阅读说明：本技术 一种钛合金复合材料的制备装置及制备方法 (Preparation device and preparation method of titanium alloy composite material ) 是由 韩善果 杨永强 罗子艺 蔡得涛 薛亚飞 郑世达 于 2020-08-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种钛合金复合材料的制备装置及制备方法,其中,制备装置包括枪体,所述枪体的喷嘴上设有激光束通道、第一等离子发生电极、第二等离子发生电极、第一导丝嘴和第二导丝嘴,所述激光束通道传输的激光束位于其中轴线上,所述第一等离子发生电极、所述第二等离子发生电极、所述第一导丝嘴和所述第二导丝嘴依次均匀分布于所述激光束通道的外周并与所述激光束通道的中轴线呈夹角。本发明利用了激光-等离子复合热源熔融沉积丝材,复合热源的能量集中,沉积过程的热输入小,复合材料晶粒细化,缺陷少,成型精度高,制备装置的结构简单、易于实现,沉积效率高,适用于各种性能和大尺寸复合材料的制备。(The invention discloses a preparation device and a preparation method of a titanium alloy composite material, wherein the preparation device comprises a gun body, a nozzle of the gun body is provided with a laser beam channel, a first plasma generation electrode, a second plasma generation electrode, a first yarn guide nozzle and a second yarn guide nozzle, a laser beam transmitted by the laser beam channel is positioned on the central axis of the laser beam channel, and the first plasma generation electrode, the second plasma generation electrode, the first yarn guide nozzle and the second yarn guide nozzle are sequentially and uniformly distributed on the periphery of the laser beam channel and form an included angle with the central axis of the laser beam channel. The invention utilizes the laser-plasma composite heat source to melt and deposit the wire material, the energy of the composite heat source is concentrated, the heat input in the deposition process is small, the crystal grain of the composite material is refined, the defects are few, the forming precision is high, the structure of the preparation device is simple, the realization is easy, the deposition efficiency is high, and the invention is suitable for the preparation of the composite materials with various performances and large sizes.)

1. The utility model provides a titanium alloy combined material's preparation facilities, its characterized in that, includes the rifle body, be equipped with laser beam passageway, first plasma generating electrode, second plasma generating electrode, first yarn guide mouth and second yarn guide mouth on the nozzle of the rifle body, the laser beam of laser beam passageway transmission is located its central axis, first plasma generating electrode the second plasma generating electrode first yarn guide mouth with second yarn guide mouth evenly distributed in proper order in the periphery of laser beam passageway and with the axis of laser beam passageway is the contained angle.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first wire guide nozzle and the second wire guide nozzle each form an angle of 50 ° to 70 ° with a central axis of the laser beam passage.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first plasma generation electrode and the second plasma generation electrode respectively form an angle of 20 ° to 40 ° with the central axis of the laser beam channel.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first plasma generation electrode and the second plasma generation electrode each have a maximum load current of 100A.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first wire guide nozzle is configured to deliver a solid wire and the second wire guide nozzle is configured to deliver a cored wire.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the solid wire has a diameter of 1.0mm, 1.2mm, or 1.6mm, and the cored wire has a diameter of 1.6mm or 2.0 mm.

7. The apparatus for preparing a titanium alloy composite material according to claim 1, wherein the laser beam passage has a truncated cone shape in its outer shape.

8. The apparatus for preparing a titanium alloy composite material according to claim 1, wherein a water cooling passage for cooling the first plasma generating electrode and the second plasma generating electrode, and a gas passage for arcing the first plasma generating electrode and the second plasma generating electrode are arranged in the gun body.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a shielding gas hood is provided on the nozzle of the gun body, and the shielding gas hood is provided around the laser beam passage, the first plasma generation electrode, the second plasma generation electrode, the first wire guide nozzle, and the second wire guide nozzle.

10. A method for producing a titanium alloy composite material, characterized by using the apparatus for producing a titanium alloy composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:

(1) selecting solid wires and flux-cored wires according to the deposition treatment requirement, and adjusting laser power, plasma current, wire feeding speeds of a first wire guide nozzle and a second wire guide nozzle and the deposition speed;

(2) sequentially depositing each layer along the Z direction in a layered stacking mode, and depositing each layer in an alternate deposition mode of solid wires and flux-cored wires;

(3) after each layer is deposited, the surface of the deposited layer is heated by using a composite heat source of laser and plasma so as to reduce the height difference of the surface of the deposited layer;

(4) and repeating the steps until the material increase of the titanium alloy composite material is completed in the Z direction.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation device and a preparation method of a titanium alloy composite material.

Background

The titanium alloy composite material has the outstanding characteristics of low density, high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, excellent high-temperature mechanical property and the like, plays an important role in advanced high-tech and advanced scientific fields such as airplanes, high thrust-weight ratio aeroengines, spacecrafts, satellites, carrier rockets, ships, medical treatment and the like, and becomes one of active research fields of material science.

Traditionally, the preparation of titanium alloy composite materials is mainly based on methods such as powder metallurgy, die casting, sintering, hot isostatic pressing, stirring casting and the like. The traditional method has the defects of complex production equipment, high production cost and the like. With the development of laser processing technology, more and more scholars prepare high-performance composite materials by using a laser deposition method. The laser melting deposition is a rapid forming technology which does not need a tool die and directly sinters and forms metal powder by using high-energy laser, can realize rapid and near-net forming of high-performance complex structural parts, and provides a very potential preparation method for titanium alloy composite materials.

The existing laser deposition technology mainly comprises the following steps: 1. the titanium alloy composite material and the preparation method thereof and the laser additive manufacturing and forming method disclosed in CN201910224136.3 adopt a ball milling method to prepare titanium carbide, titanium boride, boron carbide and titanium alloy powder into high-strength and high-hardness composite powder, and then form the high-strength and high-hardness titanium alloy material without cracks and low gaps by the laser additive manufacturing method, so that the defects of poor wear resistance and low hardness of the traditional titanium alloy are overcome. 2. In the laser additive manufacturing method of the titanium-based composite material member with the high-temperature titanium alloy as the matrix disclosed in CN201910815546.5, a part is directly formed in a layered manner according to a three-dimensional model by using a laser selective laser melting method and mixed powder of the titanium alloy and a reinforcement. 3. In the 'composite coating, titanium alloy based composite material and preparation method thereof' disclosed in CN201510252581.2, the composite powder is added on the titanium alloy substrate by using a laser cladding method, so as to obtain the oxidation-resistant and wear-resistant coating. 4. In the method for preparing the titanium alloy graphene oxide reinforced composite material by laser disclosed in CN201911247043.9, a graphene oxide powder solution is coated on the surface of a titanium alloy substrate, the coating thickness is 0.7mm, and then the coating layer is scanned by laser to form the composite material with corrosion resistance. In the prior art, the reinforced powder is prepared on the titanium alloy base material by using laser, so that the preparation of various composite or gradient materials is realized, although the surface performance of the titanium alloy is improved, the powder material increase efficiency is low, the cost is high, large-size blanks cannot be manufactured, and the performance improvement is concentrated on the surface layer of the material.

For this reason, the following improved techniques have been developed: 1. CN201810738804.X discloses "preparation of La by TIG cladding₂O₃The method for modifying the composite material utilizes an electric arc deposition method to improve the production efficiency, and provides a new way for preparing the composite material. 2. CN201721427301.8 discloses a "wire and powder feeding coupling device based on arc deposition metal matrix composite", which has both wire feeding and powder feeding functions, and can prevent particles from passing through an arc space for a long distance during powder feeding, and shorten the solid-liquid contact time between the particles and liquid metal, thereby preventing the occurrence of particle dissolution and harmful chemical reaction in the preparation process of metal matrix composite. 3. CN201910981099.0 in the disclosure of "a metal-based layered composite material and its arc additive manufacturing methodThe composite material is prepared by stacking the metal-metal or metal-particle reinforced phase layer by layer, and the preparation system is a wire-powder composite electric arc additive manufacturing system. However, although the arc wire powder applied in the above technology can be stacked in layers and obtain a composite material with improved performance, the heat input of the arc is large, and the heat accumulation effect is easily caused, thereby affecting the forming precision and the texture crystal grains of the composite material.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation device and a preparation method of a titanium alloy composite material. The composite material is prepared by alternately melting and depositing the solid wire and the flux-cored wire by using the composite heat source of plasma and laser to form a deposition layer, and sequentially depositing a plurality of deposition layers along the Z direction, so that the performance improvement is uniformly distributed on the whole material, the energy of the laser-plasma composite heat source is concentrated, the heat input in the deposition process is small, the crystal grain of the composite material is refined, the defects are few, and the surface is smooth.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the utility model provides a titanium alloy combined material's preparation facilities, its includes the rifle body, be equipped with laser beam passageway, first plasma generating electrode, second plasma generating electrode, first thread guide mouth and second thread guide mouth on the nozzle of the rifle body, the laser beam of laser beam passageway transmission is located its central axis, first plasma generating electrode the second plasma generating electrode first thread guide mouth with second thread guide mouth evenly distributed in proper order in the periphery of laser beam passageway and with the axis of laser beam passageway is the contained angle.

Therefore, the preparation device provided by the invention is provided with two sets of laser-plasma deposition systems which are arranged in a cross shape, wherein the laser beams are positioned in the center of the cross shape, one set of deposition system consists of a first plasma generation electrode, a first wire guide nozzle and the laser beams, and the other set of deposition system consists of a second plasma generation electrode, a second wire guide nozzle and the laser beams.

Under the working state, the plasmas generated by the first plasma generating electrode and the second plasma generating electrode and the laser form a composite heat source, and the energy is concentrated at the intersection of the laser beam and the plasma arc. And the titanium alloy wires fed by the first wire guide nozzle and the second wire guide nozzle are used as filling materials and are continuously fed to the junction, and molten drops are formed after the titanium alloy wires are melted and are transferred to the surface of the base material to finish the deposition process. During the deposition process, the deposition layer appears on the moving path along with the continuous movement of the gun body.

Preferably, the first yarn guide nozzle and the second yarn guide nozzle respectively form an included angle of 50-70 degrees with a central axis of the laser beam channel. If the included angle is too small, the wire material can disturb the molten pool; if the included angle is too large, the molten drop of the wire material can be unsmooth to transition.

Preferably, the first plasma generating electrode and the second plasma generating electrode respectively form an included angle of 20-40 degrees with the central axis of the laser beam channel. Therefore, the ion generating electrode and the wire guide mouth can be kept in a vertical or near vertical state, thereby ensuring that the electric arc directly acts on the wire and the wire is fully melted.

Preferably, the maximum carrying current of the first plasma generating electrode and the second plasma generating electrode is 100A, respectively.

Preferably, the first wire guide nozzle is used for conveying solid wires, and the second wire guide nozzle is used for conveying flux-cored wires. Preferably, the diameter of the solid wire is 1.0mm, 1.2mm or 1.6mm, and the diameter of the flux core wire is 1.6mm or 2.0 mm. The core of the flux-cored wire is wrapped with alloy powder for improving the performance of the titanium alloy, and the alloy powder can be freely selected according to the product requirements, and the material of the surface layer is consistent with that of the solid wire.

At the moment, the two sets of laser-plasma deposition systems arranged in a cross shape in the preparation device are respectively a solid wire deposition system and a flux-cored wire deposition system, wherein the solid wire deposition system is used for depositing and forming a titanium alloy matrix, and the flux-cored wire deposition system is used for modifying the performance of the titanium alloy matrix. During deposition, solid filaments and drug core filaments are alternately deposited. After the whole layer deposition is finished, the surface of the deposition layer is heated by using a laser-plasma composite heat source, so that the height difference of the surface of the deposition layer is reduced, and the flatness of the deposition layer is improved. The parameters used in the deposition process should be such that the solid filament deposition layer is comparable to the geometry of the flux cored filament deposition layer.

Preferably, the laser beam channel has a truncated cone shape.

Further, a water cooling channel for cooling the first plasma generating electrode and the second plasma generating electrode, and a gas channel for arcing the first plasma generating electrode and the second plasma generating electrode are arranged in the gun body.

Preferably, a shielding gas hood is arranged on a nozzle of the gun body and is arranged on the periphery of the laser beam channel, the first plasma generating electrode, the second plasma generating electrode, the first yarn guide nozzle and the second yarn guide nozzle. The protective gas cover forms a protective gas channel, and two plasma generating electrodes and laser share one protective gas channel in the deposition process.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the titanium alloy composite material, which comprises the following steps of:

(1) selecting solid wires and flux-cored wires according to the deposition treatment requirement, and adjusting laser power, plasma current, wire feeding speeds of a first wire guide nozzle and a second wire guide nozzle and the deposition speed;

(2) sequentially depositing each layer along the Z direction in a layered stacking manner, and depositing each layer in an alternating manner of solid wires and flux-cored wires;

(3) after each layer is deposited, the surface of the deposited layer is heated by using a composite heat source of laser and plasma so as to reduce the height difference of the surface of the deposited layer;

(4) and repeating the steps until the material increase of the titanium alloy composite material is completed in the Z direction, thus obtaining the titanium alloy composite material.

According to the invention, each layer is sequentially deposited along the Z direction in a layered accumulation mode, and each layer is deposited in an alternate deposition mode of the solid wire and the flux-cored wire, so that the deposition efficiency is high, the performance improvement can be dispersed to the whole material, and the composite performance of the material is uniformly distributed. After the deposition of one layer is finished, the invention also utilizes the composite heat source of laser and plasma to heat the surface of the deposited layer to realize secondary remelting, thereby increasing the flatness of the surface of the stacked layer.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the preparation device provided by the invention utilizes a composite heat source of laser and plasma to melt and deposit the wire material, the energy of the composite heat source is concentrated, the heat input in the deposition process is small, the prepared composite material has the advantages of fine grains, few defects and high forming precision.

2. The preparation device can prepare the composite material by a layered stacking mode, and can deposit solid wires and drug core wires alternately when preparing each deposition layer, so that the performance improvement is more uniformly dispersed to the whole material, and the distribution uniformity of the composite performance of the material is improved. In addition, after the deposition of each deposition layer is finished, the surface of the deposition layer is heated by the composite heat source of laser and plasma, and secondary remelting is carried out on the surface of the deposition layer, so that the flatness of the surface of the accumulation layer is increased, and the forming precision of the composite material is further improved.

3. The invention has high deposition efficiency, simple structure of the preparation device, easy realization and suitability for the preparation of composite materials with various performances and large sizes.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for preparing a titanium alloy composite material according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for preparing a titanium alloy composite according to the present invention from another perspective;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the positions of the parts of the apparatus for producing a titanium alloy composite material according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-weave deposition of example 2;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the deposition of the endless woven fabric of example 3;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of spiral braid deposition of example 4.

In the figure, a laser beam channel 1, a first plasma generating electrode 2, a second plasma generating electrode 3, a first wire guide nozzle 4, a second wire guide nozzle 5, a laser beam 6 and a protective gas hood 7.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The structural arrangements in the embodiments are, unless otherwise specified, conventional in the art.