阅读说明：本技术 一种重油四组分分离方法 (Heavy oil four-component separation method ) 是由 修远 曹青 何盛宝 文大为 肖占敏 田林 杨定忠 窦民娜 赫丽娜 王春燕 陈菲 于 2020-03-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种重油四组分分离方法,该方法包括将重油用第一溶剂分散后,加入重油四组分分离单元,流经过滤盘和色谱柱,使用第一溶剂冲洗,得到饱和分洗脱液；切换柱前流路切换阀和柱后流路切换阀,将第二溶剂加入冲洗,流经过滤盘和旁路管线,得到沥青质洗脱液；切换柱前流路切换阀和柱后流路切换阀,将第二溶剂加入冲洗,流经过滤盘和色谱柱,得到芳香分洗脱液；依次将第三溶剂、第二溶剂、第四溶剂加入冲洗,得到胶质洗脱液,使用接收装置分别收集得到的洗脱液。通过本发明的方法,可实现多路溶剂的平行分流预热；将多路洗脱液自动接收,从而实现重油四组分的自动化快速分离,从而节约时间,减少人工引起的操作误差,提高分离测定的精密度。(The invention discloses a heavy oil four-component separation method, which comprises the steps of dispersing heavy oil by using a first solvent, adding the heavy oil four-component separation unit, flowing through a filter disc and a chromatographic column, and washing by using the first solvent to obtain saturated component eluent; switching the pre-column flow path switching valve and the post-column flow path switching valve, adding a second solvent for washing, and allowing the second solvent to flow through the filter disc and the bypass pipeline to obtain asphaltene eluent; switching the pre-column flow path switching valve and the post-column flow path switching valve, adding a second solvent for washing, and passing through a filter disc and a chromatographic column to obtain an aromatic eluent; and sequentially adding a third solvent, a second solvent and a fourth solvent for washing to obtain colloid eluent, and respectively collecting the obtained eluents by using a receiving device. By the method, parallel shunting preheating of multiple paths of solvents can be realized; the multi-channel eluent is automatically received, so that the automatic and rapid separation of four components of the heavy oil is realized, the time is saved, the operation error caused by manpower is reduced, and the precision of separation and determination is improved.)

1. A heavy oil four-component separation method is applied to an automatic heavy oil four-component separation device and is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, dispersing heavy oil with a first solvent, adding the heavy oil into a heavy oil four-component separation unit, sequentially passing through a filter disc and a chromatographic column, and washing the heavy oil four-component separation unit with the first solvent to obtain a saturated fraction eluent;

s2, switching the pre-column flow path switching valve and the post-column flow path switching valve, adding a second solvent into the heavy oil four-component separation unit for washing, and sequentially passing through a filter disc and a bypass pipeline to obtain asphaltene eluent;

s3, switching the flow path switching valve before the column and the flow path switching valve after the column, adding a second solvent into the heavy oil four-component separation unit for washing, and sequentially passing through a filter disc and a chromatographic column to obtain an aromatic eluent;

s4, sequentially adding a third solvent, a second solvent and a fourth solvent into the heavy oil four-component separation unit for washing to obtain colloid eluent; the eluates obtained in S1 to S4 were collected by a receiver.

2. The heavy oil four-component separation method according to claim 1, further comprising step S5: and removing the solvent from the collected eluent of each component to obtain four components of the separated heavy oil.

3. The heavy oil four-component separation method according to claim 1, wherein the heavy oil four-component automatic separation apparatus comprises:

a solvent storage tank;

a heavy oil four-component separation unit comprising:

one end of the filter disc is communicated with the solvent liquid storage tank, and the other end of the filter disc is communicated with an inlet of the pre-column flow path switching valve;

a chromatographic column having an inlet communicating with the outlet of the pre-column flow path switching valve and an outlet communicating with the inlet of the post-column flow path switching valve;

a bypass line having one end communicating with the other outlet of the pre-column flow path switching valve and the other end communicating with the other inlet of the post-column flow path switching valve; and

and a receiver communicating with the outlet of the post-column flow path switching valve.

4. The heavy oil four-component separation method according to claim 1, further comprising a sample loading device disposed between the filter tray and the solvent reservoir.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising a pump disposed between the solvent reservoir and the sample loading device.

6. The heavy oil four-component separation method according to claim 1, wherein the number of the heavy oil four-component separation units is n, wherein n is an integer of 1 or more.

7. The heavy oil four-component separation method according to claim 1, further comprising a liquid diversion device provided between the solvent reservoir and the heavy oil four-component separation unit; the liquid flow dividing device comprises a liquid distributor and n paths of metal pipes with equal back pressure, and the liquid outlet ends of the n paths of metal pipes with equal back pressure are connected with the liquid inlet ends of the heavy oil four-component separation units in equal quantity.

8. The heavy oil four-component separation method according to claim 7, wherein the liquid separator comprises an inlet and n outlets, wherein the inlet of the liquid separator is used as a liquid inflow end, and the n outlets of the liquid separator are connected with the inlets of the n metal pipes with equal back pressure.

9. The heavy oil four-component separation method according to claim 8, wherein the liquid separator is one or more tee or more multi-pass pipes, the branch pipes of the multi-pass pipes have the same inner diameter and the same total length, the inner diameter of the n metal pipes with the same back pressure is 0.05-0.5 mm, and the length-diameter ratio is 5000: 1-50000: 1.

10. The heavy oil four-component separation method according to claim 9, wherein the liquid dividing device further comprises a heating element.

11. The heavy oil four-component separation method according to claim 10, wherein the liquid dividing device further comprises a fixing member, the fixing member is a metal sheet with a groove and is arranged on the heating element, and the n metal pipes with equal back pressure are wound on the fixing member in a partitioned manner.

12. The heavy oil four-component separation method according to claim 1, further comprising a column oven, wherein the heavy oil four-component separation unit is arranged in the column oven, a heater and a fan are further arranged in the column oven, and the fan is arranged behind the heater.

13. The heavy oil four-component separation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filter disc is provided with one or more layers of filter membranes, and the pore size of the filter membranes is 0.1-100 microns.

14. The heavy oil four-component separation method according to claim 1,

the filler of the chromatographic column is alumina, and the specific surface area of the filler is 150-200 m²The pore volume is 0.25-0.35 mL/g, wherein the mass of the alumina with the particle size of 60-200 microns accounts for 60-80% of the total mass of the filler;

the dosage of the alumina is not less than 20g/g of heavy oil sample;

the height-diameter ratio of the filled alumina column layer is not less than 5: 1, density not less than 0.8g/m³。

15. The heavy oil four-component separation method according to claim 1, wherein the receiving device is an automatic eluent receiver, and further comprises a receiving container, a transmission device and a liquid channel, the receiving container is arranged at the bottom of the box body, the transmission device is arranged above the receiving container, the liquid channel is arranged on the transmission device, and the outlet surface of the liquid channel is in butt joint with the receiver.

16. The heavy oil four-component separation method according to claim 15, wherein the receiving device further comprises:

the heating component is arranged on the outer surface of the receiving container;

the ventilation hole is formed in the top of the box body;

the receiving container is made of aluminum plastic materials, the thickness of the receiving container is 0.1-1 mm, and the capacity of the receiving container is 10-50 mL.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a heavy oil four-component separation method, in particular to a separation method applied to an automatic heavy oil four-component separation device.

Background

The four components of the heavy oil are one of the important physicochemical properties of the asphalt and the heavy oil, and are obtained by separating a sample into asphaltene, a saturated component, an aromatic component and colloid and respectively measuring the mass percentages of the asphaltene, the saturated component, the aromatic component and the colloid.

At present, NB/SH/T0509-: (1) preparing an alumina chromatographic column filler, namely activating commercial alumina at 500 ℃ for 6 hours, then adding 1% of water, violently shaking, standing for 24 hours, and enabling the effective period to be only one week; (2) separating the asphaltene, namely heating and refluxing a sample in n-heptane for 0.5-1 hour, standing for 1 hour, filtering, washing the container with hot n-heptane for multiple times, refluxing and extracting filter paper with precipitate for 1 hour with n-heptane, refluxing and extracting the filter paper with toluene for 1 hour, and finally extracting the toluene to dryness to obtain an extract, weighing to obtain the asphaltene content; (3) filling a chromatographic column, namely adding the alumina prepared in the step (1) into a glass adsorption column tube, and gently beating the adsorption column tube to enable the adsorption column tube to be tightly filled; (4) separating saturated components, aromatic components and colloid, namely prewetting with n-heptane, adding the non-asphaltene solution obtained in the step (2), and eluting with n-heptane, toluene and toluene-ethanol respectively to obtain saturated components, aromatic components and colloid; (5) weighing the components, namely removing most of the solvent from the solution of the components obtained in the step (4) by using a distillation device, then putting the solution of the components into a vacuum oven for 1h, taking out the solution, cooling and weighing.

The following problems mainly exist in the application of the standard at present: (1) the steps are complicated, the labor intensity of operators is high, the analysis time is too long, and two days are needed for one sample; (2) in order to ensure that data is accurate, a sample needs to be measured twice in parallel, the steps are complicated, the occupied area of required experimental equipment is large, a floor-type fume hood is needed, and the simultaneous analysis of multiple channels and multiple samples is difficult to realize; (3) because the preparation and filling of the alumina are carried out manually, the alumina fillers obtained in various laboratories have larger property difference, short quality guarantee period and insufficiently compact filling, and the separation effect is influenced; (4) the column separation process is pressurized by gravity and a duplex ball, the elution speed is slow and cannot be controlled, and the separation repeatability is influenced; (5) 150-250 mL glass conical bottles are used when the asphaltene reflows and receives other three components, the mass of the container per se exceeds 100g, the components in the dried components are less than 1g, even less than 0.1g, and the weighing error caused by the mass of the container is large; (6) about 500mL of volatile organic solvent such as n-heptane, toluene and the like is needed to be used for each sample, which brings many hidden dangers to the health of operators and the safety and environmental protection of laboratories. Therefore, a four-component separation device with simple steps, high automation degree, good separation effect and small solvent consumption is urgently needed to be developed, and a foundation is laid for developing a four-component determination method with good precision, time and labor conservation, safety and environmental protection.

The american society for testing and materials has a similar method standard ASTM D4124, and the major improvement of ASTM D4124 over the separation device in NB/SH/T0509 is the use of a plunger pump to control the flow rate of the elution solvent in step (4) to improve the speed and reproducibility of the separation. The patent CN207366580U uses a peristaltic pump to control the flow rate of the elution solvent, and uses an angle divider to realize the automatic switching of the elution solvent and the automatic receiving of the elution components, and adds a solvent condensation recycling device. The automatic heavy oil four-component tester (model is BN-118) produced by Dalian energy petroleum instrument Limited company is additionally provided with an automatic column mounting device on the basis of realizing the control of flow rate by a pump, automatic solvent switching, elution component collection and solvent recovery, and replaces manual knocking in the step (3) by mechanical vibration. However, when the four-component separation is carried out using the above apparatus, the following problems still remain: (1) the asphaltene still needs to be separated according to the step (2), and the complicated operation of the step cannot be omitted; (3) the receiving container is still a 150-250 mL glass conical flask, and weighing errors caused by overlarge container mass still cannot be avoided; (4) the separation still adopts a chromatographic column filled in a glass tube, the separation time is long, and the solvent dosage is large. Therefore, the four-component separation by using the improved equipment is still a process which is long in time consumption and multiple in manual steps, and the convenience and the accuracy of the four-component measurement are influenced.

Medium-pressure preparative chromatography refers to liquid-phase preparative chromatography operating at 5-20 bar, generally with pressure provided by a pump. Compared with the normal pressure or low pressure chromatographic column, the medium pressure chromatographic column uses thinner filler which can be packed more tightly, and the corresponding column efficiency is higher; since the solvent flows under pressure, the back pressure of the chromatographic column can be higher, and thus the column efficiency can be improved by increasing the length of the column; the medium-pressure preparation chromatographic solvent has controllable flow rate, can realize gradient elution, and has the advantages of good separation repeatability, short separation time and less solvent consumption. In addition, compared with the high-pressure liquid phase preparative chromatography, the medium-pressure chromatography has lower prices of instruments and chromatographic columns, and the chromatographic columns can even be made into disposable consumables. Therefore, the medium-pressure preparative chromatography has wide application in the industries of food, pharmacy and the like, and is a high-efficiency, economic and fine chromatographic separation means.

However, medium-pressure preparative chromatography has not yet been successfully applied to the separation of four components of heavy oil. The difficulty of realizing the separation of four components of heavy oil with rapidness, accuracy, high automation degree and less solvent consumption by using the medium-pressure preparative chromatography is as follows: (1) the asphaltene separation step is changed into a mode which can be automatically carried out on line; (2) the medium-pressure chromatographic column with smaller volume is used for realizing four-component separation effect which is equivalent to or better than that of the large-size chromatographic column in the original standard; (3) the on-line four-component eluent collection and synchronous solvent and constant weight removal are realized, and the weighing error is reduced; (4) a shunting and solvent preheating device is arranged on the basis of (1) - (3), so that simultaneous separation of multiple channels is realized, and the requirements of multiple samples and parallel tests are met. At present, no method can overcome any one of the difficulties.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a heavy oil four-component separation method, which is applied to an automatic heavy oil four-component separation device, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

s1, dispersing heavy oil with a first solvent, adding the heavy oil into a heavy oil four-component separation unit, sequentially passing through a filter disc and a chromatographic column, and washing the heavy oil four-component separation unit with the first solvent to obtain a saturated fraction eluent;

s2, switching the pre-column flow path switching valve and the post-column flow path switching valve, adding a second solvent into the heavy oil four-component separation unit for washing, and sequentially passing through a filter disc and a bypass pipeline to obtain asphaltene eluent;

s3, switching the flow path switching valve before the column and the flow path switching valve after the column, adding a second solvent into the heavy oil four-component separation unit for washing, and sequentially passing through a filter disc and a chromatographic column to obtain an aromatic eluent;

s4, sequentially adding a third solvent, a second solvent and a fourth solvent into the heavy oil four-component separation unit for washing to obtain colloid eluent; the eluates obtained in S1 to S4 were collected by a receiver.

In one embodiment, the method further includes step S5: and removing the solvent from the collected eluent of each component to obtain four components of the separated heavy oil.

In one embodiment, the automatic heavy oil four-component separation device comprises a solvent storage tank; a heavy oil four-component separation unit and a receiving device. The heavy oil four-component separation unit comprises a filter disc, one end of the filter disc is communicated with the solvent liquid storage tank, and the other end of the filter disc is communicated with an inlet of the pre-column flow path switching valve; a chromatographic column having an inlet communicating with the outlet of the pre-column flow path switching valve and an outlet communicating with the inlet of the post-column flow path switching valve; a bypass line having one end communicating with the other outlet of the pre-column flow path switching valve and the other end communicating with the other inlet of the post-column flow path switching valve; the receiving device communicates with an outlet of the post-column flow path switching valve.

In one embodiment, the device further comprises a sample loading device which is arranged between the filter disc and the solvent storage tank.

In one embodiment, the device further comprises a pump arranged between the solvent storage tank and the sample loading device.

In one embodiment, the number of heavy oil four-component separation units is n, wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

In one embodiment, the device further comprises a liquid shunting device arranged between the solvent liquid storage tank and the heavy oil four-component separation unit; the liquid flow dividing device comprises a liquid distributor and n paths of metal pipes with equal back pressure, and the liquid outlet ends of the n paths of metal pipes with equal back pressure are connected with the liquid inlet ends of the heavy oil four-component separation units in equal quantity.

In one embodiment, the liquid separator comprises an inlet and n outlets, wherein the inlet of the liquid separator is used as the liquid inflow end, and the n outlets of the liquid separator are connected with the inlets of the n metal tubes with equal back pressure.

In one embodiment, the liquid separator is one or more tee or more multi-way pipes, the branch pipes of the multi-way pipes have the same inner diameter and the same total length, the inner diameter of the n metal pipes with the same back pressure is 0.05-0.5 mm, and the length-diameter ratio is 5000: 1-50000: 1.

In an embodiment, the liquid diversion device further comprises a heating element.

In one embodiment, the liquid diversion device further comprises a fixing element, the fixing element is a metal sheet with a groove and is arranged on the heating element, and the n paths of metal pipes with equal back pressure are wound on the fixing element in a partitioning mode.

In one embodiment, the heavy oil four-component separation device further comprises a column temperature box, the heavy oil four-component separation unit is arranged in the column temperature box, a heater and a fan are further arranged in the column temperature box, and the fan is arranged behind the heater.

In one embodiment, the filter disc is provided with one or more layers of filter membranes, and the pore size of the filter membranes is 0.1-100 microns.

In one embodiment, the filler of the chromatographic column is alumina, and the specific surface area of the filler is 150-200 m²The pore volume is 0.25-0.35 mL/g, wherein the mass of the alumina with the particle size of 60-200 microns accounts for 60-80% of the total mass of the filler; the dosage of the alumina is not less than 20g/g of heavy oil sample; the height-diameter ratio of the filled alumina column layer is not less than 5: 1, density not less than 0.8g/m³。

In one embodiment, the receiving device is an automatic eluent receiving device, and further comprises a receiving container, a transmission device and a liquid channel, wherein the receiving container, the transmission device and the liquid channel are arranged in the box body, the receiving container is arranged at the bottom of the box body, the transmission device is arranged above the receiving container, the liquid channel is arranged on the transmission device, and an outlet face of the liquid channel is in butt joint with the receiving container.

In one embodiment, the receiving device further comprises a heating component arranged on the outer surface of the receiving container; the ventilation hole is formed in the top of the box body; the receiving container is made of aluminum plastic material, and has a thickness of 0.1-1 mm and a capacity of 10-50 mL.

The method for automatically separating the four components of the heavy oil can realize the on-line automatic separation and receiving of the asphaltene, the saturated component, the aromatic component and the colloid, and can remove the solvent in the asphaltene, the saturated component, the aromatic component and the colloid. In the four-component separation process, the asphaltene can be automatically separated on line by arranging the filter disc and the flow path switching valve, so that the complicated separation steps are omitted, the steps of manual operation are reduced, the time and the solvent consumption are greatly saved, the operation error caused by manual operation can be reduced, the deviation is reduced, and the precision of separation and determination is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure and solvent flow path of an automatic heavy oil four-component separation apparatus to which the separation method of the present invention is applied;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a liquid diversion apparatus to which an embodiment of the separation method of the present invention is applied;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a liquid dividing device to which another embodiment of the separation method of the present invention is applied;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a metal tube zoned wound on a heating element using the separation method of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a receiving device according to an embodiment of the separation method of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of one step of the heavy oil four-component separation process of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a flow chart of another step of the heavy oil four-component separation method of the present invention.

Wherein, the reference numbers:

1 solvent storage tank

100 heavy oil four-component separation unit

2 Pump

3 sample loading device

4 Filter disc

5-column front flow path switching valve

6 chromatographic column

7 bypass line

8 post-column flow path switching valve

9 receiving device

10-column incubator

11 heating element

12 metal tube

13 fixing element

14 Heat exchange Box Top cover

15 case body

16 receiving container

17 drive unit

18 heating element

19 Vent hole

20 liquid channel

S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5 steps

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in order to clearly understand the technical features, objects, and advantages of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the practical scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 6 and 7, a flow chart of the steps of the heavy oil four-component separation method of the present invention is shown. The heavy oil four-component separation method comprises the following steps:

s1, dispersing heavy oil with a first solvent, adding the heavy oil into a heavy oil four-component separation unit 100, sequentially passing through a filter disc 4 and a chromatographic column 6, and washing the heavy oil four-component separation unit 100 with the first solvent to obtain a saturated fraction eluent;

s2, switching the pre-column flow path switching valve 5 and the post-column flow path switching valve 8, adding a second solvent into the heavy oil four-component separation unit 100 for washing, and sequentially passing through the filter disc 4 and the bypass pipeline 7 to obtain asphaltene eluent;

s3, switching the pre-column flow path switching valve 5 and the post-column flow path switching valve 8, adding a second solvent into the heavy oil four-component separation unit 100 for washing, and sequentially passing through the filter disc 4 and the chromatographic column 6 to obtain an aromatic component eluent;

s4, sequentially adding a third solvent, a second solvent and a fourth solvent into the heavy oil four-component separation unit 100 for washing to obtain colloid eluent; the eluates obtained in S1 to S4 were collected by the receiver 9.

Further, step S5 is included: and removing the solvent from the collected eluent of each component to obtain four components of the separated heavy oil.

In the heavy oil four-component separation method, the first solvent is an organic solvent which can dissolve saturated components, aromatic components and colloid but can not dissolve asphaltene; preferably C7-C8 alkanes. The second solvent is an organic solvent capable of dissolving asphaltene and aromatic components; preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as toluene or benzene. The third solvent is a mixed solvent composed of the second solvent and monohydric alcohol according to a volume ratio of 0.5-2. The fourth solvent is monohydric alcohol; preferably methanol or ethanol. Wherein the boiling points of the first solvent, the second solvent, the third solvent and the fourth solvent are not more than 150 ℃.

The amount of heavy oil used in step S1 is not greater than 0.05g/g of column packing. The volume of the first solvent for dispersing the heavy oil in step S1 is 1 to 10 times the volume of the heavy oil; the volume of the first solvent used to flush the heavy oil four-component separation unit 100 is not less than 100 times the volume of the heavy oil. The volume of the second solvent used for washing the heavy oil four-component separation unit 100 in step S2 is not less than 100 times the volume of the heavy oil. The volume of the second solvent used for washing the heavy oil four-component separation unit 100 in step S3 is 1 to 10 times, preferably 2 to 6 times the dead volume of the chromatographic column 6. In step S4, the volume of the third solvent used for washing the heavy oil four-component separation unit 100 is 1 to 5 times the dead volume of the column 6, the volume of the second solvent used for washing the heavy oil four-component separation unit 100 is 1 to 5 times the dead volume of the column 6, and the volume of the fourth solvent used for washing the heavy oil four-component separation unit 100 is 1 to 5 times the dead volume of the column 6.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure and solvent flow path of an automatic heavy oil four-component separation apparatus using the separation method of the present invention. The heavy oil is one or a mixture of more of asphalt, vacuum residue oil and catalytic slurry oil, and the four components are asphaltene, colloid, saturated components and aromatic components. In this embodiment, the automatic heavy oil four-component separation device includes a solvent storage tank 1, a heavy oil four-component separation unit 100, and a receiving device 9. The solvent reservoir 1 is filled with a solvent for the separation process, and the direction indicated by the arrow in fig. 1 is the direction of the solvent flow in the device. The pump 2 is arranged between the solvent storage tank 1 and the heavy oil four-component separation unit 100, and the solvent in the solvent storage tank 1 is pumped into the heavy oil four-component separation unit 100 through the pump 2. In addition, optionally, a sample loading device 3 is further disposed between the pump 2 and the heavy oil four-component separation unit 100, and the sample loading device 3 may be a syringe, and may be another sample loading device in other embodiments, which is not limited by the present invention. Heavy oil is added through the sample loading device 3, and the heavy oil and the solvent are mixed in a pipeline and then enter the heavy oil four-component separation unit 100. The flow rate of the pump 2 is 0.5-1.5 mL/min.

With continued reference to fig. 1, the heavy oil four-component separation unit 100 includes a filter tray 4, a pre-column flow path switching valve 5, a chromatography column 6, a bypass line 7, and a post-column flow path switching valve 8. One end of the filter disc 4 is connected to the pump 2. The other end of the filter disk 4 communicates with the inlet of the pre-column flow path switching valve 5. in this embodiment, the pre-column flow path switching valve 5 is a one-in two-out switching valve, and one outlet of the pre-column flow path switching valve 5 communicates with the inlet of the chromatographic column 6, and the other outlet communicates with one end of the bypass line 7. The post-column flow path switching valve 8 is a two-in one-out switching valve, one inlet of the post-column flow path switching valve 8 is communicated with the inlet of the chromatographic column 6, and the other inlet is communicated with the other end of the bypass pipeline 7; further, the outlet of the post-column flow path switching valve 8 communicates with the receiver 9.

The solvent and the heavy oil pumped into the heavy oil four-component separation unit 100 are filtered by the filter disc 4 to separate asphaltenes from the heavy oil, thereby avoiding the complicated step of separating the asphaltenes. In this embodiment, two layers of filter membranes are disposed in the filter disc 4, but in other embodiments, one or more layers of filter membranes may be disposed in the filter disc 4, and the aperture of the filter membrane may be set between 0.1 micron and 100 microns. The material of the filter disc 4 should be selected from materials that are not swelled or dissolved by toluene, n-heptane, ethanol. The filtered solvent enters the chromatographic column 6 or the bypass line 7 through the one-in two-out pre-column flow path switching valve 5.

In the present embodiment, the filler of the chromatographic column 6 is preferably alumina with a specific surface area of 150-200 m²The filler comprises the following components in parts by mass per gram, wherein the pore volume is 0.25-0.35 mL/g, the water content is 0.5-1% (mass fraction), the mass of alumina with the particle size of 60-200 micrometers accounts for 60-80% of the total mass of the filler, and the dosage of the alumina is not less than 20g/g of a heavy oil sample; the height-diameter ratio of the filled alumina column layer is not less than 5: 1, density not less than 0.8g/m³. The heavy oil enters a chromatographic column 6 to separate the contained aromatic components and colloid. The pre-column flow path switching valve 5, the bypass line 7, and the post-column flow path switching valve 8 are designed so that the eluent path can be left and cut out from the column according to the progress of elution. And then discharged from the outlet of the post-column flow path switching valve 8 into the receiver 9.

Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a receiving device in an embodiment of the separation method according to the present invention. In order to realize the automatic on-line receiving and solvent removal of the four-component eluent after the separation of the chromatographic column 6 and solve the problem of the influence of overlarge container mass and the accuracy of the weighing, the preferred receiving device 9 of the invention is an automatic eluent receiving device. Also included are a plurality of receiving containers 16, actuators 17, and fluid channels 20 disposed within the housing 15. The receiving container 16 is provided at the bottom of the casing 15. The actuator 17 is disposed above the receiving container 16, the liquid passage 20 is disposed on the actuator 17, and an outlet of the liquid passage 20 faces the receiving container 16. In addition, the outer surface of the receiving container 16 is provided with a heating component 18; the top of the box body 15 is provided with a vent hole 19. The receiving container 16 is made of a light material, preferably an aluminum-plastic material, and has a thickness of 0.1 to 1mm and a capacity of 10 to 50 mL.

The transmission device 17 can distribute the different eluents discharged from the post-column flow path switching valve 8 to the corresponding receiving containers 16 by the control instruction of the computer. The transmission device 17 can also adopt other modes through the control command of the computer, such as passing different eluents discharged from the post-column flow path switching valve 8 through different liquid channels respectively, and adding the eluents into the receiving container 16 at the corresponding position by moving the receiving container. The transmission 17 may be a linear moving robot or a rotary robot.

Heating element 18 may heat receiving vessel 16 to a temperature of 40 c to 100 c to volatilize the solvent and thereby yield four components of the separated heavy oil. The vent 19 is connected to a laboratory hood or solvent recovery processing device to process or recover the evaporated solvent.

Referring to fig. 1 again, in the present embodiment, the apparatus for automatically separating four components of heavy oil further includes a column oven 10, the unit 100 for separating four components of heavy oil is disposed in the column oven 10, a heater and a fan (not shown) are further disposed in the column oven 10, the fan is disposed behind the heater, and the fan disperses heat generated by the heater into the column oven 10, so that the temperature in the column oven 10 is maintained within a range required by the separation process, and a part of components in the heavy oil is prevented from being separated out from the solvent, thereby affecting the separation effect. The heater and the fan can be externally provided with a shielding case to prevent operators from being scalded due to mistakenly contacting the surface of the heater.

Referring to fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, fig. 2 is a schematic view of a liquid diversion device applying an embodiment of the separation method of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a liquid dividing device to which another embodiment of the separation method of the present invention is applied; FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a metal tube being wound on a heating element in a partitioned manner by applying the separation method of the present invention. In order to ensure the accuracy of the measurement result, at least two parallel experiments are usually performed, and the average value of the experiment results is taken as the final measurement result. It is preferable that more than 2 heavy oil four-component separation units 100 are arranged in parallel in the present invention. And simultaneously, the parallel automatic separation process of the four components of the heavy oil is carried out, so that a plurality of groups of parallel experiments can be simultaneously carried out on the sample, and the experiment time is saved. For this purpose, a liquid diversion device of 3 equal division multipaths or a 4-way multipass joint shown in fig. 2 or fig. 3 is additionally arranged between the sample loading device 3 and the heavy oil four-component separation unit 100. As shown in the figure, the liquid shunting device comprises a liquid distributor and 4 paths of metal pipes with equal back pressure; the liquid separator comprises an inlet and three-way pipes, namely a tee joint-1, a tee joint-2 and a tee joint-3, wherein the inner diameters of all branch pipes of the three-way pipes are equal, the total length of the branch pipes is equal, the inner diameter of the metal pipe 12 with 4 paths of equal back pressure is 0.05-0.5 mm, and the length-diameter ratio is 5000: 1-50000: 1. Furthermore, a heating element 11 may be provided, where the heating element 11 is a metal heating element 11. The heating element 11 is also provided with a fixing element 13. As shown in fig. 4, the fixing element 13 is a metal sheet with a groove, 4 paths of metal pipes 12 with equal back pressure are wound on the fixing element 13 in a partitioning manner, a heat exchange box top cover 14 is arranged outside and covers the heating element 11, and the liquid outlet ends of the 4 paths of metal pipes 12 with equal back pressure are connected with the liquid inlet end of the heavy oil four-component separation unit 100. After being shunted by the liquid shunting device, the solvent is injected into 4 heavy oil four-component separation units 100, so that the automatic separation process of multiple groups of parallel heavy oil four components can be carried out simultaneously, and multiple groups of parallel experiments can be carried out simultaneously; the fixing element 13 can fix the metal tube 12, thereby preventing the metal tube 12 from sliding off the heating element 11 and having no heating effect; the heat exchange box top cover 14 can play a heat preservation effect on the heating element 11 and the metal pipe 12, and ensure that the control temperature is within a required range, and the preferable temperature is 40-60 ℃.

In using the heavy oil four-component separation method of the present invention, the heavy oil is first dispersed using a first solvent such as n-heptane, the dispersed heavy oil is applied to the filter disks 4, and the filter disks 4 are washed using n-heptane. The flow direction of the n-heptane and heavy oil is now liquid inlet-filter disc 4-chromatographic column 6-liquid outlet. When n-heptane is applied and eluted, the n-heptane dissolves saturates, aromatics and gums, but does not dissolve asphaltenes, which are thus trapped on the filter disc 4. The saturates, aromatics and gums, which are soluble in n-heptane, enter the column 6, where the saturates are less polar and not retained by the column 6, and are therefore eluted from the column 6 first, yielding a saturates eluate. The more polar aromatic components and gums remain on the column 6 waiting for further elution.

Subsequently, the pre-column channel switching valve 5 is rotated to cut the column 6. The direction of flow of the liquid is now liquid inlet-filter disc 4-bypass line 7-liquid outlet. The asphaltenes on the filter discs 4 are eluted with a second solvent, for example toluene, and the asphaltenes dissolved in the toluene pass directly to a subsequent detection or collection device 9 without passing through the chromatography column 6. Meanwhile, since the chromatographic column 6 is out of the flow direction and no chromatographic solvent flows, the aromatic components and gums temporarily remaining on the chromatographic column 6 are not affected. When the asphaltenes on the filter discs 4 are completely dissolved by the toluene and eluted to the subsequent detection or collection means 9, the next step is carried out.

The pre-column channel switching valve 5 is rotated again to cut into the column 6. The flow direction of the liquid now returns to: liquid inlet-filter disc 4-chromatographic column 6-liquid outlet. The aromatic fraction is eluted with a second solvent, such as toluene, to give an aromatic fraction eluate, which is analyzed or collected on-line using a subsequent detection or collection device 9. And then keeping the flow direction, eluting by using a third solvent, a second solvent and a fourth solvent in sequence to obtain the eluent containing the colloid, and performing online analysis or collection by using a subsequent detection or collection device 9.

In order to prevent the asphaltene flowing out of the bypass line 7 from flowing back into the column 6, the post-column flow path switching valve 8 and the pre-column flow path switching valve 5 need to be in phase with each other for protection.

When filtering the asphaltene, the temperature of the solvent has a great influence on the dissolution of the non-asphaltene, the temperature is generally preferably 40-60 ℃, and when separating the components, if the solvent is not heated, some components, such as long-chain saturated hydrocarbon, may be separated from the solvent. In order to allow the solvent to be sufficiently preheated before reaching the filter plate 4, the liquid dividing apparatus of the present invention incorporates a heating element 11, and the heating element 11 can heat the solvent in the metal tube 12 to a temperature required for the actual analysis method using metal, heat exchange liquid such as oil bath, or the like. In addition, the heating element 11 can also compensate for errors in the shunt, the principle being as follows: for a plurality of channels in parallel, if the condition of uneven flow distribution pressure exists, the channels with relatively high back pressure are subjected to low actual flow, the solvent has long retention time, sufficient heat exchange and higher temperature, so that the viscosity is reduced, the pressure is reduced, the flow distribution error problem caused by the pipeline processing parallelism can be partially compensated, and the flow consistency of each channel is further ensured.

Of course, in other embodiments, the heavy oil four-component separation unit 100 may be designed in other numbers, and the present invention is not limited thereto. The number of the heavy oil four-component separation units 100 can be represented as n, wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the liquid outlet ends of the n paths of metal pipes with equal back pressure are connected with the liquid inlet ends of the heavy oil four-component separation units 100 in equal number. The liquid separator can be designed into a multi-way pipe with more than three ways, and the number of the liquid separators can also be 1 or more; when the number of the liquid distributors is multiple, the total length of each branch is required to be equal, when the number of the channels is n, each channel is passively shunted, the back pressure of each channel is represented as P1, P2 and P3 … Pn, and when the infusion flow rate of the pump is V, the corresponding infusion flow rate of each channel is represented as V1, V2 and V3 … Vn. The total back pressure P of the diversion channel can be calculated by the following equation:

P＝1/(1/P1+1/P2+1/P3+…+1/Pn)；

the per-channel infusion flow rate Vn can be calculated by the following equation 1:

equation 1: vn is V P/Pn

In particular, in the case of equal lengths of the shunt lines relative to each other, the equation can be converted using the line length for each channel, since the back pressure is proportional to the tube length.

L＝1/(1/L1+1/L2+1/L3+…+1/Ln)；

Then Vn is V L/Ln;

l1, L2, L3 … Ln denote the line length of each channel.

For the special case of multi-channel parallel splitting using equal length pipelines, equation 2: vn is V/n

However, because processing problems include, but are not limited to, pipe intercept length, pipe end conditions, internal diameter uniformity, internal wall finish, etc., parallel multi-pass passive splitting, the splitting accuracy is affected by the parallelism of the pipe pressure. According to equation 1, the actual pressure is lower by Δ Pn, nearSimilarly high flowThe channel with higher actual pressure delta Pn approximately has lower flow The pressure deviation DeltaPn in a certain channel is far less than the average operating pressure of each channelAt the time of the above-mentioned operation,and the flow deviation is negligible close to 0, namely parallel flow division is realized. The number of the branched channels shown in fig. 2 and 3 is 4.

The multi-channel liquid distribution device adopts the multi-channel metal pipes with equal length, the inner diameter of 0.05-0.5 mm and the length-diameter ratio of 5000: 1-50000: 1 as the multi-channel liquid channels, and when the input fluid flows through the metal pipes, the pressure generated by damping of each channel is far larger than the pressure difference among different channels, so that equal flow distribution in each channel of metal pipes is realized, and the cost is lower than that of a device which actively shunts according to the starting time by using a rotary valve or an electromagnetic valve and the like. The metal pipe of each channel can also be divided into a plurality of sections, and the middle parts of the metal pipes are connected by using joints.

Example 1:

a heavy oil four-component separation apparatus structure as shown in fig. 1 was used.

In this embodiment, two three-way solenoid valves are used as the pre-column flow path switching valve 5 and the post-column flow path switching valve 8, and the pre-column flow path switching valve 5 and the post-column flow path switching valve 8 are controlled by software to switch the chromatography solvent output from the outlet of the filter disk 4 and introduce the solvent into the chromatography column 6 or the bypass line 7. In order to prevent the asphaltene flowing out of the bypass line 7 from flowing back into the alumina column 6, the pre-column flow path switching valve 5 and the post-column flow path switching valve 8 are set to have the same phase, thereby performing a protective function.

In this example, a glass fiber filter disk was used, and an alumina column having a filter membrane pore size of 100 μm and a capacity of 12g, a column tube inner diameter of 13mm, and a column length of 110mm was used. The mass of particles with the particle diameter of 60-200 microns in the alumina accounts for 68% of the total mass, and the specific surface area is 175m²The pore volume was 0.33 mL/g.

In the liquid dividing device of the present embodiment, a five-way pipe having 1 inlet and 4 outlets is used as a liquid divider, and as shown in fig. 3, the mobile phase can be divided into 4 paths, wherein the heating element 11 is a metal heater, and the solvent is preheated to 50 ℃ by heat conduction in a manner of direct contact of metal. The metal pipe is made of 316 stainless steel, and has an inner diameter of 0.1mm and a length-diameter ratio of 15000. As shown in fig. 4, the metal tube 12 is coiled on the fixing element 13 on the surface of the heating element 11, and the groove design on the fixing element 13 can separate the 4 pipelines. A heat exchange box top cover 14 made of stainless steel is arranged above the heating element 11. Fig. 4 shows the heat exchange box top cover 14 removed for clarity.

The design of the receiving device 9 in this embodiment is shown in fig. 5, and the receiving device 9 shown in fig. 5 is an automatic eluent receiving device: the liquid flowing out from the back of the post-column flow path switching valve 8 flows into a box body 15 of a receiving device 9 through a pipeline, a transmission device 17 consists of a guide rail which can move back and forth under the control of a motor and an elution solvent outlet, the position of a liquid channel 20 can be controlled by a computer, so that the receiving container 16 for receiving saturated components, asphaltene, aromatic components and colloid is aligned according to requirements in the experimental process, and a heating part 18 is arranged below the receiving container. During the elution process, heating element 18 and receiving vessel 16 are stationary. Similarly, a device with freedom in the direction of the theta axis, which rotates as the composition flows out, may be used to perform this function. In this example, an aluminum plastic sample cup having a thickness of 0.5mm and a capacity of 25mL was used as the receiving container 16. The sample cup is placed on heating element 18 and, while receiving, heated according to application requirements for on-line evaporation of the solvent. The receiving means 9 containing the heating element 18 is enclosed in a closed housing 15. the housing 15 is fitted with an active fan to discharge the evaporated solvent vapor into the vent 19. In this example, the elution and the evaporation of the solvent can be carried out simultaneously under the operating conditions, i.e. the solvent is essentially evaporated to dryness after the elution is completed.

When the four-component automatic heavy oil separation device in the embodiment is used for four-component separation, each path of sample loading, separation and eluent receiving is operated according to the following steps, 4 paths of parallel experiments can be simultaneously performed, only one path is described herein, and the other paths are the same, so that respective parallel experiment results are respectively obtained.

The line between the sample application device 3 and the pre-column flow path switching valve 5 in fig. 1 is directly connected without connecting the filter disk 4. The column 6 is loaded and held in an upright position. The column oven 10 of the instrument is heated to 50 ℃ and the sample receiving means 9 is heated to 70 ℃ by means of the heating element 18. The column 6 is wetted with n-heptane until the effluent at the outlet of the liquid channel 20 of the receiving means 9 is continuous and bubble-free, and the flushing is stopped.

0.2g of sample is weighed into a 25mL beaker to the nearest 0.1mg, 2mL of n-heptane is added to dissolve completely, and all the dispersed mixture is extracted as completely as possible smoothly and rapidly using a syringe. The syringe and the filter disk 4 were connected to the flow path as shown in fig. 1, the filter disk 4 was fixed in the vertical position, and the post-column flow path switching valve 8 was switched to a position where the solvent passed through the column 6. The syringe is slowly and uniformly pushed so that the sample dispersed in n-heptane flows through the filter disk 4 into the column 6. The syringe was then disconnected. 1mL of n-heptane was added to the beaker and shaken well. This washing liquid is drawn up by means of a syringe through the filter disc 4 and into the column 6. The four receiving containers A, B, C, D were dried at 100 deg.C for 30min and cooled in a desiccator. Weighing the empty weight m_A、m_B、m_C、m_DTo an accuracy of 0.1mg, and then placed in the receiving device 9, and the heating part 18 is warmed up to 70 ℃. Eluting with n-heptane at a flow rate of 1mL/min for 40min, and collecting the effluent into container A, which is the saturated fraction of the sample; the pre-column channel switching valve 5 and the post-column channel switching valve 8 are switched so that the channel directly enters the receiver 16 without passing through the column 6. Eluting with toluene at a rate of 1.5mL/min for 15min, and collecting eluateInto vessel B, which is the asphaltene of the sample; the pre-column channel switching valve 5 and the post-column channel switching valve 8 are switched so that the channel passes through the column 6. Eluting with toluene at a flow rate of 1.5mL/min for 15min, and collecting the eluate in container C, which is the aromatic fraction of the sample; using 1: toluene/ethanol, toluene, and ethanol of 1 were eluted at flow rates of 1.5mL/min for 6min each, and the eluates were received in container D, which was a gum of the sample. Desolventizing and constant weight: the elution was stopped and the temperature of the receiver 9 was kept constant until the solvent in the receiver 16 was completely evaporated, and the four receiver vessels A, B, C, D were removed and cooled to room temperature in a desiccator. Weighing the weight M of the components_A、M_B、M_C、M_DTo the nearest 0.1 mg. The contents of saturates, aromatics, colloids and asphaltenes are calculated by using the following formulas respectively:

in the formula:

m is the sample mass, g;

w_Sis the saturated component mass fraction,%;

w_Ais the mass fraction of aromatic components,%;

w_Rmass fraction of colloid,%;

w_Asis the mass fraction of asphaltene;

m_A、m_B、m_C、m_Dthe empty weight of container A, B, C, D, g;

M_A、M_B、M_C、M_Dis the weight of the contained components, g, of container A, B, C, D.

The above procedure can be completed within 4 hours, using about 60mL of n-heptane, 70mL of toluene, 23mL of ethanol for each sample, and manual operation is only required during the loading and weighing stages. The normal pressure residual oil of the Saudi light crude oil is selected as a low asphaltene sample, the vacuum residual oil of the Basela crude oil is selected as a high asphaltene sample, 4 paths of parallel experiments are respectively carried out, the average value and the relative standard deviation are calculated, and the results are shown in the following table:

table 1: example 1 results of measuring four components of heavy oil using an automatic four-component heavy oil separating apparatus

Example 2:

in this example, the same heavy oil four-component separation apparatus structure as in example 1 was used as shown in fig. 1. Wherein the same elements or operation steps are not described herein again. This example differs from example 1 in that:

in this example, a glass fiber filter disk was used, in which the pore diameter of the filter membrane was 0.1 μm and 2g capacity, the inner diameter of the column tube of the column was 8mm, the bed length was 50mm, and the packing density of alumina was 0.8 g/mL. The mass of particles with the particle diameter of 60-200 microns in the alumina accounts for 60% of the total mass, and the specific surface area is 197m²The pore volume was 0.29 mL/g.

The solvent was preheated to 40 ℃ in the liquid dividing device of this example. The metal pipe is made of 316 stainless steel, the inner diameter is 0.05mm, the length-diameter ratio is 50000: 1.

In the receiving apparatus 9 of this embodiment, an aluminum plastic sample cup having a thickness of 0.1mm and a capacity of 10mL is used as the receiving container 16.

The column oven 10 of the instrument is heated to 40 ℃ and the sample receiving means 9 is heated to 40 ℃ by means of the heating element 18. The column 6 is wetted with n-hexane until the effluent at the outlet of the liquid channel 20 of the receiving device 9 is continuous and bubble-free, and the flushing is stopped.

A sample of 0.1g (to the nearest 0.1mg) was weighed into a 10mL beaker, 1mL of n-hexane was added to dissolve it completely, and all the dispersion mixture was extracted as completely as possible smoothly and rapidly using a syringe. The syringe and the filter disk 4 were connected to the flow path as shown in fig. 1, the filter disk 4 was fixed in the vertical position, and the post-column flow path switching valve 8 was switched to a position where the solvent passed through the column 6. The syringe was slowly and uniformly pushed so that the sample dispersed in n-hexane flowed into the column 6 through the filter disk 4. The syringe was then disconnected. 1mL of n-hexane was added to the beaker and shaken well. This washing liquid is drawn up by means of a syringe through the filter disc 4 and into the column 6.

The four receiving containers A, B, C, D were dried at 100 deg.C for 30min and cooled in a desiccator. Weighing the empty weight m_A、m_B、m_C、m_DTo an accuracy of 0.1mg, and then placed in the receiving device 9, and the heating part 18 is warmed up to 40 ℃. Eluting with n-hexane at flow rate of 0.5mL/min for 5min, and collecting the effluent into container A, which is the saturated fraction of the sample; the pre-column channel switching valve 5 and the post-column channel switching valve 8 are switched so that the channel directly enters the receiver 16 without passing through the column 6. Eluting with benzene at 0.5mL/min for 20min, and collecting the eluate in container B, which is asphaltene of the sample; the pre-column channel switching valve 5 and the post-column channel switching valve 8 are switched so that the channel passes through the column 6. Eluting with benzene at flow rate of 0.5mL/min for 5min, and collecting the eluate in container C as aromatic component of the sample; using 1: 2, benzene/methanol, benzene, methanol were eluted at a flow rate of 0.5mL/min for 5min each, and the eluate was received in a container D, which was a gum of a sample. Desolventizing and constant weight: the elution was stopped and the temperature of the receiver 9 was kept constant until the solvent in the receiver 16 was completely evaporated, and the four receiver vessels A, B, C, D were removed and cooled to room temperature in a desiccator. Weighing the weight M of the components_A、M_B、M_C、M_DTo the nearest 0.1 mg. The contents of saturates, aromatics, gums and asphaltenes were calculated using the following formulas:

in the formula:

m is the sample mass, g;

w_Sis the saturated component mass fraction,%;

w_Ais the mass fraction of aromatic components,%;

w_Rmass fraction of colloid,%;

w_Asis the mass fraction of asphaltene;

m_A、m_B、m_C、m_Dthe empty weight of container A, B, C, D, g;

M_A、M_B、M_C、M_Dis the weight of the contained components, g, of container A, B, C, D.

The above procedure can be completed within 4 hours, using about 4.5mL of n-hexane, 16mL of benzene, 4mL of methanol for each sample, and manual operation is only required during the loading and weighing stages. The normal pressure residual oil of the Saudi light crude oil is selected as a low asphaltene sample, the vacuum residual oil of the Basela crude oil is selected as a high asphaltene sample, 4 paths of parallel experiments are respectively carried out, the average value and the relative standard deviation are calculated, and the results are shown in the following table:

table 2: example 2 results of measuring four components of heavy oil by using automatic four-component heavy oil separating apparatus

Example 3:

in this example, the same heavy oil four-component separation apparatus structure as in example 1 was used as shown in fig. 1. Wherein the same elements or operation steps are not described herein again. This example differs from example 1 in that:

in this example, a glass fiber filter disk was used, in which the pore diameter of the filter membrane was 2.0. mu.m and the capacity was 20g, the inner diameter of the column tube of the column was 13mm, the bed length was 130mm, and the packing density of alumina was 1.2 g/mL. The mass of particles with the particle diameter of 60-200 microns in the alumina accounts for 79 percent of the total mass, and the specific surface area is 152m²The pore volume is 0.26 mL/g.

The solvent was preheated to 60 ℃ in the liquid dividing device of this example. The metal pipe is made of 316 stainless steel, and is a pipeline with the inner diameter of 0.5mm and the length-diameter ratio of 5000.

In the receiving apparatus 9 of this embodiment, an aluminum plastic sample cup having a thickness of 1mm and a capacity of 50mL is used as the receiving container 16.

The column oven 10 of the instrument is heated to 40 ℃ and the sample receiving means 9 is heated to 60 ℃ by means of the heating element 18. The column 6 is wetted with n-hexane until the effluent at the outlet of the liquid channel 20 of the receiving device 9 is continuous and bubble-free, and the flushing is stopped.

A sample of 0.2g (to the nearest 0.1mg) was weighed into a 10mL beaker, 1mL of n-hexane was added to dissolve it completely, and all the dispersed mixture was extracted as completely as possible smoothly and rapidly using a syringe. The syringe and the filter disk 4 were connected to the flow path as shown in fig. 1, the filter disk 4 was fixed in the vertical position, and the post-column flow path switching valve 8 was switched to a position where the solvent passed through the column 6. The syringe was slowly and uniformly pushed so that the sample dispersed in n-hexane flowed into the column 6 through the filter disk 4. The syringe was then disconnected. 1mL of n-hexane was added to the beaker and shaken well. This washing liquid is drawn up by means of a syringe through the filter disc 4 and into the column 6.

The four receiving containers A, B, C, D were dried at 100 deg.C for 30min and cooled in a desiccator. Weighing the empty weight m_A、m_B、m_C、m_DTo an accuracy of 0.1mg, and then placed in the receiving device 9, and the heating part 18 was warmed up to 60 ℃. Eluting with n-hexane at flow rate of 1mL/min for 70min, and collecting the effluent into container A, which is the saturated fraction of the sample; the pre-column channel switching valve 5 and the post-column channel switching valve 8 are switched so that the channel directly enters the receiver 16 without passing through the column 6. Eluting with toluene at a rate of 1mL/min for 30min, and receiving the eluate into container B, which is the asphaltene of the sample; the pre-column channel switching valve 5 and the post-column channel switching valve 8 are switched so that the channel passes through the column 6. Eluting toluene at a flow rate of 1mL/min for 50min, and receiving the eluent into a container C, wherein the eluent is the aromatic component of the sample; use in sequence 2: toluene/methanol, toluene, and methanol of 1 were eluted at a flow rate of 1.5mL/min for 35min each, and the eluates were received in a container D, which was a gum of a sample. Desolventizing and constant weight: the elution was stopped and the temperature of the receiver 9 was kept constant until the solvent in the receiver 16 was completely evaporated, and the four receiver vessels A, B, C, D were removed and cooled to room temperature in a desiccator. Weighing the weight M of the components_A、M_B、M_C、M_DTo the nearest 0.1 mg. The contents of saturates, aromatics, gums and asphaltenes were calculated using the following formulas:

in the formula:

m is the sample mass, g;

w_Sis the saturated component mass fraction,%;

w_Ais the mass fraction of aromatic components,%;

w_Rmass fraction of colloid,%;

w_Asis the mass fraction of asphaltene;

m_A、m_B、m_C、m_Dthe empty weight of container A, B, C, D, g;

M_A、M_B、M_C、M_Dis the weight of the contained components, g, of container A, B, C, D.

The above operation can be completed within 6 hours, and only manual operation is needed in the loading and weighing stages. The normal pressure residual oil of the Saudi light crude oil is selected as a low asphaltene sample, the vacuum residual oil of the Basela crude oil is selected as a high asphaltene sample, 4 paths of parallel experiments are respectively carried out, the average value and the relative standard deviation are calculated, and the results are shown in the following table:

table 3: example 3 results of measuring four components of heavy oil by using automatic four-component heavy oil separating apparatus

Example 4:

in this example, the same heavy oil four-component separation apparatus structure as in example 1 was used as shown in fig. 1. Wherein the same elements or operation steps are not described herein again. This example differs from example 1 in that:

in this example, a glass fiber filter disk was used, in which the pore diameter of the filter membrane was 50 μm and 20g capacity, the inner diameter of the column tube of the column was 13mm, the length of the column bed was 110mm, and the packing density of alumina was 1.4 g/mL.The mass of particles with the particle diameter of 60-200 microns in the alumina accounts for 65% of the total mass, and the specific surface area is 166m²The pore volume was 0.27 mL/g.

In the liquid dividing device of this embodiment, 2 three-way pipes having 1 inlet and 2 outlets as shown in fig. 2 are used as the liquid divider to divide the mobile phase into 4 paths, but in this embodiment, the liquid dividing device does not include a heating module. The metal pipe is a pipeline with the inner diameter of 0.2mm and the length-diameter ratio of 25000.

In the receiving apparatus 9 of this embodiment, an aluminum plastic sample cup having a thickness of 0.2mm and a capacity of 30mL is used as the receiving container 16.

The column oven 10 of the instrument is heated to 60 ℃ and the sample receiving means 9 is heated to 100 ℃ by means of the heating element 18. The column 6 is wetted with n-heptane until the effluent from the liquid channel outlet 20 of the receiving means 9 is continuous and bubble free, and the flushing is stopped.

0.15g, to the nearest 0.1mg, was weighed into a 25mL beaker and dissolved completely by adding 0.7mL of n-heptane and withdrawing all dispersed mixture as completely as possible smoothly and quickly using a syringe. The syringe and the filter disk 4 were connected to the flow path as shown in fig. 1, the filter disk 4 was fixed in the vertical position, and the post-column flow path switching valve 8 was switched to a position where the solvent passed through the column 6. The syringe is slowly and uniformly pushed so that the sample dispersed in n-heptane flows through the filter disk 4 into the column 6. The syringe was then disconnected. 1mL of n-heptane was added to the beaker and shaken well. This washing liquid is drawn up by means of a syringe through the filter disc 4 and into the column.

The four receiving containers A, B, C, D were dried at 100 deg.C for 30min and cooled in a desiccator. Weighing the empty weight m_A、m_B、m_C、m_DTo an accuracy of 0.1mg, and then placed in the wash-receiving device 9, and the heating unit 18 was warmed to 100 ℃. Eluting with n-heptane at a flow rate of 1.5mL/min for 90min, and receiving the effluent into container A, which is the saturated fraction of the sample; the pre-column channel switching valve 5 and the post-column channel switching valve 8 are switched so that the channel directly enters the receiver 16 without passing through the column 6. Eluting with toluene at a rate of 1.5mL/min for 20min, and collecting the eluate in container B, which is a sampleThe asphaltenes of (a); the pre-column channel switching valve 5 and the post-column channel switching valve 8 are switched so that the channel passes through the column 6. Eluting with toluene at a flow rate of 1.5mL/min for 15min, and collecting the eluate in container C, which is the aromatic fraction of the sample; use in sequence 3: 2, toluene/ethanol, toluene, and ethanol were eluted at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min for 70min, and the eluates were received in a container D, which was a gum of the sample. Desolventizing and constant weight: the elution was stopped and the temperature of the receiver 9 was kept constant until the solvent in the receiver 16 was completely evaporated, and the four receiver vessels A, B, C, D were removed and cooled to room temperature in a desiccator. Weighing the weight M of the components_A、M_B、M_C、M_DTo the nearest 0.1 mg. The contents of saturates, aromatics, gums and asphaltenes were calculated using the following formulas:

in the formula:

m is the sample mass, g;

w_Sis the saturated component mass fraction,%;

w_Ais the mass fraction of aromatic components,%;

w_Rmass fraction of colloid,%;

w_Asis the mass fraction of asphaltene;

m_A、m_B、m_C、m_Dis a container A, B, C, DEmpty weight of (g);

M_A、M_B、M_C、M_Dis the weight of the contained components, g, of container A, B, C, D.

Without solvent preheating, the elution time of each component is prolonged, but the above operation can still be completed within 6 hours, and each sample only needs to be manually operated in the loading and weighing stages. The normal pressure residual oil of the Saudi light crude oil is selected as a low asphaltene sample, the vacuum residual oil of the Basela crude oil is selected as a high asphaltene sample, 4 paths of parallel experiments are respectively carried out, the average value and the relative standard deviation are calculated, and the results are shown in the following table:

table 4: example 4 results of measuring four components of heavy oil by using an automatic four-component heavy oil separator

Example 5:

this embodiment is similar to embodiment 2 described above. Wherein the same elements or operation steps are not described herein again. This example differs from example 2 in that:

in this example, a liquid flow distribution device and a receiving device were not used, and only one elution was performed at the same time.

In this example, a 25mL glass beaker was used as the receiving container 16. The receiving container 16 is manually replaced each time a component is received.

The line between the sample application device 3 and the pre-column flow path switching valve 5 in fig. 1 is directly connected without connecting the filter disk 4. The column 6 is loaded and held in an upright position. The column oven of the instrument was heated to 40 ℃. And wetting the chromatographic column 6 with n-heptane until the effluent liquid at the outlet of the liquid channel of the automatic eluent receiving device is continuous and has no bubbles, and stopping flushing.

A0.1 g sample (to the nearest 0.1mg) was weighed into a 10mL beaker, and 0.8mL of n-heptane was added to dissolve completely, and all dispersed mixtures were extracted as completely as possible smoothly and rapidly using a syringe. The syringe and the filter disk 4 were connected to the flow path as shown in fig. 1, the filter disk 4 was fixed in the vertical position, and the post-column flow path switching valve 8 was switched to a position where the solvent passed through the column 6. The syringe was slowly and uniformly pushed so that the sample dispersed in n-hexane flowed into the column 6 through the filter disk 4. The syringe was then disconnected. 1mL of n-heptane was added to the beaker and shaken well. This washing liquid is drawn up by means of a syringe through the filter disc 4 and into the column 6.

The four receiving containers A, B, C, D were dried at 100 deg.C for 30min and cooled in a desiccator. Weighing the empty weight m_A、m_B、m_C、m_DTo the nearest 0.1 mg. Eluting with n-heptane at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min for 10min, and collecting the effluent into container A, which is the saturated fraction of the sample; the pre-column channel switching valve 5 and the post-column channel switching valve 8 are switched so that the channel directly enters the receiver 16 without passing through the column 6. Eluting with benzene at 0.5mL/min for 25min, and collecting the eluate in container B, which is asphaltene of the sample; the pre-column channel switching valve 5 and the post-column channel switching valve 8 are switched so that the channel passes through the column 6. Eluting with benzene at flow rate of 0.5mL/min for 7min, and collecting the eluate in container C as aromatic component of the sample; using 1: 2, benzene/methanol, benzene, methanol were eluted at a flow rate of 0.5mL/min for 7min each, and the eluate was received in container D, which was a gum of a sample. And (3) performing rotary evaporation on the received components to remove the solvent, drying in a vacuum oven, and weighing. Weighing the weight M of the components_A、M_B、M_C、M_DTo the nearest 0.1 mg. The contents of saturates, aromatics, gums and asphaltenes were calculated using the following formulas:

in the formula:

m is the sample mass, g;

w_Sis the saturated component mass fraction,%;

w_Ais the mass fraction of aromatic components,%;

w_Rmass fraction of colloid,%;

w_Asis the mass fraction of asphaltene;

m_A、m_B、m_C、m_Dthe empty weight of container A, B, C, D, g;

M_A、M_B、M_C、M_Dis the weight of the contained components, g, of container A, B, C, D.

The operation process can be completed within 5 hours, and only manual operation is needed in the stages of sample loading, sample receiving, solvent removal and weighing. The normal pressure residual oil of the Saudi light crude oil is selected as a low asphaltene sample, and the vacuum residual oil of the Basela crude oil is selected as a high asphaltene sample, 4 times of experiments are respectively carried out, the average value and the relative standard deviation are calculated, and the results are shown in the following table:

table 5: example 5 results of measuring four components of heavy oil by using automatic four-component heavy oil separating apparatus

The standard deviation of the measurement in this example is slightly larger than that in examples 1, 2, 3 and 4, mainly because the receiving device 16 used is a glass beaker and its own weight is large, which causes a relatively large weighing error.

Example 6:

in this example, the same heavy oil four-component separation apparatus structure as in example 1 was used as shown in fig. 1. Wherein the same elements or operation steps are not described herein again. This example differs from example 1 in that:

in this example, a glass fiber filter disk was used, in which the pore diameter of the filter membrane was 50 μm and 12g capacity, the inner diameter of the column tube of the column was 13mm, the length of the column bed layer was 65mm, and the packing density of alumina was 1.4 g/mL. The mass of particles with the particle diameter of 60-200 microns in the alumina accounts for 65% of the total mass, and the specific surface area is 166m²The pore volume was 0.27 mL/g.

In the liquid diversion apparatus of this example, the heating element used was an oil bath heating apparatus, and the solvent was preheated to 60 ℃. The metal pipe is a pipeline with the inner diameter of 0.2mm and the length-diameter ratio of 25000.

In the receiving apparatus of this embodiment, an aluminum plastic sample cup having a thickness of 0.5mm and a capacity of 50mL is used as the receiving container 16.

The column oven 10 of the instrument is not heated and the sample receiving means 9 heats the part 18 to 100 ℃. The column 6 is wetted with n-heptane until the effluent at the outlet of the liquid channel 20 of the receiving means 9 is continuous and bubble-free, and the flushing is stopped.

0.15g, to the nearest 0.1mg, was weighed into a 10mL beaker and dissolved completely by adding 0.5mL of n-heptane and withdrawing all dispersed mixture as completely as possible smoothly and quickly using a syringe. The syringe and the filter disk 4 were connected to the flow path as shown in fig. 1, the filter disk 4 was fixed in the vertical position, and the post-column flow path switching valve 8 was switched to a position where the solvent passed through the column 6. The syringe is slowly and uniformly pushed so that the sample dispersed in n-heptane flows through the filter disk 4 into the column 6. The syringe was then disconnected. 0.5mL of n-heptane was added to the beaker and shaken well. This washing liquid is drawn up by means of a syringe through the filter disc 4 and into the column 6.

The four receiving containers A, B, C, D were dried at 100 deg.C for 30min and cooled in a desiccator. Weighing the empty weight m_A、m_B、m_C、m_DTo an accuracy of 0.1mg, and then placed in the receiving device 9, and the heating part 18 is warmed up to 100 ℃. Eluting with n-heptane at a flow rate of 1.5mL/min for 35min, and receiving the effluent into container A, which is the saturated fraction of the sample; the pre-column channel switching valve 5 and the post-column channel switching valve 8 are switched so that the channel directly enters the receiver 16 without passing through the column 6. Eluting with toluene at a rate of 1.5mL/min for 20min, and collecting the eluate in container B, which is asphaltene of the sample; the pre-column channel switching valve 5 and the post-column channel switching valve 8 are switched so that the channel passes through the column 6. Eluting with toluene at a flow rate of 1.5mL/min for 15min, and collecting the eluate in container C, which is the aromatic fraction of the sample; using 1: toluene/ethanol, toluene, and ethanol of 1 were eluted at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min for 25min each, and the eluate was received in a container D, which was a gum of the sample. Desolventizing and constant weight: the elution was stopped and the temperature of the receiver 9 was kept constant until the solvent in the receiver 16 was completely evaporated, and the four receiver vessels A, B, C, D were removed and cooled to room temperature in a desiccator. Weighing the weight M of the components_A、M_B、M_C、M_DTo the nearest 0.1 mg. The contents of saturates, aromatics, gums and asphaltenes were calculated using the following formulas:

in the formula:

m is the sample mass, g;

w_Sis the saturated component mass fraction,%;

w_Ais the mass fraction of aromatic components,%;

w_Rmass fraction of colloid,%;

w_Asis the mass fraction of asphaltene;

m_A、m_B、m_C、m_Dthe empty weight of container A, B, C, D, g;

M_A、M_B、M_C、M_Dis the weight of the contained components, g, of container A, B, C, D.

In the case of a column oven without heating, the elution time of each component becomes longer, but the above operation can be completed within 6 hours, and each sample is manually operated only in the loading and weighing stages. The normal pressure residual oil of the Saudi light crude oil is selected as a low asphaltene sample, the vacuum residual oil of the Basela crude oil is selected as a high asphaltene sample, 4 paths of parallel experiments are respectively carried out, the average value and the relative standard deviation are calculated, and the results are shown in the following table:

table 6: example 6 results of measuring four components of heavy oil by using automatic four-component heavy oil separating apparatus

Example 7:

in this example, the same heavy oil four-component separation apparatus structure as in example 1 was used as shown in fig. 1. Wherein the same elements or operation steps are not described herein again. This example differs from example 1 in that: .

In this example, a glass fiber filter disk was used, in which the pore diameter of the filter membrane was 0.05 μm and the capacity was 20g, the inner diameter of the column tube of the column was 13mm, the length of the column bed was 110mm, and the packing density of alumina was set in the columnIt was 1.4 g/mL. The mass of particles with the particle diameter of 60-200 microns in the alumina accounts for 65% of the total mass, and the specific surface area is 166m²The pore volume was 0.27 mL/g.

In the liquid dividing device of this embodiment, 2 t-pipes having 1 inlet and 2 outlets are used as liquid dividers, and as shown in fig. 2, the mobile phase can be divided into 4 paths, wherein the heating module used is a metal heater, the heat conduction is performed in a manner of direct metal contact, and the solvent is preheated to 60 ℃. The metal pipe is a pipeline with the inner diameter of 0.2mm and the length-diameter ratio of 25000.

In the receiving apparatus 9 of this embodiment, an aluminum plastic sample cup having a thickness of 0.2mm and a capacity of 30mL is used as the receiving container 16.

The column oven 10 of the instrument is heated to 60 ℃ and the sample receiving means 9 is heated to 100 ℃ by means of the heating element 18. The column 6 is wetted with n-heptane until the effluent at the outlet of the liquid channel 20 of the receiving means 9 is continuous and bubble-free, and the flushing is stopped.

0.15g, to the nearest 0.1mg, was weighed into a 25mL beaker and dissolved completely by adding 0.7mL of n-heptane and withdrawing all dispersed mixture as completely as possible smoothly and quickly using a syringe. The syringe and the filter disk 4 were connected to the flow path as shown in fig. 1, the filter disk 4 was fixed in the vertical position, and the post-column flow path switching valve 8 was switched to a position where the solvent passed through the column 6. The syringe is slowly and uniformly pushed so that the sample dispersed in n-heptane flows through the filter disk 4 into the column 6. The syringe was then disconnected. 1mL of n-heptane was added to the beaker and shaken well. This washing liquid is drawn up by means of a syringe through the filter disc 4 and into the column 6.

The four receiving containers A, B, C, D were dried at 100 deg.C for 30min and cooled in a desiccator. Weighing the empty weight m_A、m_B、m_C、m_DTo an accuracy of 0.1mg, and then placed in the receiving device 9, and the heating part 18 is warmed up to 100 ℃. Eluting with n-heptane at a flow rate of 1.5mL/min for 90min, and receiving the effluent into container A, which is the saturated fraction of the sample; the pre-column channel switching valve 5 and the post-column channel switching valve 8 are switched so that the channel directly enters the receiver 16 without passing through the column 6. Toluene was used at 0.5Eluting at a speed of mL/min for 60min, and receiving the eluent into a container B, wherein the eluent is the asphaltene of the sample; the pre-column channel switching valve 5 and the post-column channel switching valve 8 are switched so that the channel passes through the column 6. Eluting with toluene at a flow rate of 1.5mL/min for 15min, and collecting the eluate in container C, which is the aromatic fraction of the sample; use in sequence 3: 2, toluene/ethanol, toluene, and ethanol were eluted at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min for 20min, and the eluates were received in a container D, which was a gum of the sample. Desolventizing and constant weight: the elution was stopped and the temperature of the receiver 9 was kept constant until the solvent in the receiver 16 was completely evaporated, four A, B, C, D were removed, the receiver vessels were cooled to room temperature in a desiccator. Weighing the weight M of the components_A、M_B、M_C、M_DTo the nearest 0.1 mg. The contents of saturates, aromatics, gums and asphaltenes were calculated using the following formulas:

in the formula:

m is the sample mass, g;

w_Sis the saturated component mass fraction,%;

w_Ais the mass fraction of aromatic components,%;

w_Rmass fraction of colloid,%;

w_Asis the mass fraction of asphaltene;

m_A、m_B、m_C、m_Dthe empty weight of container A, B, C, D, g;

M_A、M_B、M_C、M_Dis the weight of the contained components, g, of container A, B, C, D.

In the embodiment, the pore size of the filter disc filter membrane is small, so that the back pressure caused by separating the high-asphaltene sample is large, the high-asphaltene sample needs to be washed for a long time at a low flow rate by toluene, the operation process can be completed within 5 hours, and each sample only needs to be manually operated in the loading and weighing stages. The normal pressure residual oil of the Saudi light crude oil is selected as a low asphaltene sample, the vacuum residual oil of the Basela crude oil is selected as a high asphaltene sample, 4 paths of parallel experiments are respectively carried out, the average value and the relative standard deviation are calculated, and the results are shown in the following table:

table 7: example 7 results of measuring four components of heavy oil by using automatic four-component heavy oil separating apparatus

Example 8:

in this example, the same heavy oil four-component separation apparatus structure as in example 1 was used as shown in fig. 1. Wherein the same elements or operation steps are not described herein again. This example differs from example 1 in that:

in this example, a glass fiber filter disk was used, the pore diameter of the filter membrane was 2.0 μm, and the specific surface area of a commercially available silica gel medium pressure chromatography column (borna aiger's technology, Claricep Flash column): 480m²(ii)/g; pore diameter:pH: 6.3-7.2; water content: 3% -5%; average particle size: 40-60 μm.

The solvent was preheated to 60 ℃ in the liquid dividing device of this example. The metal pipe is made of 316 stainless steel, and is a pipeline with the inner diameter of 0.5mm and the length-diameter ratio of 5000.

In the receiving device of this embodiment, an aluminum plastic sample cup with a thickness of 0.2mm and a capacity of 50mL is used as the receiving container.

The column oven 10 of the instrument is heated to 40 ℃ and the sample receiving means 9 is heated to 60 ℃ by means of the heating element 18. The column 6 is wetted with n-hexane until the effluent at the outlet of the liquid channel 20 of the receiving device 9 is continuous and bubble-free, and the flushing is stopped.

A sample of 0.1g (to the nearest 0.1mg) was weighed into a 10mL beaker, 1mL of n-hexane was added to dissolve it completely, and all the dispersion mixture was extracted as completely as possible smoothly and rapidly using a syringe. The syringe and the filter disk 4 were connected to the flow path as shown in fig. 1, the filter disk 4 was fixed in the vertical position, and the post-column flow path switching valve 8 was switched to a position where the solvent passed through the column 6. The syringe was slowly and uniformly pushed so that the sample dispersed in n-hexane flowed into the column 6 through the filter disk 4. The syringe was then disconnected. 1mL of n-hexane was added to the beaker and shaken well. This washing liquid is drawn up by means of a syringe through the filter disc 4 and into the column 6.

The four receiving containers A, B, C, D were dried at 100 deg.C for 30min and cooled in a desiccator. Weighing the empty weight m_A、m_B、m_C、m_DTo an accuracy of 0.1mg, and then placed in the receiving device 9, and the heating part 18 was warmed up to 60 ℃. Eluting with n-hexane at flow rate of 1mL/min for 15min, and collecting the effluent into container A, which is the saturated fraction of the sample; the pre-column channel switching valve 5 and the post-column channel switching valve 8 are switched so that the channel directly enters the receiver 16 without passing through the column 6. Eluting with toluene at a rate of 1mL/min for 20min, and collecting the eluate in container B, which is asphaltene of the sample; the pre-column channel switching valve 5 and the post-column channel switching valve 8 are switched so that the channel passes through the column 6. Eluting toluene at a flow rate of 1mL/min for 15min, and receiving the eluent into a container C, wherein the eluent is the aromatic component of the sample; use in sequence 2: toluene/methanol, toluene, and methanol of 1 were eluted at a flow rate of 1.5mL/min for 10min each, and the eluates were received in a container D, which was a gum of a sample. Desolventizing and constant weight: the elution was stopped and the temperature of the receiver 9 was kept constant until the solvent in the receiver 16 was completely evaporated, the four receiver vessels A, B, C, D were removed and cooled in a desiccatorCooling to room temperature. Weighing the weight M of the components_A、M_B、M_C、M_DTo the nearest 0.1 mg. The contents of saturates, aromatics, gums and asphaltenes were calculated using the following formulas:

in the formula:

m is the sample mass, g;

w_Sis the saturated component mass fraction,%;

w_Ais the mass fraction of aromatic components,%;

w_Rmass fraction of colloid,%;

w_Asis the mass fraction of asphaltene;

m_A、m_B、m_C、m_Dthe empty weight of container A, B, C, D, g;

M_A、M_B、M_C、M_Dis the weight of the contained components, g, of container A, B, C, D.

The operation process can be completed within 4 hours, and only manual operation is needed in the loading and weighing stages. The normal pressure residual oil of the Saudi light crude oil is selected as a low asphaltene sample, the vacuum residual oil of the Basela crude oil is selected as a high asphaltene sample, 4 paths of parallel experiments are respectively carried out, the average value and the relative standard deviation are calculated, and the results are shown in the following table:

table 8: example 8 results of measuring four components of heavy oil by using automatic four-component heavy oil separator

The results of the measurement using the commercially available column separation were higher in the content of saturated components and lower in the content of aromatic hydrocarbons, and the precision was slightly inferior to the standard deviation of the measurement in this example, as compared with examples 1 to 7.

Comparative example 1:

the main steps of the current standard method SH/T0509 include: (1) preparing an alumina chromatographic column filler, namely activating commercial alumina at 500 ℃ for 6 hours, then adding 1% of water, violently shaking, standing for 24 hours, and enabling the effective period to be only one week; (2) separating the asphaltene, namely heating and refluxing a sample in n-heptane for 0.5-1 hour, standing for 1 hour, filtering, washing the container with hot n-heptane for multiple times, refluxing and extracting filter paper with precipitate for 1 hour with n-heptane, refluxing and extracting the filter paper with toluene for 1 hour, and finally extracting the toluene to dryness to obtain an extract, weighing to obtain the asphaltene content; (3) filling a chromatographic column, namely adding the alumina prepared in the step (1) into a glass adsorption column tube, and gently beating the adsorption column tube to enable the adsorption column tube to be tightly filled; (4) separating saturated components, aromatic components and colloid, namely prewetting with n-heptane, adding the non-asphaltene solution obtained in the step (2), and eluting with n-heptane, toluene and toluene-ethanol respectively to obtain saturated components, aromatic components and colloid; (5) weighing the components, removing most of the solvent from the solution of the components obtained in the step (4) by using a distillation device, then putting the solution of the components into a vacuum oven for 1h, taking out the solution, cooling and weighing.

According to the current standard SH/T0509, it takes about 15 hours to measure one sample, consumes 160mL of n-heptane, 200mL of toluene and 60mL of ethanol, and the whole process needs manual operation. It can be seen that the automatic separation device for four components of heavy oil can greatly reduce the time, solvent and manpower consumption for four-component separation and measurement.

The four heavy oil components were measured according to SH/0509 using the same two samples as in example 1, and each sample was measured in parallel 4 times, and the average and relative standard deviation results were calculated as shown in the following table:

table 9: results of determination of four components of heavy oil according to SH/0509

It can be seen that the results of the four-component heavy oil assay according to SH/0509 are essentially identical to those of example 1, but that the standard deviation of the results obtained with SH/0509 is significantly greater. Compared with the existing standard method adopting manual operation, the automatic heavy oil four-component separation device can greatly save time and solvent consumption, reduce operation errors caused by manual operation, reduce deviation, improve the precision of separation and measurement and ensure better repeatability of the separation and measurement.

Comparative example 2:

the method is characterized in that a BN118 type automatic heavy oil four-component tester produced by commercial Dabang energy petroleum instrument limited company is adopted, on the basis of the existing standard method SH/T0509, the step of manual solvent adding is changed into the step of automatically extracting the solvent from a solvent storage tank and washing a chromatographic column by a pump, a group of glass conical bottles capable of automatically controlling the receiving position are directly arranged below the chromatographic column to be used as a receiving device, and other steps are still operated according to the standard method SH/T0509. Since the elution scheme and column were essentially identical to SH/T0509, the amount of solvent consumed was comparable, 160mL of n-heptane, 200mL of toluene, and 60mL of ethanol. Because manual operations of asphaltene separation and solvent removal are still required, a great deal of labor is still required, and the whole process still takes about 10 hours. It can be seen that the design of on-line separation of asphaltenes, the design of automatic solvent receiving and synchronous heating evaporation and the novel chromatographic column can fundamentally and greatly reduce the time, solvent consumption and manpower required by four-component separation and measurement.

The same two samples as in example 1 were used, and each sample was similarly measured in parallel 4 times, and the average value and the relative standard deviation were calculated as shown in the following table:

table 10: results of heavy oil four-component measurement with BN118

It can be seen that the results of the four-component heavy oil measurement using BN118 are substantially identical to those of example 1, but the standard deviation of the results obtained using BN118 is significantly larger. Compared with the existing automatic heavy oil four-component measuring instrument, the heavy oil four-component automatic separation device can greatly save time and solvent consumption, reduce operation errors caused by manpower, reduce deviation, improve the precision of separation and measurement and ensure better repeatability of the separation and measurement.

It can be seen from the above examples and comparative examples that the heavy oil four-component automatic separation device of the present invention can automatically separate asphaltenes on-line, automatically receive saturates, aromatics and gums on-line, and remove the solvent contained therein. In the four-component separation process, the steps of manual operation are reduced, the time and the solvent consumption are greatly saved, the operation error caused by manual operation can be reduced, the deviation is reduced, and the precision of separation and determination is improved. The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.