阅读说明：本技术 一种提高废铝利用率的铝合金加工方法 (Aluminum alloy processing method for improving utilization rate of waste aluminum ) 是由 郭世龙 郭启军 于 2020-07-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及废铝回收利用技术领域,公开了一种提高废铝利用率的铝合金加工方法,将回收得到的废铝加工为铝锭,然后与纯铝按照质量比为0.33-0.35:0.60-0.70的比例混合,再添加质量分数占混合铝料3.5-4.5%的其它合金元素,熔炼为铝合金；废铝与新铝之间的结合力增强,加工性能升级,提高了铝合金的强度；本发明通过对废铝的除杂熔炼,除去废铝中存在的有害元素,保障了再生铝的质量,作为纯铝代替物制备铝合金,结果表明添加30-35%废铝制备得到的铝合金型材抗拉强度达到345-355MPa,伸长率达到11-16%,机械性能效果优于采用纯铝加合金元素所得铝型材的性能,并且提高了废铝的可再生利用率,降低了生产成本,能够提高废铝利用率,制备得到的铝合金具有相当高的强度和塑性。(The invention relates to the technical field of waste aluminum recycling, and discloses an aluminum alloy processing method for improving the utilization rate of waste aluminum, wherein the waste aluminum obtained by recycling is processed into an aluminum ingot, then the aluminum ingot is mixed with pure aluminum according to the mass ratio of 0.33-0.35:0.60-0.70, and then other alloy elements with the mass fraction accounting for 3.5-4.5% of the mixed aluminum material are added to be smelted into aluminum alloy; the binding force between the waste aluminum and the new aluminum is enhanced, the processing performance is upgraded, and the strength of the aluminum alloy is improved; the method removes harmful elements in the aluminum scrap by impurity-removing smelting of the aluminum scrap, ensures the quality of the secondary aluminum, and prepares the aluminum alloy as a pure aluminum substitute, and the result shows that the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy section prepared by adding 30-35% of the aluminum scrap reaches 345-355MPa, the elongation reaches 11-16%, the mechanical property effect is superior to the performance of the aluminum section prepared by adding alloy elements into pure aluminum, the renewable utilization rate of the aluminum scrap is improved, the production cost is reduced, the utilization rate of the aluminum scrap can be improved, and the prepared aluminum alloy has quite high strength and plasticity.)

1. An aluminum alloy processing method for improving the utilization rate of scrap aluminum is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) feeding the impurity-removed and paint-removed waste aluminum into a smelting furnace heated to the temperature of 700-708 ℃ for smelting, adding a refiner, wherein the addition amount accounts for 0.06-0.09% of the mass of the waste aluminum, heating to the temperature of 740-750 ℃, continuing to carry out heat preservation smelting for 40-50 minutes, adding a refining agent, the addition amount is 0.15-0.17% of the mass of a smelting solution, standing and smelting for 10-12 minutes, quickly removing slag inclusion after floating up, immediately pouring after removing slag inclusion to obtain an aluminum ingot;

(2) mixing the aluminum ingot processed in the step (1) with pure aluminum according to the mass ratio of 0.33-0.35:0.60-0.70, adding other alloy elements accounting for 3.5-4.5% of the mixed aluminum material by mass, and smelting the mixture into aluminum alloy, wherein the 3.5-4.5% of other alloy elements comprise the following elements by mass percent: 0.72-0.78% of magnesium, 0.14-0.26% of chromium, 0.31-0.35% of iron, 0.20-0.24% of manganese, 0.38-0.40% of nickel, 0.16-0.20% of tin, 0.40-0.45% of copper, 0.17-0.20% of zinc, and the balance of silicon and inevitable impurities; the obtained aluminum alloy is subjected to homogenization heat treatment, the annealing temperature is 550-555 ℃, the annealing time is 9-11 hours, the heating speed is 5.5-6.0 ℃/min, then the temperature is reduced to 220-230 ℃, and the aluminum alloy is cooled to room temperature by air cooling.

2. The aluminum alloy processing method for improving the utilization rate of the aluminum scrap according to claim 1, wherein the paint removing method in the step (1) comprises the following steps: and heating the waste aluminum sheet to 500-510 ℃ by adopting a high-temperature carbonization mode, rapidly stirring, treating for 20-30 minutes, and screening out the fallen carbon powder particles.

3. The method for processing the aluminum alloy for improving the utilization rate of the aluminum scraps as claimed in claim 1, wherein the refiner prepared in the step (1) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-17 parts of europium chloride, 8-10 parts of strontium carbonate, 3-5 parts of boron oxide, 6-8 parts of sodium hexafluoroaluminate and 4-6 parts of calcium fluoride.

4. The method for processing the aluminum alloy for improving the utilization rate of the aluminum scraps as claimed in claim 1, wherein the refining agent in the step (1) is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of potassium chloride, 8-10 parts of magnesium chloride, 20-25 parts of bentonite, 7-8 parts of sodium chloride and 11-16 parts of calcium chloride.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy in step (2) is smelted by a multi-component mixed gas refining technique, and when the temperature reaches 775-780 ℃, the mixed gas of nitrogen and argon is introduced, the gas flow is 600-800 cc/min, and the aeration time is 30-40 min, wherein the volume ratio of nitrogen to argon is 2.0-2.5: 1.6-1.8.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of waste aluminum recycling, and particularly relates to an aluminum alloy processing method for improving the utilization rate of waste aluminum.

Background

The waste aluminum is used as a renewable resource, and the recycling and the reutilization of the waste aluminum have important significance for improving the economic benefit and the social benefit. With the development of economy, the status and the function of aluminum and aluminum alloy in national economy are second to steel, and the dosage and the range of the aluminum and the aluminum alloy are increasingly expanded. The raw aluminum can not meet the social needs, on one hand, the bauxite is exhausted day by day, and on the other hand, the smelting of the aluminum consumes a large amount of energy, which aggravates the energy crisis. Therefore, it is particularly important to effectively recycle and utilize various scrap materials and scrap parts in the aluminum processing industry. On the other hand, a large amount of energy is consumed in the process of smelting new aluminum, and the energy consumption for melting waste aluminum is very low and is only about 5 percent of that of electrolytic aluminum; the aluminum is a metal with strong corrosion resistance, the corrosion loss is less, the real yield is quite high when the waste aluminum is remelted, the recovery value is high, and the aluminum can be recycled for infinite times. The technology of scrap aluminum regeneration is more and more emphasized based on the urgent needs of resource, environment and economic development.

The aluminum alloy is hardly corroded in the using process due to the excellent corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy, and can be applied to a wide range of occasions. The technology of preparing aluminum alloy by utilizing aluminum scrap recovery is already applied, however, the addition amount of the aluminum scrap can have adverse effect on the quality of the aluminum alloy. In the process of casting aluminum alloy, adding 10% of waste aluminum to the raw material can cause the aluminum alloy section to show different degrees of reduction. Therefore, the utilization rate of the waste aluminum is still low in the aluminum alloy processing process.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an aluminum alloy processing method for improving the utilization rate of waste aluminum, which obviously improves the addition utilization rate of the waste aluminum, does not cause the reduction of performance, and improves the mechanical properties of the prepared aluminum alloy such as tensile strength, elongation and the like.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

an aluminum alloy processing method for improving the utilization rate of scrap aluminum comprises the following steps:

processing the recovered waste aluminum into aluminum ingots, mixing the aluminum ingots with pure aluminum according to the mass ratio of 0.33-0.35:0.60-0.70, adding other alloy elements accounting for 3.5-4.5% of the mixed aluminum material by mass, and smelting the aluminum ingots into aluminum alloy, wherein the 3.5-4.5% of other alloy elements comprise the following elements in percentage by mass: 0.72-0.78% of magnesium, 0.14-0.26% of chromium, 0.31-0.35% of iron, 0.20-0.24% of manganese, 0.38-0.40% of nickel, 0.16-0.20% of tin, 0.40-0.45% of copper, 0.17-0.20% of zinc, and the balance of silicon and inevitable impurities; the mass percentages are all the mass percentages of the mixed aluminum material, the obtained aluminum alloy is subjected to homogenization heat treatment, the annealing temperature is 550-555 ℃, the annealing time is 9-11 hours, the heating speed is 5.5-6.0 ℃/min, then the temperature is reduced to 220-230 ℃ through water quenching, and the aluminum alloy is cooled to room temperature through air cooling;

during smelting, the aluminum alloy is smelted by adopting a multi-component mixed gas refining technology, after the temperature reaches 775-.

The preparation method for processing the waste aluminum into the aluminum ingot comprises the following steps: feeding the impurity-removed and paint-removed waste aluminum into a smelting furnace heated to the temperature of 700-708 ℃ for smelting, adding a refiner, wherein the addition amount accounts for 0.06-0.09% of the mass of the waste aluminum, heating to the temperature of 740-750 ℃, continuing to carry out heat preservation smelting for 40-50 minutes, adding a refining agent, the addition amount is 0.15-0.17% of the mass of a smelting solution, standing and smelting for 10-12 minutes, quickly removing slag inclusion after floating up, immediately pouring after removing slag inclusion to obtain an aluminum ingot; the refiner is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 10-17 parts of europium chloride, 8-10 parts of strontium carbonate, 3-5 parts of boron oxide, 6-8 parts of sodium hexafluoroaluminate and 4-6 parts of calcium fluoride; the refiner not only can play a refining role, but also can refine the waste aluminum, and the obtained structural strength and the shaping are obviously improved through alloying effect, so that various mechanical properties of the aluminum are improved.

The impurity removal process comprises the steps of removing impurities such as waste iron, dust, sand and the like in the waste aluminum, and the paint removing method comprises the following steps: and heating the waste aluminum sheet to 500-510 ℃ by adopting a high-temperature carbonization mode, rapidly stirring, treating for 20-30 minutes, and screening out the fallen carbon powder particles.

The refining agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of potassium chloride, 8-10 parts of magnesium chloride, 20-25 parts of bentonite, 7-8 parts of sodium chloride and 11-16 parts of calcium chloride.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: in order to solve the problem of low utilization rate of the existing aluminum scrap in the aluminum alloy processing, the invention provides an aluminum alloy processing method for improving the utilization rate of the aluminum scrap, which comprises the steps of processing the recovered aluminum scrap into aluminum ingots, mixing the aluminum ingots with pure aluminum according to the mass ratio of 0.33-0.35:0.60-0.70, adding other alloy elements accounting for 3.5-4.5% of the mixed aluminum material by mass fraction, and smelting the aluminum ingots into aluminum alloy; the binding force between the waste aluminum and the new aluminum is enhanced, the processing performance is upgraded, and the strength of the aluminum alloy is improved; according to the invention, harmful elements in the aluminum scrap are removed by impurity-removing smelting of the aluminum scrap, the quality of the secondary aluminum is guaranteed, and the secondary aluminum is used as a pure aluminum substitute for preparing the aluminum alloy, and the result shows that the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy section prepared by adding 30-35% of the aluminum scrap reaches 345-355MPa, the elongation reaches 11-16%, the mechanical property effect is superior to the performance of the aluminum section prepared by adding the pure aluminum alloy elements, the renewable utilization rate of the aluminum scrap is improved, the production cost is reduced, the utilization rate of the aluminum scrap can be improved, the prepared aluminum alloy has quite high strength and plasticity, and the comprehensive mechanical property is excellent; the invention realizes the practical application through the research on the regeneration technology of the waste aluminum, is beneficial to the sustainable development of aluminum resources, reduces the energy consumption and improves the economic benefit.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.