阅读说明：本技术 一种核素洗消液及其制备方法与应用 (Nuclide decontamination solution and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 曹乐根 王毅清 于 2020-07-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及洗消液技术领域,具体涉及一种核素洗消液及其制备方法与应用。所述核素洗消液由如下重量百分数的组分组成：二乙烯三胺五乙酸五钠0.3-6％,辅助螯合剂0.1-5％,缓冲剂0.1-2％,吸附剂0.1-2％,表面活性剂1-10％,防腐剂0.1-1％,消泡剂0.1-1％,酸碱调节剂0.1-1％,稳定剂0.1-2％,水余量。本发明具有洗消效率高、应用范围广、环境适应性强、存储时间长的优点。(The invention relates to the technical field of decontamination solutions, and particularly relates to a nuclide decontamination solution and a preparation method and application thereof. The nuclide decontamination solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.3-6% of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid pentasodium, 0.1-5% of auxiliary chelating agent, 0.1-2% of buffering agent, 0.1-2% of adsorbent, 1-10% of surfactant, 0.1-1% of preservative, 0.1-1% of defoaming agent, 0.1-1% of acid-base regulator, 0.1-2% of stabilizer and the balance of water. The invention has the advantages of high decontamination efficiency, wide application range, strong environmental adaptability and long storage time.)

1. A nuclide decontamination solution is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 0.3-6% of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid pentasodium, 0.1-5% of auxiliary chelating agent, 0.1-2% of buffering agent, 0.1-2% of adsorbent, 1-10% of surfactant, 0.1-1% of preservative, 0.1-1% of defoaming agent, 0.1-1% of acid-base regulator, 0.1-2% of stabilizer and the balance of water.

2. The nuclide decontamination solution as in claim 1, comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 1-5% of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid pentasodium, 1-4% of auxiliary chelating agent, 1-1.5% of buffering agent, 0.5-1% of adsorbent, 3-8% of surfactant, 0.1-1% of preservative, 0.5-1% of defoaming agent, 0.5-1% of acid-base regulator, 0.5-1.5% of stabilizer and the balance of water.

3. A nuclide decontamination solution as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the auxiliary chelating agent is at least two of sodium gluconate, sodium pyrophosphate, hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, disodium edetate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, tetrasodium edetate and N- (2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine-N, N' -triacetic acid; the buffer is at least one of sodium citrate, disodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium silicate; the adsorbent is at least two of chitosan, sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, acrylamide and bentonite; the surfactant is at least two of alkyl glycoside, alkyl benzene sulfonate, cocamidopropyl betaine, polyoxyethylene octyl phenol ether, alpha-alkenyl sodium sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate; the preservative is at least one of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate; the defoaming agent is at least one of an organic silicon defoaming agent and a polyether defoaming agent; the acid-base regulator is at least one of tartaric acid, sodium carbonate, ammonium chloride, citric acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, potassium hydroxide, monoethanolamine, sodium hydroxide and triethanolamine; the stabilizer is at least one of sodium borate and urea; the pH value of the nuclide decontamination solution is 5-9.

4. A nuclide decontamination solution as in claim 3, wherein said auxiliary chelating agent is a mixture of sodium gluconate, disodium edetate and hydroxyethylenediphosphonic acid; the adsorbent is a mixture of chitosan and sodium alginate; the surfactant is a mixture of alkyl glycoside and polyoxyethylene octyl phenol ether.

5. The nuclide decontamination solution of claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of the sodium gluconate to the disodium edetate to the hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid is 3-5:1-3: 1; the mass ratio of the chitosan to the sodium alginate is 0.5-2: 1; the mass ratio of the alkyl glycoside to the polyoxyethylene octyl phenol ether is 1-3: 1.

6. A method of preparing a nuclide decontamination solution as in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:

(1) mixing diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid pentasodium, an auxiliary chelating agent and 30-50% of water according to the formula amount, and then adding a surfactant to obtain a solution A;

(2) mixing the adsorbent with 10-20% of water according to the formula amount, and adding a stabilizer to obtain a solution B;

(3) adding buffer, antiseptic, defoaming agent, and acid-base regulator into the residual water, and sequentially adding solution A and solution B.

7. The method of claim 6, comprising the steps of:

(1) mixing diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid pentasodium, an auxiliary chelating agent and 30-50% of water according to the formula amount, adding a surfactant after the mixture is dissolved to be transparent, and dissolving the surfactant to be transparent to obtain a solution A;

(2) mixing the adsorbent with 10-20% of water, heating to 50-80 deg.C, dissolving to be transparent, adding stabilizer, and dissolving to be transparent to obtain solution B;

(3) and (3) adding a buffer agent, a preservative, a defoaming agent and an acid-base regulator into the residual water, dissolving the residual water until the residual water is transparent, adding the solution A under the stirring condition of 100-inch stirring at 300r/min, dissolving the solution A until the solution A is transparent, adding the solution B, and continuously dissolving the solution B until the solution A is transparent.

8. Use of a nuclide decontamination solution as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5 or as prepared by the preparation method as defined in any one of claims 6 to 7 for decontamination of radionuclide contamination.

9. The use according to claim 8, wherein said use comprises radionuclide contamination decontamination at a surface of a wound, a skin surface, or an object.

10. The use of claim 8, wherein the radionuclide is at least one of a natural radioactive element, a transuranic element, a fissile element, and a synthetic radioactive element.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of decontamination solutions, and particularly relates to a nuclide decontamination solution and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

Radioactive contamination refers to the appearance of radioactive substances or rays on the surface or inside of materials, human bodies, and site environment media, which exceed national standards, due to human activities. With the rapid development of science and technology and economy, nuclear energy is widely applied to the fields of energy, military, medical treatment, detection and the like. In various practical activities involving the nucleus, wounds such as incised wound, stabbing wound, explosion wound, burn and scald can occur, various body surface wounds are in radioactive pollution environment, and the wounds can be polluted by radioactive substances. After entering the human body through the wound, radioactive substances are transferred to tissues such as blood, muscle, liver, kidney, bone and the like, and cause long-term internal irradiation on the wound and various organs of the human body, thereby causing serious harm to the health of the human body. In order to reduce the harm of radioactive substances to the wounded, the radioactive contaminated wound should be decontaminated as soon as possible.

At present, the common wound cleaning agents mainly comprise: (1) the physiological saline, the most common clinical wound cleaning solution, has no harmful effect on living tissues, can be used for flushing body cavities, and is economical and practical; (2) clear water is commonly used for clinically cleaning chronic wounds polluted by urine and feces or abnormally dirty wounds and is only suitable for superficial wounds; (3) the soft soap solution can be clinically used for cleaning the dirty wound surfaces in addition to clysis, and the wound is cleaned by using normal saline or clear water after being cleaned by using the soft soap solution; (4) the benzalkonium bromide disinfectant, a quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant with strong bactericidal effect on bacteria, has strong bactericidal and disinfectant effects, broad antibacterial spectrum, strong penetrating power, low toxicity, quick action and little irritation; (5) the hydrogen peroxide is used for cleaning the wound and is washed by normal saline simultaneously so as to prevent the hydrogen peroxide from remaining in the wound to generate cytotoxic effect on the granulation tissue; (6) metronidazole is used for cleaning anaerobic wounds, and is used with caution by people using anticoagulant. Although the types of wound cleaning agents on the market are more, the wound cleaning agent cannot be used for decontaminating radioactive contaminated wounds.

At present, the radioactive contamination is primarily decontaminated by using distilled water, sterile clean water or physiological saline for primary decontamination, and different decontaminants are generally used for residual radionuclides. For wounds contaminated by rare earth elements, plutonium or super plutonium elements, washing the wounds by using a Ca-DTPA solution with weak acidity (pH is 3-5); for uranium-contaminated wounds, 1.4% sodium bicarbonate isotonic solution was used; for the wounds which are difficult to remove and are polluted by unknown radioactive nuclides, 5% sodium hypochlorite solution is adopted; ② ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) soap or DTPA soap; thirdly, brushing and decoloring the polluted part by using a newly prepared 5 percent sodium bisulfite solution (or 10 to 20 percent hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution) after brushing or soaking the polluted part by using a 6.5 percent potassium permanganate aqueous solution. However, the methods have low decontamination efficiency on radioactive wounds or can only aim at certain specific elements, and the application range and the environmental suitability are all required to be improved.

The Chinese patent application CN109700826A discloses a radionuclide contamination decontamination agent and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the decontamination agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: EDTA & Na₂: 1.0% -20%, carboxymethyl chitosan: 0.1% -0.4%, sodium alginate: 0.05% -0.3% of lidocaine hydrochloride: 0.5 to 2.0 percent of the total weight of the suspension, and the balance of pure water or phosphate buffer solution, and the pH value is 6.9 to 7.0. The patent application also provides a preparation method thereof: accurately weighing EDTA-Na according to proportion₂Carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate and lidocaine hydrochloride, mixing EDTA-Na₂Heating and dissolving under alkaline condition, dissolving carboxymethyl chitosan and sodium alginate, mixing the two, stirring, adding lidocaine hydrochloride solution, adjusting pH to 6.7-6.9 with HCl, stirring for dissolving, and fixing volume. The decontamination agent disclosed in the patent application has a chelating adsorption function on various radionuclides, has no toxic or side effect, and can be used as a low-toxicity and high-efficiency radionuclide pollution decontamination agent. However, EDTA-Na₂The solubility of carboxymethyl chitosan and sodium alginate in water is limited, solid is separated out at low temperature, and the environmental adaptability is poor. When the sodium alginate and the carboxymethyl chitosan are used together, the respective solubility of the sodium alginate and the carboxymethyl chitosan can be influenced, the solubility of the sodium alginate and the carboxymethyl chitosan is reduced simultaneously, the viscosity of the solution is improved, the fluidity of the decontaminating agent is reduced, the wound is difficult to wash, and a large amount of radioactive residues exist. Moreover, the decontamination agent contains a large amount of polysaccharide, is neutral, is not easy to store for a long time and is easy to deteriorate.

Chinese patent application CN110483694A discloses a novel hydrogel for radionuclide contamination decontamination, a preparation method and an application thereof, wherein the novel hydrogel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15.07-48.65% of acrylamide, 0.14-0.47% of sodium alginate, 0.04-0.12% of diethyl triaminepentaacetic acid calcium sodium salt, 0.03-0.11% of ammonium persulfate and 50-85% of water; the novel hydrogel is crosslinked into a three-dimensional network structure through pure physical actions among high molecular chain segments and between high molecules and small molecules, wherein the addition content of sodium alginate, diethyltriamine pentaacetic acid calcium sodium salt and ammonium persulfate is too low, a chelation adsorption effect on chemistry is not formed, and the hydrogel is a pure physical filtration effect, so that the decontamination effect is poor. In addition, the application of the patent requires that high molecular components are prepared into hydrogel, the preparation process of the product is complex, radionuclide is adsorbed mainly by means of the three-dimensional network structure and the adhesion effect of acrylamide hydrogel, and the hydrogel has high viscosity, so that the hydrogel cannot enter gaps with small intervals to adsorb the radionuclide, and the adsorbed hydrogel cannot be smoothly eluted from the gaps, so that the overall decontamination efficiency is low, the application range and the environmental adaptability are to be improved, and the storage time is short.

Therefore, it is necessary to develop a nuclide decontamination solution capable of solving the above technical problems, and a preparation method and applications thereof.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the nuclide decontamination solution which has high decontamination efficiency, wide application range, strong environmental adaptability and long storage time, and the preparation method and the application thereof.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a nuclide decontamination solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.3-6% of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid pentasodium, 0.1-5% of auxiliary chelating agent, 0.1-2% of buffering agent, 0.1-2% of adsorbent, 1-10% of surfactant, 0.1-1% of preservative, 0.1-1% of defoaming agent, 0.1-1% of acid-base regulator, 0.1-2% of stabilizer and the balance of water.

Preferably, the nuclide decontamination solution consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 1-5% of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid pentasodium, 1-4% of auxiliary chelating agent, 1-1.5% of buffering agent, 0.5-1% of adsorbent, 3-8% of surfactant, 0.1-1% of preservative, 0.5-1% of defoaming agent, 0.5-1% of acid-base regulator, 0.5-1.5% of stabilizer and the balance of water.

Preferably, the auxiliary chelating agent is at least two of sodium gluconate, sodium pyrophosphate, hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and N- (2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine-N, N' -triacetic acid.

More preferably, the auxiliary chelating agent is a mixture of sodium gluconate, disodium edetate and hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid.

More preferably, the mass ratio of the sodium gluconate to the disodium edetate to the hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid is 3-5:1-3: 1.

Preferably, the buffer is at least one of sodium citrate, disodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium silicate.

Preferably, the adsorbent is at least two of chitosan, sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), acrylamide and bentonite.

More preferably, the adsorbent is a mixture of chitosan and sodium alginate.

More preferably, the mass ratio of the chitosan to the sodium alginate is 0.5-2: 1.

Preferably, the surfactant is at least two of alkyl glycoside, alkyl benzene sulfonate, cocamidopropyl betaine, polyoxyethylene octyl phenol ether, sodium alpha-alkenyl sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate.

More preferably, the surfactant is a mixture of an alkyl glycoside and a polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether.

More preferably, the mass ratio of the alkyl glycoside to the polyoxyethylene octyl phenol ether is 1-3: 1.

Preferably, the preservative is at least one of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate.

Preferably, the defoaming agent is at least one of a silicone defoaming agent and a polyether defoaming agent.

More preferably, the defoamer is a polyether modified polysiloxane defoamer.

Preferably, the pH regulator is at least one of tartaric acid, sodium carbonate, ammonium chloride, citric acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, potassium hydroxide, monoethanolamine, sodium hydroxide and triethanolamine.

More preferably, the pH regulator is citric acid or triethanolamine.

Preferably, the stabilizer is at least one of sodium borate and urea.

Preferably, the nuclide decontamination solution has a pH of 5-9.

More preferably, the mass ratio of the diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid pentasodium to the auxiliary chelating agent is 2-8: 1-10.

The invention also relates to a preparation method of the nuclide decontamination solution, which comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid pentasodium, an auxiliary chelating agent and 30-50% of water according to the formula amount, and then adding a surfactant to obtain a solution A;

(2) mixing the adsorbent with 10-20% of water according to the formula amount, and adding a stabilizer to obtain a solution B;

(3) adding buffer, antiseptic, defoaming agent, and acid-base regulator into the residual water, and sequentially adding solution A and solution B.

Preferably, the preparation method comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid pentasodium, an auxiliary chelating agent and 30-50% of water according to the formula amount, adding a surfactant after the mixture is dissolved to be transparent, and dissolving the surfactant to be transparent to obtain a solution A;

(2) mixing the adsorbent with 10-20% of water, heating to 50-80 deg.C, dissolving to be transparent, adding stabilizer, and dissolving to be transparent to obtain solution B;

(3) and (3) adding a buffer agent, a preservative, a defoaming agent and an acid-base regulator into the residual water, dissolving the residual water until the residual water is transparent, adding the solution A under the stirring condition of 100-inch stirring at 300r/min, dissolving the solution A until the solution A is transparent, adding the solution B, and continuously dissolving the solution B until the solution A is transparent.

The invention also relates to the application of the nuclide decontamination solution or the nuclide decontamination solution prepared by the preparation method in radionuclide contamination decontamination.

Preferably, the application comprises radionuclide contamination wound decontamination on the surface of human skin, radionuclide contamination decontamination on the surface of an object.

Preferably, the radionuclide is at least one of natural radioactive elements, transuranic elements, fissile elements and synthetic radioactive elements.

More preferably, the natural radioactive elements include natural radioactive metallic elements and nonmetallic elements.

More preferably, the naturally radioactive element includes at least one of radioactive cesium, strontium, cobalt, manganese, nickel, phosphorus, fluorine, polonium, radon, francium, radium, actinium, thorium, protactinium, and uranium.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention adopts diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid pentasodium as a main chelating agent, and obviously improves the decontamination efficiency. In addition, the washing and disinfecting efficiency is further improved by adding the auxiliary chelating agent. Especially, when the auxiliary chelating agent is a mixture of sodium gluconate, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, the chelating effect on the radionuclides is obviously improved.

The buffering agent of the invention is beneficial to controlling the pH value of the product within the range of 5-9, and when the buffering agent is sodium citrate, the buffering agent has a certain antiseptic effect, is beneficial to long-term storage of the product, and is beneficial to improving the chelating efficiency and washing the chelated product.

The adsorbent has strong chelating and adsorbing effects on radionuclide, and especially when the adsorbent is a mixture of chitosan and sodium alginate, the adsorbent, the diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid pentasodium and an auxiliary chelating agent have synergistic effect, so that the decontamination efficiency is obviously improved.

The product of the invention can not separate out solids at low temperature, has strong environmental adaptability, can be applied to various environments of low temperature and low pressure, high temperature and high humidity, high temperature and intense heat and the like, and has obvious decontamination effect in desert, ocean island, tropical rain forest, coastal city, plateau and other areas.

The surfactant of the invention ensures that the chelated product does not remain on the surface of the skin or the object, is easy to wash, and avoids nuclide remaining on the surface of the skin or the object, thereby improving the decontamination efficiency.

The preservative is added, so that the product is favorable for long-term storage, has good stability, and is non-toxic and harmless to human bodies.

The pH value of the decontamination liquid is controlled within a neutral range of 5-9, so that the decontamination effect can be exerted, skin allergy is avoided, the application range is wider, a target group is more acceptable, and the risk of secondary injury of the decontamination liquid is avoided.

The decontamination solution has simple preparation method, stronger decontamination effect on various nuclides and wide application range.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, and the advantages and features of the invention will become apparent as the description proceeds. These examples are illustrative only and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.