阅读说明：本技术 地表植被参数监测装置、系统及方法 (Device, system and method for monitoring surface vegetation parameters ) 是由 姚永军 覃小林 陈成 于 2020-12-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种地表植被参数监测装置,所述装置包括：数据采集器,分别与所述数据采集器连接的多个激光雷达、存储器,为所述数据采集器供电的电源模块；所述数据采集器及所述电源模块安装在机箱内,所述机箱以可拆卸方式安装在支架上,所述支架固定在植被监测区域的地面上；所述激光雷达,用于按照设定时间间隔对地表目标植被进行点云扫描；所述数据采集器,用于获取各激光雷达输出的点云数据,并将所述点云数据保存到所述存储器。本发明还公开了一种地表植被参数监测系统及方法。利用本发明,可以实现对地表植被自动、连续、全天候的数据采集。(The invention discloses a device for monitoring surface vegetation parameters, which comprises: the system comprises a data acquisition unit, a plurality of laser radars and a memory which are respectively connected with the data acquisition unit, and a power supply module for supplying power to the data acquisition unit; the data acquisition unit and the power supply module are installed in a case, the case is detachably installed on a support, and the support is fixed on the ground planted in a monitored area; the laser radar is used for carrying out point cloud scanning on the earth surface target vegetation according to a set time interval; and the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring point cloud data output by each laser radar and storing the point cloud data in the memory. The invention also discloses a system and a method for monitoring the surface vegetation parameters. The invention can realize automatic, continuous and all-weather data acquisition of the earth surface vegetation.)

1. A device for monitoring parameters of terrestrial vegetation, the device comprising:

the system comprises a data acquisition unit, a plurality of laser radars and a memory which are respectively connected with the data acquisition unit, and a power supply module for supplying power to the data acquisition unit; the data acquisition unit and the power supply module are arranged in a case, the case is detachably mounted on a support with a certain height, and the support is fixed on the ground planted in a monitored area;

the laser radar is used for continuously carrying out point cloud scanning on the earth surface target vegetation;

and the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring point cloud data output by each laser radar and storing the point cloud data in the memory.

2. The apparatus of claim 1,

the laser radar is detachably arranged on the bracket and is connected with the data acquisition unit through a data line; or

The laser radar is detachably mounted on a support far away from the support and is in wireless connection with the data collector.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, further comprising: one or more multispectral cameras connected with the data collector and used for collecting images of different spectral bands of the earth surface target vegetation according to a set time interval;

the data collector is also used for acquiring the image data output by the multispectral camera and storing the image data into the memory.

4. A system for monitoring parameters of terrestrial vegetation, the system comprising: the surface vegetation parameter monitoring device of any one of claims 1 to 2 and a remote data processing facility connected to the surface vegetation parameter monitoring device via a wireless communication network;

the earth surface vegetation parameter monitoring device uploads the acquired point cloud data to the remote data processing equipment at regular time;

and the remote data processing equipment generates a corresponding cloud picture according to the point cloud data and calculates to obtain the earth surface vegetation parameters.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein the surface vegetation parameter monitoring device uploads the point cloud data in a broadcast manner.

6. The system of claim 4, wherein the surface vegetation parameters include at least: leaf area index.

7. The system according to any one of claims 4 to 6,

the device for monitoring the earth surface vegetation parameters further comprises: one or more multispectral cameras connected with the data collector and used for collecting photos of different spectral bands of the earth surface target vegetation according to a set time interval;

the data acquisition unit is also used for acquiring image data output by the multispectral camera and uploading the image data to the remote data processing equipment at regular time;

the remote data processing device determines surface vegetation parameters by comprehensively utilizing the point cloud data and the image data.

8. A method for monitoring terrestrial vegetation parameters, the method comprising:

acquiring point cloud data obtained by continuously carrying out point cloud scanning on the earth surface target vegetation by a laser radar arranged in an area where the earth surface target vegetation is located;

and generating a corresponding cloud picture according to the point cloud data, and calculating to obtain the earth surface vegetation parameters.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:

acquiring image data obtained by acquiring photos of different spectral bands of the earth surface target vegetation through one or more multispectral cameras according to a set time interval;

the calculating to obtain the earth surface vegetation parameters comprises the following steps:

and comprehensively utilizing the point cloud data and the image data to determine the earth surface vegetation parameters.

10. The method of claim 9,

acquiring the point cloud data comprises:

receiving a broadcast signal containing the point cloud data sent by a remote monitoring device;

obtaining the point cloud data by analyzing the broadcast signal;

acquiring the image data includes:

receiving a broadcast signal containing the image data sent by the remote monitoring device;

the image data is obtained by parsing the broadcast signal.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of vegetation monitoring, in particular to a device, a system and a method for monitoring surface vegetation parameters.

Background

The Leaf Area Index (LAI), also called leaf area coefficient, is the multiple of the total area of plant leaves occupying the land area in unit land area, and is a comprehensive index representing the light energy utilization condition of vegetation and the canopy structure. In ecology, the leaf area index is an important structural parameter of an ecosystem, is used for reflecting the quantity of plant leaf surfaces, the structural change of canopy layers, the vitality of plant communities and the environmental effect thereof, provides structured quantitative information for describing the surface substances and energy exchange of the plant canopy layers, and plays an important role in the aspects of carbon accumulation of the ecosystem, the productivity of vegetation, the energy balance of interaction among soil, plants and atmosphere, vegetation remote sensing and the like.

The most direct way to measure the leaf area index is to take one-meter crop out of the laboratory, take the leaf area measurement, then count the total leaf area, and obtain the leaf area index according to the statistical result, but this method is difficult for some crops. In view of this, the prior art provides some indirect measurement methods and corresponding measuring instruments, such as a method based on remote sensing image (calculating leaf area index by modeling remote sensing image data), a method based on radiometric measurement (calculating leaf area index by measuring radiation transmittance), which have certain disadvantages, mainly expressed in the following aspects:

1) the method is easily influenced by weather, for example, a uniform light environment is needed when the method based on remote sensing images is used for measurement, and the method based on radiation measurement is used for working under sunny days;

2) most ground measuring instruments adopt a handheld measuring mode, and labor cost is high.

3) Real-time online data acquisition and monitoring cannot be achieved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a device, a system and a method for monitoring surface vegetation parameters, which can realize automatic, continuous and all-weather data acquisition of surface vegetation.

Therefore, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a device for monitoring terrestrial vegetation parameters, the device comprising:

the system comprises a data acquisition unit, a plurality of laser radars and a memory which are respectively connected with the data acquisition unit, and a power supply module for supplying power to the data acquisition unit and the laser radars; the data acquisition unit and the power supply module are arranged in a case, the case is detachably arranged on a support with a certain height, and the support is fixed on the ground planted in a monitored area;

the laser radar is used for continuously carrying out point cloud scanning on the earth surface target vegetation;

and the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring point cloud data output by each laser radar and storing the point cloud data in the memory.

Optionally, the laser radar is detachably mounted on the bracket and connected with the data collector through a data line; or the laser radar is detachably mounted on a support far away from the support and is in wireless connection with the data collector.

Optionally, the plurality of lidar means comprises any one or more of: three-dimensional lidar, vertical lidar, horizontal lidar.

Optionally, the horizontal scanning angle of the laser radar is 10-90 degrees, the vertical scanning angle is 10-90 degrees, and the detection distance is 4-6000 meters.

Optionally, the power module is an ac chargeable battery or a solar chargeable battery.

Optionally, the apparatus further comprises: one or more multispectral cameras connected with the data collector and used for collecting images of different spectral bands of the earth surface target vegetation according to a set time interval;

the data collector is also used for acquiring the image data output by the multispectral camera and storing the image data into the memory.

A system for monitoring terrestrial vegetation parameters, the system comprising: the device comprises the surface vegetation parameter monitoring device and remote data processing equipment connected with the surface vegetation parameter monitoring device through a wireless communication network;

the earth surface vegetation parameter monitoring device uploads the acquired point cloud data to the remote data processing equipment at regular time;

and the remote data processing equipment generates a corresponding cloud picture according to the point cloud data and calculates to obtain the earth surface vegetation parameters.

Optionally, the surface vegetation parameter monitoring device uploads the point cloud data in a broadcasting manner.

Optionally, the surface vegetation parameters include at least: leaf area index.

Optionally, the device for monitoring surface vegetation parameters further comprises: one or more multispectral cameras connected with the data collector and used for collecting photos of different spectral bands of the earth surface target vegetation according to a set time interval;

the data acquisition unit is also used for acquiring image data output by the multispectral camera and uploading the image data to the remote data processing equipment at regular time;

the remote data processing device determines surface vegetation parameters by comprehensively utilizing the point cloud data and the image data.

A method of monitoring terrestrial vegetation parameters, the method comprising:

acquiring point cloud data obtained by continuously carrying out point cloud scanning on the earth surface target vegetation by a laser radar arranged in an area where the earth surface target vegetation is located;

and generating a corresponding cloud picture according to the point cloud data, and calculating to obtain the earth surface vegetation parameters.

Optionally, the method further comprises:

acquiring image data obtained by acquiring photos of different spectral bands of the earth surface target vegetation through one or more multispectral cameras according to a set time interval;

the calculating to obtain the earth surface vegetation parameters comprises the following steps:

and comprehensively utilizing the point cloud data and the image data to determine the earth surface vegetation parameters.

Optionally, the acquiring the point cloud data comprises:

receiving a broadcast signal containing the point cloud data sent by a remote monitoring device;

obtaining the point cloud data by analyzing the broadcast signal;

acquiring the image data includes:

receiving a broadcast signal containing the image data sent by the remote monitoring device;

the image data is obtained by parsing the broadcast signal.

The invention provides a device, a system and a method for monitoring surface vegetation parameters, wherein a bracket with a certain height is fixed on the ground of a vegetation monitoring area, a data collector is placed in a case and is detachably arranged on the bracket, a plurality of laser radars connected with a data acquisition module are used for carrying out point cloud scanning on surface target vegetation according to a set time interval and transmitting point cloud data to the data collector, the data collector stores the acquired point cloud data output by each laser radar into a memory, automatic, continuous and all-weather data acquisition on the surface vegetation can be realized, and then the data can be used for more accurately and timely determining the surface vegetation parameters, thereby providing effective information for scientific researchers to know the vegetation growth state, carry out ecological system research and other works.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art according to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a surface vegetation parameter monitoring device of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a laser radar installation of the device for monitoring parameters of surface vegetation of the present invention in forest monitoring applications;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the installation of a lidar for use in forest monitoring applications in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the installation of a lidar for use in forest monitoring applications in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a network structure of the system for monitoring parameters of surface vegetation according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an application of the system for monitoring parameters of surface vegetation according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method of monitoring surface vegetation parameters in accordance with the present invention;

fig. 8 is another flow chart of the method for monitoring parameters of surface vegetation in accordance with the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical field of the invention better understand the scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the embodiment of the invention is further described in detail with reference to the drawings and the implementation mode.

Aiming at some problems of the existing leaf area index correlation measuring instrument, the invention provides a ground vegetation parameter monitoring device, which is a structural block diagram of the device as shown in figure 1.

In this embodiment, the apparatus comprises:

the system comprises a data acquisition unit, a plurality of laser radars and a memory which are respectively connected with the data acquisition unit, and a power supply module for supplying power to the data acquisition unit; the data acquisition unit and the power supply module are arranged in a case, the case is detachably mounted on a support with a certain height, and the support is fixed on the ground where the monitored area is planted.

In practical application, the height of the bracket can be determined according to the height difference of the vegetation to be measured, and mainly the scanning range of the laser radar installed on the bracket is ensured. For example, the distance between the vegetation and the top of the vegetation to be measured can be kept more than 4 meters.

The number and the installation position of the laser radars can be determined according to the area size of vegetation to be measured, the type of vegetation to be measured and the like, for example, the laser radars are detachably installed on the bracket or outside the case and are connected with the data collector through data lines, for example, corresponding through holes are arranged on the case, and the data lines penetrate through the through holes to be connected with the data collector and the laser radars; or the laser radar is detachably arranged on a support (such as a telegraph pole, an iron tower and the like) far away from the bracket and is wirelessly connected with the data acquisition unit.

In addition, according to the difference of vegetation kind to be surveyed, can select the lidar of different grade type and parameter, for example: three-dimensional lidar, vertical lidar, horizontal lidar. For example, in one particular application, a lidar having the following parameters may be selected: the horizontal scanning angle is 10-90 degrees, the vertical scanning angle is 10-90 degrees, and the detection distance is 4-6000 meters. Of course, one or more types and parameters of laser radars may be selected comprehensively for the acquisition of various different parameters of vegetation, which is not limited in the present invention.

It should be noted that the power supply of the laser radar may be supplied by a power supply module arranged in the chassis; the power can also be supplied by other power sources, for example, the installation position of the laser radar is far away from the case or the space where the laser radar is located does not facilitate the lead wire to the power module in the case, which is not limited by the invention.

In practical applications, the power module may specifically adopt that the power module is a storage battery that can be charged by alternating current or a storage battery that can be charged by solar energy.

In the device for monitoring the parameters of the earth surface vegetation, the laser radar is used for continuously carrying out point cloud scanning on earth surface target vegetation and transmitting point cloud data to the data acquisition unit in a wireless or wired mode. Correspondingly, the data acquisition unit acquires point cloud data output by each laser radar and stores the point cloud data in the memory.

The laser radar is a radar device for detecting the position, speed and other characteristic quantities of a target by emitting a laser beam, and generally comprises an emitting system, a receiving system, an information processing part and the like, the working principle of the radar device is that laser is used as a signal source, pulse laser emitted by a laser device is applied to trees, roads, bridges and buildings on the ground surface to cause scattering, a part of light wave is reflected to a receiver of the laser radar, the distance from the laser radar to a target point is obtained by calculation according to a laser ranging principle, the pulse laser continuously scans the target object to obtain data of all the target points on the target object, and relevant information of the target, such as parameters of the target distance, direction, height, speed, attitude, even shape and the like, can be obtained by properly processing the data.

It should be noted that, in practical applications, for monitoring a certain target vegetation, one or more nodes may be selected to arrange the above-mentioned device according to comprehensive consideration of vegetation types, monitoring areas, topography and the like. The following layout principle may be specifically adopted: arranging one to three nodes in a sample range of 30m by 30 m; the large area can be divided into a plurality of small samples according to the actual situation and laid according to the principle. Such as:

1-2 underlays can be arranged for farmland and grassland types, and can be also arranged more properly according to the uniform condition of the underlays.

For tall crops, such as corn, sorghum, sunflower and the like, 2-3 crops can be arranged.

The forest is a key point and a difficult point of leaf area index measurement, 4-5 laser radars can be arranged, wherein 1-2 laser radars are arranged at the upper part of an observation iron tower, and laser surfaces of the laser radars are vertically arranged downwards, as shown in figure 2, and are used for acquiring upper part outline point cloud data of trees; 1-2 laser radars are arranged on the side face, the laser surface of each laser radar is horizontally arranged, and the laser radars are used for acquiring the point cloud data of the transverse profile of the forest and effectively calculating the breast height and the tree height of the tree as shown in fig. 3. In addition, for the measurement of the forest with higher vegetation, for example, the canopy is higher than 4 meters, 1-2 laser radars can be arranged on the ground upwards, and as shown in fig. 4, the method is used for acquiring accurate point cloud data of the lower surface contour of the tree.

The device for monitoring the surface vegetation parameters provided by the invention utilizes the laser radar to carry out dense sampling on the surface of the surface vegetation, and generates high-precision three-dimensional x, y and z measurement values, namely point cloud data. The point cloud data is recorded in the form of points, each point comprises three-dimensional coordinates, and the point cloud data also comprises reflection Intensity information (Intensity). After the data are used for imaging processing, an accurate three-dimensional stereo image can be obtained.

The device for monitoring the parameters of the surface vegetation can realize automatic, continuous and all-weather data acquisition of the surface vegetation, further can utilize the data to more accurately and timely determine the parameters of the surface vegetation, and provide effective information for scientific researchers to know the vegetation growth state, carry out ecological system research and other works, for example, forest structure parameters such as tree height, crown width, canopy density, leaf area index, breast diameter, canopy clearance, coverage, aboveground biomass and the like can be accurately estimated according to the data acquired by each laser radar.

Further, in another embodiment of the device for monitoring land vegetation parameters of the invention, one or more multispectral cameras connected with the data collector can be further included. Similarly, the multispectral camera and the data collector may be connected in a wired or wireless manner, which is not limited to this. The multispectral photography is that the multispectral photography is expanded towards two directions of infrared light and ultraviolet light on the basis of visible light, and the multispectral photography simultaneously and respectively receives information radiated or reflected by the same target on different narrow spectral bands through the combination of various optical filters or optical splitters and various photosensitive films, so that images of a plurality of different spectral bands of the monitored target can be obtained. In practical applications, the multispectral camera may employ: the multispectral camera may be a multi-lens multispectral camera, a multi-phase multispectral camera, a beam-splitting multispectral camera, or multiple different types of multispectral cameras, without limitation.

In this embodiment, the multispectral camera is configured to collect images of different spectral bands of the earth surface target vegetation at set time intervals, and transmit the collected image data to the data collector. Correspondingly, the data collector is also used for acquiring the image data output by the multispectral camera and saving the image data to the memory.

The device for monitoring the parameters of the surface vegetation can realize automatic, continuous and all-weather data acquisition of the surface vegetation, can obtain point cloud data of target vegetation, can also obtain images of different spectral bands of the target vegetation, and enables the acquired data to be richer, so that the data can be used for more accurately determining the parameters of the surface vegetation, and providing effective information for scientific researchers to know the vegetation growth state, carry out ecological system research and the like.

Based on the above device for monitoring the vegetation parameters on the earth surface, the invention also provides a system for monitoring the vegetation parameters on the earth surface, which is a schematic diagram of a networking structure of the system as shown in fig. 5.

The system comprises the above-mentioned earth surface vegetation parameter monitoring device and remote data processing equipment connected with the earth surface vegetation parameter monitoring device through a wireless communication network.

In the system, the earth surface vegetation parameter monitoring device uploads the acquired point cloud data to the remote data processing equipment at regular time, and certainly, under the condition that the earth surface vegetation parameter monitoring device is provided with a multispectral camera, the image data acquired by the multispectral camera needs to be uploaded to the remote data processing equipment at regular time. Correspondingly, the remote data processing equipment generates a corresponding cloud picture according to the point cloud data, and calculates to obtain surface vegetation parameters, such as vegetation height, leaf area index, canopy clearance rate, coverage and the like, and the specific calculation mode can adopt the existing related technology, and is not limited to the above.

The data transmission can be carried out between the land cover parameter monitoring device and the remote data processing equipment by means of a wireless network, for example, the land cover parameter monitoring device can upload corresponding data in a broadcasting mode.

It should be noted that, in practical application, the remote data processing device can be placed in a monitoring center, and the surface vegetation parameter monitoring device can be arranged in the area where the vegetation to be monitored is located, and can be a plurality of, and is respectively arranged in different areas where the vegetation to be monitored is located. Of course, the above-mentioned earth surface vegetation parameter monitoring device for monitoring different types of vegetation can also be accessed into the remote data processing equipment of the monitoring center at the same time. As shown in fig. 6, the data collectors respectively installed at different sites and used for monitoring the vegetation conditions of forests, farmlands and grasslands upload the collected data information of the target vegetation to the remote data processing device installed at the monitoring center through various wireless networks, and the remote data processing device processes and calculates the data to obtain the vegetation parameters of different areas.

Correspondingly, the embodiment of the invention also provides a method for monitoring the parameters of the surface vegetation, which is a flow chart of the method as shown in fig. 7.

In this embodiment, the method comprises the steps of:

step 701, point cloud data obtained by continuously performing point cloud scanning on the earth surface target vegetation by a laser radar arranged in an area where the earth surface target vegetation is located is obtained.

The number and the installation position of the laser radars can be determined according to the area size of the vegetation to be measured, the type of the vegetation to be measured and the like, and the embodiment of the invention is not limited. In addition, according to the difference of vegetation kind to be surveyed, can select the lidar of different grade type and parameter, for example: three-dimensional lidar, vertical lidar, horizontal lidar. Of course, one or more types and parameters of laser radars may be selected comprehensively for the acquisition of various different parameters of vegetation, which is not limited in the present invention.

And 702, generating a corresponding cloud picture according to the point cloud data, and calculating to obtain surface vegetation parameters.

Specifically, the specific method for calculating the surface vegetation parameters according to the point cloud data can adopt some existing corresponding technologies, and the implementation of the method is not limited.

The method for monitoring the parameters of the surface vegetation can realize automatic, continuous and all-weather data acquisition of the surface vegetation, further can utilize the data to more accurately and timely determine the parameters of the surface vegetation, and provide effective information for scientific researchers to know the vegetation growth state, carry out ecological system research and other works, for example, forest structure parameters such as tree height, crown width, canopy density, leaf area index, breast diameter, canopy clearance, coverage, aboveground biomass and the like can be accurately estimated according to the data acquired by each laser radar.

As shown in fig. 8, another flow chart of the method for monitoring parameters of surface vegetation in the invention comprises the following steps:

step 801, obtaining point cloud data obtained by continuously performing point cloud scanning on the earth surface target vegetation by a laser radar arranged in an area where the earth surface target vegetation is located, and obtaining image data obtained by acquiring photos of different spectral bands of the earth surface target vegetation through one or more multispectral cameras according to set time intervals.

And step 802, generating a corresponding cloud picture according to the point cloud data.

And 803, comprehensively utilizing the point cloud data and the image data to determine the earth surface vegetation parameters.

Specifically, the specific method for determining the surface vegetation parameters according to the point cloud data and the image data may adopt some corresponding existing technologies, and the implementation of the method is not limited.

The method for monitoring the parameters of the surface vegetation can realize automatic, continuous and all-weather data acquisition of the surface vegetation, can obtain point cloud data of target vegetation, can also obtain images of different spectral bands of the target vegetation, and enables the acquired data to be richer, so that the data can be used for more accurately determining the parameters of the surface vegetation, and providing effective information for scientific researchers to know the vegetation growth state, carry out ecological system research and the like.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the method of the present invention, the multispectral camera may also be fixedly disposed in the region where the target vegetation on the ground is located, and of course, the multispectral camera may also be manually held by a hand regularly or irregularly to collect the image data in the field, which is not limited to this embodiment of the present invention.

In addition, the cloud map generation and the surface vegetation parameter calculation can be performed by remote devices, such as the remote data processing device shown in fig. 5, which can be a computer, a notebook or other server or terminal device disposed in the monitoring center.

The transmission of the point cloud data and the image data can be obtained by uploading a data collector fixedly arranged in the area where the earth surface target vegetation is located, for example, corresponding data can be uploaded by sending broadcast signals. The data collector and the laser radar can be in wired connection or wireless connection. Similarly, the multispectral camera and the data collector can be connected in a wired or wireless mode.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps in the above method embodiments may be implemented by a program to instruct relevant hardware to perform the steps, and the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, referred to herein as a storage medium, such as: ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.

The above embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, and the present invention has been described herein with reference to particular embodiments, but the above embodiments are merely intended to facilitate an understanding of the methods and apparatuses of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.