阅读说明：本技术 一种用于5a90铝锂合金t型结构双激光束双侧同步焊接的焊前反变形装置及方法 (Pre-welding reversible deformation device and method for double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding of 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy T-shaped structure ) 是由 占小红 李云 夏令 余海松 封小松 夏佩云 于 2019-03-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于5A90铝锂合金T型结构双激光束双侧同步焊接的焊前反变形装置及方法,步骤如下：焊前调整焊接工装平台各个支架的高度,保证平台表面水平,并将单桁条T型接头夹具放置其上,在单桁条T型接头夹具上表面放置两块薄铝片,蒙皮材料放置在薄铝片上方,并与夹具上表面呈φ＝1.7°的夹角以消除焊后变形；桁条垂直于蒙皮放置,并采用单桁条T型接头夹具夹持桁条,保证桁条的位置相对蒙皮固定；采用柔性夹具作用于蒙皮中部,防止焊后蒙皮中部上拱。本发明针对5A90铝锂合金T型结构所采用的双激光束双侧同步焊接焊后变形问题,通过焊前预设反变形角度获得了焊缝成形良好、无明显焊接变形的T型接头。(The invention relates to a pre-welding reverse deformation device and a pre-welding reverse deformation method for double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding of a 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy T-shaped structure, which comprises the following steps: adjusting the height of each support of the welding tool platform before welding to ensure the surface of the platform to be horizontal, placing a single-stringer T-shaped joint clamp on the support, placing two thin aluminum sheets on the upper surface of the single-stringer T-shaped joint clamp, and placing a skin material above the thin aluminum sheets and forming an included angle phi of 1.7 degrees with the upper surface of the clamp to eliminate deformation after welding; the stringer is placed perpendicular to the skin, and a single-stringer T-shaped joint clamp is adopted to clamp the stringer, so that the position of the stringer is fixed relative to the skin; and a flexible clamp is adopted to act on the middle part of the skin, so that the middle part of the skin is prevented from arching after welding. Aiming at the problem of deformation after welding of double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding adopted by a 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy T-shaped structure, the T-shaped joint with good weld joint forming and no obvious welding deformation is obtained by presetting a reverse deformation angle before welding.)

1. The utility model provides a two laser beam bilateral synchro welding of two laser beams of a 5A90 aluminium lithium alloy T type structure are used to weld and are moved deformation device and method before, its characterized in that: the device comprises an aluminum sheet, a single-stringer special tool clamp and a flexible clamp. The special tool clamp for the aluminum sheet and the single stringer is positioned on the welding platform, wherein the aluminum sheet is positioned below the weldment and is used for clamping the weldment by adopting the special tool clamp for the single stringer; one end of the flexible clamp is fixed on the welding platform, and the other end of the flexible clamp is clamped on the surface of the weldment.

2. The pre-welding reverse deformation device and the method for the double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding of the 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy T-shaped structure according to claim 1, wherein the pre-welding reverse deformation device comprises: the skin material of the double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding T-shaped joint is 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy, and the size is 405mm multiplied by 60mm multiplied by 2.5 mm; in addition, 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy is also selected as the stringer material of the T-shaped joint, and the size is 405mm multiplied by 35mm multiplied by 2.5 mm; and (3) removing an oxide film on the surface of the workpiece to be welded by using an alkaline solution, wiping and cleaning the surface of the sample by using acetone before welding, and removing residual pollutants to ensure that the surface of the sample is clean.

3. The pre-welding reverse deformation device and the method for the double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding of the 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy T-shaped structure according to claim 1, wherein the pre-welding reverse deformation device comprises: the 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy T-shaped structural skin material is placed on a special tooling fixture for the single stringer, the skin material is placed above the thin aluminum sheet and forms a certain included angle with the upper surface of the fixture, and a reverse deformation angle is reserved to eliminate deformation after welding. The height y of the aluminum sheet is determined by the length (a), width (b) and thickness (c) of the T-shaped structural skin material, so that a functional relation is established, wherein the functional relation is y-f (a, b and c).

4. The pre-welding reverse deformation device and the method for the double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding of the 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy T-shaped structure according to claim 1, wherein the pre-welding reverse deformation device comprises: the special tool clamp for the single stringer is fixed on the welding platform and used for clamping a skin-stringer T-shaped structure according to the size of a weldment and the tool requirements of double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding, so that the stringer is prevented from shifting and deforming during welding, the surfaces of the stringer and the skin are tightly combined, and the defects of incomplete penetration, poor welding seam quality and the like caused by gaps among the skin stringers are avoided.

5. The pre-welding reverse deformation method for the double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding of the T-shaped structure of the 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the flexible clamp is clamped at 4 different positions on the surface of the weldment, so that welding deformation can be effectively prevented.

6. The pre-welding reverse deformation device and the method for the double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding of the 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy T-shaped structure according to claim 1, wherein the pre-welding reverse deformation device comprises: aiming at the 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy skin-stringer T-shaped structure, based on a laser uniform light splitting technology, a double-robot synchronous operation technology and an off-line programming technology, a double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding process is adopted, and appropriate process parameters such as laser power, welding speed and the like are designed, so that the welding of the single-stringer T-shaped structure is realized.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a pre-welding reversible deformation device and a pre-welding reversible deformation method for double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding of a 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy T-shaped structure, and belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy welding deformation control.

Background

The aluminum lithium (Al-Li) alloy has a series of advantages of low density, high elastic modulus, high specific strength, good stress corrosion resistance and the like, and can bring comprehensive benefits of lightening the structure of an airplane body, reducing production, manufacturing and maintenance costs and the like when being applied to aerospace products, so the aluminum lithium alloy is considered to be an ideal aerospace light structure material.

The laser welding technology is an advanced connection technology at present, and laser has the characteristics of high energy density, high welding speed, small heat input, good flexibility and the like. At present, European air passenger car companies successfully apply the laser welding technology to the manufacturing of the aluminum alloy wall plate of the airplane body, and the traditional riveting technology is replaced by the laser welding technology, so that the weight of the integral structure of the airplane body is greatly reduced, and the manufacturing cost is correspondingly reduced.

The double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding adopted by the 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy T-shaped structure can generate angular deformation after welding. In the double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding process, laser beam incident positions on two sides of the T-shaped joint and a welding wire filling part are mutually symmetrical, and metal at a welding seam is transversely contracted in the cooling process, so that aluminum-lithium alloy materials on two sides of an angle joint form an angle deviation in a plane and generate angular deformation. Since the two sides of the T-shaped joint are symmetrical to each other about the stringer and the welding conditions of the two sides are consistent, the angular deformation of the two sides of the T-shaped joint is basically consistent finally.

Aiming at angular deformation in the double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding process of the aluminum-lithium alloy, common deformation control methods such as a rigid fixation method, a welding-following cooling method, a post-welding correction method and the like cannot meet the requirements. The reverse deformation method can reduce the post-welding angular deformation to be eliminated by flexibly selecting the reserved angle, and simultaneously greatly reduces the post-welding residual stress, so that the reverse deformation method is the best choice for controlling the post-welding deformation of the double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding of the T-shaped structure of the 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy.

Disclosure of Invention

1. The utility model provides a two laser beam bilateral synchro welding of two laser beams of a 5A90 aluminium lithium alloy T type structure are used to weld and are moved deformation device and method before, its characterized in that: the aluminum sheet and the special single-stringer tool clamp are positioned on the welding platform, wherein the aluminum sheet is positioned below a weldment and is clamped by the special single-stringer tool clamp; one end of the flexible clamp is fixed on the welding platform, and the other end of the flexible clamp is clamped on the surface of the weldment.

2. Further, the skin-stringer laser welding materials are all made of 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy, wherein the contents of the chemical components are as follows: al 92.46%, Mg 5.2%, Li 2.1%, Zr 0.11%, Fe 0.07%, Cu 0.03%, and Si 0.03%, wherein the welding material is ER4047 welding wire with diameter of 1.2mm, the main chemical component of the welding wire is aluminum element, and the silicon element in the welding wire can inhibit the formation of welding hot cracks.

3. Furthermore, 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy is selected as a skin material of the double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding T-shaped joint, and the size is 405mm multiplied by 60mm multiplied by 2.5 mm; in addition, 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy is also selected as the stringer material of the T-shaped joint, and the size is 405mm multiplied by 35mm multiplied by 2.5 mm; and (3) removing an oxide film on the surface of the workpiece to be welded by using an alkaline solution, wiping and cleaning the surface of the sample by using acetone before welding, and removing residual pollutants to ensure that the surface of the sample is clean.

4. Further, the 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy T-shaped structural skin material is placed on a special tooling fixture for the single stringer, the skin material is placed above the thin aluminum sheet and forms a certain included angle with the upper surface of the fixture, and a reverse deformation angle is reserved to eliminate deformation after welding. The height y of the aluminum sheet is determined by the length (a), width (b) and thickness (c) of the T-shaped structural skin material, so that a functional relation is established, wherein the functional relation is y-f (a, b and c).

5. Furthermore, the special tool clamp for the single stringer is fixed on the welding platform and is used for clamping the skin-stringer T-shaped structure according to the size of a weldment and the tool requirements of double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding, so that the stringer is prevented from deviating and deforming during welding, the surface of the stringer and the skin is ensured to be tightly combined, and the defects of incomplete penetration, poor welding quality and the like caused by gaps among the skin stringers are avoided.

6. Furthermore, the flexible clamp is clamped at 4 different positions on the surface of the weldment, so that welding deformation can be effectively prevented.

7. Further, aiming at the 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy skin-stringer T-shaped structure, based on a laser uniform light splitting technology, a double-robot synchronous operation technology and an off-line programming technology, a double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding process is adopted, and appropriate process parameters such as laser power, welding speed and the like are designed, so that the welding of the single-stringer T-shaped structure is realized.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the reverse deformation strategy for double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding of the 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy T-shaped structure enables a welded 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy T-shaped structure to be good in weld joint forming, the weld joint is uniform and symmetrical in shape, the defects of obvious cracks, deformation and the like do not exist, and long straight line weld joints are good in stability in the welding process. The process overcomes the defects of large deformation after welding, poor welding seam forming effect and the like of a single-stringer double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy T-shaped structure, and lays a foundation for improving the mechanical property of a welding joint of the aluminum lithium alloy T-shaped structure and improving the deformation after laser welding.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of double-laser-beam double-side simultaneous welding of a T-shaped structure of 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of the pre-weld deformation;

FIG. 3 is an overall schematic view of a double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding clamping position of a T-shaped structure of 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy;

FIG. 4 is a front view of a clamping position for double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding of a T-shaped structure of 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy;

FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged view of a double laser beam double-side simultaneous welding of a T-shaped structure of 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy;

in the figure, 1-welding platform, 2-clamp bottom plate, 3-column sleeve, 4-movable column, 5-stringer pressing plate, 6-bolt, 7-5A90 aluminum lithium alloy T-shaped structure, 8-upright column, 9-flexible clamp and 10-aluminum flake.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a pre-welding reverse deformation device and a pre-welding reverse deformation method for double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding of a T-shaped structure of a 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy, which are used for making the purpose, effect and technical scheme of the invention more clear and are explained in detail with reference to the attached drawings and an example. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

The invention is described in detail below by way of specific examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

5A90 aluminum lithium alloy is selected as a skin material for double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding of the T-shaped joint, and the size is 405mm multiplied by 60mm multiplied by 2.5 mm; in addition, 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy is also selected as the stringer material of the T-shaped joint, and the size is 405mm multiplied by 35mm multiplied by 2.5 mm; the welding wire is ER4047Al-Si welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, and the main chemical components of the welding wire are shown in the table; the protective gas in the welding process is 99.9% Ar, and the flow of the protective gas is 15L/min; the welding equipment adopts a TruDisk-12003 disc laser produced by the German TRUMPF company, and the maximum output power of the laser can reach 12000W. The control of the welding process is completed by a KUKA KR30HA six-axis welding robot, the maximum working range is 2033mm, and the repetition precision is +/-0.05 mm; placing a to-be-welded part in a stainless steel basket at the temperature of 45-55 ℃, using a spacer to avoid overlapping or attaching of parts planes when the parts are stacked, selecting alkali wash (wherein the sodium hydroxide is 20-35 g/L and the sodium carbonate is 20-30 g/L) to treat the to-be-welded part for 0.5-2 min so as to remove an oxide film on the surface of the material, wiping and cleaning the surface of a sample by using acetone before welding, and removing residual pollutants so as to ensure the surface of the sample to be clean, wherein the specific treatment method comprises the following steps: removing oil by acetone, removing an oxidation film, washing by clear water, neutralizing photochemical (soaking in a 30% nitric acid solution for 3min), washing by clear water, and drying (at 100-120 ℃); and then, teaching a welding track and setting parameters, wherein the specific welding process parameters are as follows:

further, the 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy T-shaped structural skin material is placed on a single-stringer special tool clamp, the skin material is placed above an aluminum sheet, the height of the aluminum sheet in the welding test is calculated to be 0.3mm according to the functional relation between the height of the aluminum sheet and the actual length, width and thickness of the T-shaped structural skin material, an included angle phi of 1.7 degrees is formed between the height of the aluminum sheet and the upper surface of the single-stringer tool clamp, and a reverse deformation angle is reserved.

Furthermore, the special tool clamp for the single stringer is fixed on the welding platform and is used for clamping the skin-stringer T-shaped structure according to the size of a weldment and the tool requirements of double-laser-beam bilateral synchronous welding, so that the stringer is prevented from deviating and deforming during welding, the surface of the stringer and the skin is ensured to be tightly combined, and the defects of incomplete penetration, poor welding quality and the like caused by gaps among the skin stringers are avoided.

Furthermore, the flexible clamp is clamped at 4 different positions on the surface of the weldment, the position of the weldment is accurately controlled, and welding deformation can be effectively prevented.

Further, aiming at the 5A90 aluminum lithium alloy skin-stringer T-shaped structure, based on a laser uniform light splitting technology, a double-robot synchronous operation technology and an off-line programming technology, a double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding process is adopted, and welding of the single-stringer T-shaped structure is achieved.

The deformation diagram after welding is shown in fig. 3, it can be found that the weld surface is formed stably, and defects such as cracks and gaps do not occur, and when the preset reverse deformation angle phi is 1.7 degrees, the deformation angle is only 0.15 degrees, and the deformation after welding is effectively controlled.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of this invention and it should be noted that modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention and these modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the invention.