred to as random patterns) I₁～I_MWith a plurality of 1 st detection intensities b₁～b_MCorrelation (1 st correlation calculation). 1 st detection intensity b₁～b_MBased on the detection signal D₁～D_M. The relationship between the detection intensity and the detection signal may be determined in consideration of the type and the mode of the photodetector 120.

[ formula 2 ]

Furthermore, the reconstruction processing unit 134 acquires a plurality of 2 nd intensity distributions I₁＾～I_MΛ and a plurality of 2 nd detection intensities b₁＾～b_MThe correlation for ^ (2 nd correlation calculation). 2 nd intensity distribution I₁＾～I_MCan be based on the 1 st intensity distribution I₁～I_MTo operate. 2 nd detection intensity b₁＾～b_MBased on the 2 nd detection signal D₁＾～D_M＾。

[ formula 3 ]

The reconstruction processing unit 134 generates a final restored image G (x, y) by performing an operation on equation (4). Equation (4) is a synthetic correlation in which the correlation calculation formula of the 1 st correlation calculation represented by equation (2) and the correlation calculation formula of the 2 nd correlation calculation represented by equation (3) are synthesized.

[ formula 4 ]

The above is the configuration of the imaging apparatus 100. Next, the operation will be described. Fig. 3 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the imaging apparatus 100 of fig. 2. Here, the 1 st reference light S1_1 and the 2 nd reference light S1_2 are alternately irradiated with time division.

Every time the 1 st reference light S1_1 is irradiated, the 1 st detection intensity b is obtained_rEvery time the 2 nd reference light S1_2 is irradiated, the 2 nd detection intensity b is obtained_rΛ. Each detection intensity includes a noise component σ. The reconstruction processing unit 134 can determine the 1 st detection intensity b obtained for r 1 to M_r2 nd detection intensity b_rΛ, 1 st intensity distribution I_r(x, y) and 2 nd intensity distribution I_rThe resultant correlation for formula (4) is calculated for ^ (x, y) and the final restored image G (x, y) is obtained.

The above is the operation of the imaging apparatus 100. Next, the advantages thereof will be described.

Now, the intensity distribution takes both values 0, 1. This is achieved byFor the 1 st intensity distribution I_r(x, y) and 2 nd intensity distribution I_rΛ (x, y), vertical (5).

[ FORMULA 5 ]

Substituting the formulae (2), (3) and (5) into the formula (4) gives the formula (6).

[ formula 6 ]

＜b_rΛ is ≧ b_rAn average value of ^ and thus, formula (7) holds.

[ formula 7 ]

Substituting the formula (7) into the formula (6) and finishing to obtain the formula (8).

[ formula 8 ]

Herein, b is_rAnd b_rΛ is expressed as the sum of the true signal component (appended in subscript "(true)") caused by reflected light and the noise component σ. Suppose b_rAnd b_rContaining the same noise component sigma_r。

b_r＝b_r(true)+σ_r

b_r＾＝b_r(true)＾+σ_r

This is substituted into formula (8) to obtain formula (9).

[ formula 9 ]

As can be seen from equation (9), since the noise components cancel each other in the finally obtained image G (x, y), only the signal component b is included_r(true)、b_r(true)Λ. Therefore, the image quality can be improved.

(modification 1)

In fig. 3, the reference lights S1_1 and S1_2 are alternately irradiated, but not limited thereto. If the reference lights S1_1 and S1_2 are simultaneously irradiated and the photodetector 120 can separate the reflected lights S2_1 and S2_2 corresponding thereto, the reference lights S1_1 and S1_2 may be simultaneously irradiated.

For example, the 1 st reference light S1_1 may have the 1 st wavelength λ₁The 2 nd reference light S1_2 has the same wavelength λ as the 1 st wavelength₁Different 2 nd wavelength lambda₂. In this case, the photodetector 120 may include: 1 st detector for 1 st wavelength lambda₁Has sensitivity; and 2 nd photodetector for 2 nd wavelength lambda₂Has sensitivity. Alternatively, the reflected lights S2 and S2_2 may be separated by a filter, and the intensities of the separated 2 components S2_1 and S2_2 may be measured.

In addition, at the 1 st wavelength λ₁With 2 nd wavelength lambda₂In the case of a large difference, the following situation occurs: the reflectivity for the same object is significantly different. In this case, it is preferable to perform the reflectance correction.

For the reflectivity correction, the 1 st wavelength λ with a uniform intensity distribution (e.g., maximum intensity or 1 for all pixels) is used₁The 1 st reference light S1_1 is irradiated to the object, and the detection intensity b at that time is acquired₀. Furthermore, the 2 nd wavelength λ will have the same intensity distribution (note not complementary)₂The reference light S1_2 is irradiated to the same object, and the detection intensity b at that time is obtained₀＾。b₀And b₀Lambd and wavelength λ for the object₁、λ₂Is proportional to the reflectivity of the light source. B obtained by the arithmetic processing unit 130₀、b₀The 1 st detection intensity b that can be obtained later_r2 nd detectionDegree b_rAt least one of Λ is corrected.

For example, b may be used as it is_rB is mixing_rCoefficient of Λ multiplied by b₀＾/b₀To make a correction, and use the corrected b_rThe correlation is calculated for. On the contrary, b may be used as it is_rΛ, will b_rMultiplication by a factor b₀/b₀Correction for Λ, and using b after correction_rTo perform a correlation calculation.

Alternatively, when the intensity of the input light beam S0 before patterning can be adjusted, the intensity of the light generated by the light source 112 may be corrected. Alternatively, the 1 st wavelength λ may not be adjusted₁To the 2 nd wavelength lambda of the input light beam S0₂Becomes b in intensity of the input light beam S0₀＾/b₀And (4) doubling. Conversely, the 2 nd wavelength λ may not be adjusted₂To the 1 st wavelength λ of the input light beam S0₁Becomes b in intensity of the input light beam S0₀/b₀Λ times.

(modification 2)

The 1 st reference light S1_1 and the 2 nd reference light S1_2 may have the same wavelength and different polarization characteristics. For example, one of the 1 st reference light S1_1 and the 2 nd reference light S1_2 may have right-handed circularly polarized light (or elliptically polarized light), and the other may have left-handed circularly polarized light (or elliptically polarized light).

In this case, the illumination device 110 may include an optical system for separating the right-handed polarization component from the left-handed polarization component. The optical system for separating the polarization components may be constituted by a combination of an 1/4 wavelength plate and a linearly polarized light element.

(modification 3)

The reconstruction processing unit 134 may calculate the 1 st correlation expression of expression (2) using the result of the M times of irradiation of the 1 st reference light S1_1, and may perform reconstruction on the 1 st restored image G₁₍x, y) are reconstructed. Further, the 2 nd correlation expression of expression (3) may be calculated using the result of irradiating the 2 nd reference light S1_ 2M times, and the 2 nd restored image G may be subjected to₂(x, y) performing reconstruction. And, alsoMay be obtained by restoring the 2 restored images G₁₍x，y)、G₂The pixels corresponding to (x, y) are added to each other, thereby generating the final restored image G (x, y). In this case, the influence of noise can be eliminated.

(modification 4)

In the above description, 2 patterns having complementary intensity distributions are used for noise cancellation, but not limited thereto. In modification 4, the reconstruction processing unit 134 calculates the 1 st correlation expression of expression (2) using the result of irradiating the 1 st reference light S1_ 1M times, and performs reconstruction on the 1 st restored image G₁(x, y), and calculates the 2 nd correlation formula of formula (3) using the result of irradiating the 2 nd reference light S1_ 2M times, and performs reconstruction on the 2 nd restoration image G₂(x, y) performing reconstruction.

The 2 restored images G may be combined₁₍x，y)、G₂Of (x, y), the one with the better image quality is selected as the final image. For example, it is also possible to select one of the objects whose outline is clear. This does not provide the noise canceling effect, but can select a pattern more suitable for the subject, and therefore can improve the image quality.

Next, the configuration of the illumination device 110 will be described based on several embodiments.

(example 1)

Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an illumination device 110A according to embodiment 1. Illumination device 110A includes 1 st light source 112_1, 2 nd light source 112_2, and patterning device 114, i.e., DMD 116. The light sources 112_1, 112_2 generate input light beams S0_1, S0_2 having a uniform intensity distribution. The light source 112 may use a laser, a light emitting diode, or the like. The wavelengths and spectra of the input light beams S0_1 and S0_2 are not particularly limited, and may be white light having a plurality of or continuous spectra, or may be monochromatic light including a predetermined wavelength. The wavelength of the input light beams S0_1, S0_2 can also be infrared light or ultraviolet light.

DMD116 includes a plurality of micromirrors 118 corresponding to the plurality of pixels. Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the structure of DMD 116. Each micromirror 118 can independently tilt in the 1 st direction (counterclockwise in the figure) and the 2 nd direction (clockwise in the figure) around the torsion axis 119. Will incline in the 1 st directionThe dynamic state is recorded asThe state of tilting in the 2 nd direction is described as

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the positional relationship of 1 st light source 112_1, 2 nd light source 112_2, and DMD116 in illumination device 110A of embodiment 1. The 2 light sources 112_1, 112_2 are configured to satisfy the following relationship.

Incident to a state of tilting in the 1 st directionA part (beam) of the input beam S0_1 of the micromirror 118 of (1) is projected to the outside as a part of the 1 st output beam (1 st reference beam) S1_1, and enters a state of tilting in the 2 nd directionA part of the input light beam S0_1 of the micromirror 118 is not projected but is blocked.

On the contrary, the light enters a state of tilting in the 2 nd directionA part of the input light beam S0_2 of the micromirror 118 (c) is projected to the outside as a part of the 2 nd output light beam (2 nd reference light) S1_2, and enters a state of being tilted in the 1 st directionA part of the input light beam S0_2 of the micromirror 118 is not projected but is blocked.

The input light beams S0_1, S0_2 incident to the same pixel (micromirror) are reflected in substantially the same direction. Thus, the 2 output beams S1_1 and S1_2 illuminate substantially the same area.

The above is the configuration of the imaging apparatus 100A of embodiment 1. According to this imaging device 100A, the 1 st light source 112_1 and the 2 nd light source 112_2 are sequentially turned on in a state where a certain pattern (image) is provided to the DMD116, and thereby the reference lights S1_1 and S1_2 having complementary intensity distributions can be generated.

When 2 reference lights S1_1 and S1_2 are simultaneously irradiated, 2 light sources 112_1 and 112_2 may be simultaneously turned on. In this case, the 2 light sources 112_1 and 112_2 may have different wavelengths or different polarization characteristics.

When 2 reference lights S1_1 and S1_2 are simultaneously irradiated, 2 light sources 112_1 and 112_2 may be sequentially turned on.

Further, according to the illumination device 110A, the 2 light beams S1_1 and S1_2 having complementary intensity distributions can be generated without changing the state of the micromirror 118, that is, without rewriting the image of the DMD 116.

In addition, the use of the illumination device 110A is not limited to the imaging device based on the correlation calculation.

(example 2)

Fig. 7 is a diagram showing an illumination device 110B according to embodiment 2. Illumination device 110B includes a single light source 112 and a patterning device 114, i.e., DMD 116. The light source 112 generates an input light beam S0 having a uniform intensity distribution. The light source 112 may use a laser, a light emitting diode, or the like.

The patterning device 114 is supplied with the pattern signal PTN (image data) generated by the pattern generator 132, and generates an intensity distribution I having an intensity corresponding to the pattern signal PTN in this state_rReference light S1_1 of (x, y). Then, the pattern generator 132 generates a pattern signal PTN ^ that inverts the pattern signal PTN, and supplies it to the patterning device 114. From this, can generate and have intensity distribution I corresponding to reverse pattern signal PTN ^_rThe reference light S1_2 for ^ (x, y).

In fig. 7, as the patterning device 114, a patterning device such as a transmissive or reflective liquid crystal device can also be used.

(embodiment mode 2)

Fig. 8 is a block diagram of an image forming apparatus 100B of embodiment 2. In embodiment 2, the 1 st light source 112_1 and the 2 nd light source 112_2 generate different wavelengths λ₁、λ₂S0_1, S0_ 2.

Correspondingly, the photodetector 120B includes 2 detectors 122_1 and 122_2 having different wavelength sensitivity characteristics. 1 st detector 122_1 for 1 st wavelength λ₁Having sensitivity to the 2 nd wavelength lambda₂It is not sensitive. 2 nd detector 122_2 for 2 nd wavelength λ₂Having sensitivity to the 1 st wavelength lambda₁It is not sensitive. The 1 st detector 122_1 generates M1 st detection intensities b corresponding to M times of irradiation of the 1 st reference light S1_1₁～b_M. The 2 nd detector 122_2 generates M2 nd detection intensities b corresponding to the M times of irradiation of the 2 nd reference light S1_2₁＾～b_M＾。

In embodiment 2, the reference lights S1_1 and S1_2 are also irradiated to a common region that spatially overlaps.

The above is the configuration of the imaging device 100B. Next, the operation will be described. Fig. 9 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the imaging apparatus 100B of fig. 8. In embodiment 2, 2 light sources 112_1 and 112_2 are simultaneously turned on. The 2 reference beams S1_1 and S1_2 are simultaneously irradiated to the object, and the reflected beams S2_1 and S2_2 corresponding to these beams are also simultaneously incident on the photodetector 120B. 1 st detection intensity b_rWith the 2 nd detection intensity b_rΛ is simultaneously generated by 2 detectors 122_1, 122_ 2. Otherwise, the same as in embodiment 1 was applied.

According to embodiment 2, as in embodiment 1, a high-quality restored image G (x, y) with reduced noise can be obtained.

Further, since 2 reference lights S1_1 and S1_2 can be simultaneously irradiated, the measurement time of 1 frame can be set to half that of embodiment 1.

Alternatively, when the measurement time for 1 frame is made the same, the irradiation time of the reference light S1_1 or S1_2 may be 2 times for each pattern. In this case, the signal levels for detecting br, br ^ can be increased, and the 1 st restored image G before synthesis can be improved₁(x, y) and 2 nd restored image G₂The image quality of each of (x, y) and, in turn, the image quality of the final image G (x, y) can be improved.

In addition, at the 1 st wavelength λ₁With 2 nd wavelength lambda₂Is greatly differentIn this case, the following situation occurs: the reflectivity for the same object is significantly different. In this case, it is preferable to perform the reflectance correction.

For the reflectivity correction, the 1 st wavelength λ with a uniform intensity distribution (e.g., maximum intensity or 1 for all pixels) is used₁The 1 st reference light S1_1 is irradiated to the object, and the detection intensity b at that time is acquired₀. Furthermore, the 2 nd wavelength λ will have the same intensity distribution (note not complementary)₂The reference light S1_2 is irradiated to the same object, and the detection intensity b at that time is obtained₀＾。b₀And b₀Lambd and wavelength λ for the object₁、λ₂Is proportional to the reflectivity of the light source. B obtained by the arithmetic processing unit 130₀、b₀Intensity b of detection of 1 st obtained after the alignment of_r2 nd detection intensity b_rAt least one of Λ is corrected.

For example, b may be used as it is_rB is mixing_rCoefficient of Λ multiplied by b₀＾/b₀To make a correction, and use the corrected b_rThe correlation is calculated for. On the contrary, b may be used as it is_rΛ, will b_rMultiplication by a factor b₀/b₀Correction for Λ, and using b after correction_rTo perform a correlation calculation.

Alternatively, when the intensity of the input light beam S0 before patterning can be adjusted, the intensity of the light generated by the light source 112 may be corrected. Alternatively, the 1 st wavelength λ may not be adjusted₁To the 2 nd wavelength lambda of the input light beam S0₂Becomes b in intensity of the input light beam S0₀＾/b₀And (4) doubling. Conversely, the 2 nd wavelength λ may not be adjusted₂To the 1 st wavelength λ of the input light beam S0₁Becomes b in intensity of the input light beam S0₀/b₀Λ times.

(modification 2.1)

In embodiment 2, the 2 light sources 112_1 and 112_2 may be alternately turned on to alternately emit the 2 reference lights S1_1 and S1_ 2.

(modification 2.2)

The reconstruction processing unit 134 may calculate the 1 st correlation expression of expression (2) using the result of the M times of irradiation of the 1 st reference light S1_1, and may perform reconstruction on the 1 st restored image G₁₍x, y) are reconstructed. Further, the 2 nd correlation expression of expression (3) may be calculated using the result of irradiating the 2 nd reference light S1_ 2M times, and the 2 nd restored image G may be subjected to₂(x, y) performing reconstruction. Furthermore, the 2 restored images G may be combined₁₍x，y)、G₂The pixels corresponding to (x, y) are added to each other, thereby generating the final restored image G (x, y). In this case, the influence of noise can be eliminated.

(modification 2.3)

In the above description, 2 patterns having complementary intensity distributions are used for noise cancellation, but not limited thereto. In modification 1.3, the reconstruction processing unit 134 calculates the 1 st correlation expression of expression (2) using the result of irradiating the 1 st reference light S1_ 1M times, and performs reconstruction on the 1 st restored image G₁(x, y), and calculates the 2 nd correlation formula of formula (3) using the result of irradiating the 2 nd reference light S1_ 2M times, and performs reconstruction on the 2 nd restoration image G₂(x, y) performing reconstruction.

The 2 restored images G may be combined₁₍x，y)、G₂Of (x, y), the one with the better image quality is selected as the final image. For example, it is also possible to select one of the objects whose outline is clear. This does not provide the noise canceling effect, but can select a pattern more suitable for the subject, and therefore can improve the image quality.

(embodiment mode 3)

Fig. 10 is a diagram showing an image forming apparatus 100C according to embodiment 3. The imaging device 100C is a correlation function image sensor using the principle of ghost imaging, as in embodiments 1 and 2.

The lighting device 110C irradiates 2 reference lights S1_1, S1_2 to spatially different positions. Their intensity distributions are in a complementary relationship. In the present embodiment, the 2 reference lights S1_1 and S1_2 have the same wavelength and are simultaneously irradiated. In embodiment 3, 2 reference lights S1_1, S1_2 are treated as 1 reference light S1.

The photodetector 120 simultaneously detects the reflected lights S2_1 and S2_2 corresponding to the 2 reference lights S1_1 and S1_ 2. Detection intensity b_rThe energy of the 2 reflected lights S2_1 and S2_2 obtained by the r-th irradiation is shown. Note that, in embodiment 3, b is_rIs contained in b_r。

The reconstruction processing unit 134 determines the connection strength distribution I_r(x, y) and I_rLambdas (x, y), the intensity distribution of the reference light S1 is generated, and 1 restored image G (x, y) is reconstructed by taking the correlation with the detected intensity br.

According to this imaging device 100C, a 2-fold range can be sensed.

(example 3)

Fig. 11 (a) and 11 (b) are views showing a lighting device 110C according to example 3. The basic structure of the illumination device 110C includes a 1 st light source 112_1, a 2 nd light source 112_2, and a DMD116 as a patterning device 114.

In the illumination device 110A or 110B, the input light beams S0_1, S0_2 incident into the same pixel (micromirror) are reflected in substantially the same direction, so that the 2 output light beams S1_1 and S1_2 illuminate substantially the same overlapping area.

As shown in FIG. 11 (b), in embodiment 3, the off-angle θ of the 2 output light beams S1_1 and S1_2 with respect to the Z axis in the YZ plane₁、θ₂Different.

The above is the configuration of the illumination device 110C. Next, the operation will be described. Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating an operation of the illumination device 110C in fig. 11. Regarding the 1 st output light beam S1_1 and the 2 nd output light beam S1_2, since the exit angle θ in the yz plane is different, different regions deviated from the y-axis direction are irradiated. The 2 output light beams S1_1, S1_2 have complementary intensity distributions I_r(x，y)、I_rThe points for ^ (x, y) are the same as for embodiment 1.

The above is the operation of the lighting device 110C. According to the lighting device 110C, complementary patterns can be irradiated to regions that do not spatially overlap. The irradiation of the 2 patterns may be performed simultaneously or differently, and may be determined according to the application.

Next, the use of the illumination device 110C of embodiment 3 will be described. The illumination device 110C can be used for an imaging device, as with the illumination device 110A.

(embodiment mode 4)

The imaging device 100D of embodiment 4 is configured to generate 2 beams of reference light S1_1 and S1_2 in a time-division manner in embodiment 3 (fig. 10). In embodiment 4, the 1 st detection intensity b is obtained by irradiating the 1 st reference light S1_1_rThe 2 nd detection intensity b is obtained by irradiating the 2 nd reference light S1_2_rΛ. The reconstruction processing unit 134 generates the 1 st restoration image G in the irradiation range of the 1 st reference light S1_1₁₍x, y), the 2 nd restoration image G is generated for the irradiation range of the 2 nd reference light S1_2₂(x, y). Then, 2 restored images G are generated₁₍x，y)、G₂(x, y) stitching to generate an image of the entire illumination field.

(embodiment 5)

In embodiment 3 ((fig. 10)), 2 beams of reference light S1_1 and S1_2 may be used at the wavelength λ₁、λ₂Different and they are irradiated simultaneously. In this case, the photodetector 120 may be configured as shown in fig. 8. This allows the images of the irradiation regions of the 2 reference beams S1_1 and S1_2 to be restored individually.

The following features can be added to embodiments 3 to 5.

(wavelength control)

The light sources 112_1 and 112_2 may be configured to be able to emit 2 input light beams S0_1 and S0_2 at the wavelength λ₁、λ₂And (5) controlling. The wavelength λ may be adjusted to the color or material of the subject₁、λ₂And (6) optimizing. Specifically, it is preferable to select a wavelength having a high reflectance based on the color or material of the subject. For example, the reference light S1_1 is caused to be irradiated to the 1 st object, and the reference light S1_2 is caused to be irradiated to the 2 nd object. When the color of the 1 st object is red and the color of the 2 nd object is blue, the wavelength λ may be set₁Near red to make the wavelength lambda₂Close to blue.

Alternatively, the 1 st object and the 2 nd object are different in material and have a wavelength λ₁、λ₂In the case of infrared light, it is preferable to select a wavelength having a high reflectance for each material.

Alternatively, the wavelength may be selected according to the environment of the cycle. For example, in the case where rain, fog, snow, sand storm, smoke, or the like is generated, a specific wavelength is easily absorbed in propagation of light. In such a case, it is preferable to select a wavelength that is difficult to be absorbed in propagation.

For example, for the reference light S1 # (# ═ 1, 2), the intensity distribution is made uniform (1 for all pixels), and the wavelength λ is made uniform_#Scanning (sweep) is performed. Further, the wavelength λ at which the detection intensity is maximum may be obtained_#To determine the optimum wavelength.

(intensity control)

The light sources 112_1 and 112_2 may be configured to be able to control the intensities of the 2 input light beams S0_1 and S0_ 2. In this case, the intensity may be dynamically changed according to the distance to the object or the reflectance of the object.

The present invention has been described above based on the embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments are merely illustrative, and various modifications are possible in the combination of their respective constituent elements or respective processing procedures, and such modifications are also within the scope of the present invention. Hereinafter, such a modification will be described.

(use)

Next, the use of the imaging apparatus 100 will be explained. Fig. 13 is a block diagram of the object recognition system 10. The object recognition system 10 is mounted on a vehicle such as an automobile or a motorcycle, and determines the type (category) of an object OBJ present around the vehicle.

The object recognition system 10 includes an imaging device 100 and an arithmetic processing device 40. As described above, the imaging device 100 irradiates the object OBJ with the reference light S1 and measures the reflected light S2 to generate the restored image G of the object OBJ.

The arithmetic processing device 40 processes the output image G of the imaging device 100 and determines the position and type (type) of the object OBJ.

The classifier 42 of the arithmetic processing device 40 receives the image G as an input, and determines the position and the type of the object OBJ included therein. The classifier 42 is implemented based on a model generated by mechanical learning. The algorithm of the classifier 42 is not particularly limited, but may be implemented by YOLO (You Only see Once), SSD (Single Shot MultiBox Detector), R-CNN (Region-based Convolutional Neural Network), SPPnet (Spatial Pyramid Pooling), Faster R-CNN, DSSD (Deconvolution-SSD), and Mask R-CNN, or may be implemented by algorithms developed in the future.

The above is the configuration of the object recognition system 10. As the sensor of the object recognition system 10, the following advantages can be obtained by using the imaging device 100.

By using the imaging device 100, i.e., a quantum radar camera, noise resistance is greatly improved. For example, in the case of rainfall, snowfall, or traveling in fog, although it is difficult to visually recognize the object OBJ, the use of the imaging device 100 makes it possible to obtain the restored image G of the object OBJ without being affected by rain, snow, or fog.

Further, a high-quality image with reduced noise influence can be obtained by using the imaging apparatus 100 of the embodiment.

(use)

Fig. 14 is a diagram showing an automobile provided with the object recognition system 10. The automobile 300 includes headlamps 302L, 302R. The imaging device 100 is built in at least one of the headlamps 302L, 302R. The headlight 302 is located at the foremost end of the vehicle body, and is most advantageous as the installation position of the imaging device 100 in detecting surrounding objects.

Fig. 15 is a block diagram showing a vehicle lamp 200 including an object detection system 210. The vehicle lamp 200 constitutes a lamp system 310 together with the vehicle-side ECU 304. The vehicle lamp 200 includes a light source 202, a lighting circuit 204, and an optical system 206. Further, the vehicle lamp 200 is provided with an object detection system 210. The object detection system 210 corresponds to the object recognition system 10, and includes the imaging device 100 and the arithmetic processing device 40.

The information on the object OBJ detected by the arithmetic processing device 40 may be used for light distribution control of the vehicle lamp 200. Specifically, lamp-side ECU208 generates an appropriate light distribution pattern based on the information on the type and position of object OBJ generated by arithmetic processing device 40. Lighting circuit 204 and optical system 206 operate to obtain the light distribution pattern generated by lamp-side ECU 208.

Further, information on the object OBJ detected by the arithmetic processing device 40 may be transmitted to the vehicle-side ECU 304. The vehicle-side ECU may perform automatic driving based on the information.

Although the present invention has been described in terms of specific embodiments, the embodiments are merely illustrative of one aspect of the principle and application of the present invention, and many modifications and variations of the arrangement and the embodiment are possible without departing from the scope of the concept of the present invention defined in the claims.

[ Industrial availability ]

The present invention relates to an imaging apparatus using ghost imaging.

[ description of reference numerals ]

OBJ object

10 object recognition system

40 arithmetic processing device

42 classifier

100 image forming apparatus

110 lighting device

112 light source

114 patterning device

116 DMD

118 micro mirror

120 photo detector

130 arithmetic processing device

132 pattern generator

134 reconstruction processing unit

200 vehicle lamp

202 light source

204 lighting circuit

206 optical system

300 automobile

302 head lamp

310 luminaire system

304 vehicle-side ECU