阅读说明：本技术 一种铝青铜的熔炼工艺 (Smelting process of aluminum bronze ) 是由 胡克福 于 2020-07-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种铝青铜的熔炼工艺,包括以下步骤：步骤1.根据所述铝青铜的合金成分配比称取炉料,所述炉料包括电解铜、金属铝和稀土卤化物,所述稀土卤化物包括卤化镝、卤化钬、卤化铒、卤化铥、卤化镥中的至少一种；步骤2.在熔炼容器内装填所述电解铜和所述金属铝,所述金属铝的装料位置位于所述熔炼容器的加热源与所述电解铜的装料位置之间；步骤3.加热直至所述电解铜和所述金属铝全部熔清,得到熔体；步骤4.将所述熔体的温度维持在1050～1100℃；步骤5.向所述熔体中加入所述稀土卤化物；步骤6.停止加热,挡渣出钢；所述步骤4和所述步骤5总用时为20～60min。上述铝青铜的熔炼工艺可有效降低熔体中的氢气含量,减少铝青铜合金中的气孔。(The invention provides a smelting process of aluminum bronze, which comprises the following steps: step 1, weighing furnace burden according to the alloy component proportion of the aluminum bronze, wherein the furnace burden comprises electrolytic copper, metal aluminum and rare earth halide, and the rare earth halide comprises at least one of dysprosium halide, holmium halide, erbium halide, thulium halide and lutetium halide; step 2, filling the electrolytic copper and the metallic aluminum in a smelting vessel, wherein the charging position of the metallic aluminum is positioned between a heating source of the smelting vessel and the charging position of the electrolytic copper; step 3, heating until the electrolytic copper and the metal aluminum are completely melted down to obtain a melt; step 4, maintaining the temperature of the melt at 1050-1100 ℃; step 5, adding the rare earth halide into the melt; step 6, stopping heating, and stopping slag and tapping; the total time of the step 4 and the step 5 is 20-60 min. The smelting process of the aluminum bronze can effectively reduce the hydrogen content in the melt and reduce the pores in the aluminum bronze alloy.)

1. The smelting process of the aluminum bronze is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step 1, weighing furnace burden according to the alloy component proportion of the aluminum bronze, wherein the furnace burden comprises electrolytic copper, metal aluminum and rare earth halide, and the rare earth halide comprises at least one of dysprosium halide, holmium halide, erbium halide, thulium halide and lutetium halide;

step 2, filling the electrolytic copper and the metallic aluminum in a smelting vessel, wherein the charging position of the metallic aluminum is positioned between a heating source of the smelting vessel and the charging position of the electrolytic copper;

step 3, heating until the electrolytic copper and the metal aluminum are completely melted down to obtain a melt;

step 4, maintaining the temperature of the melt at 1050-1100 ℃;

step 5, adding the rare earth halide into the melt;

step 6, stopping heating, and stopping slag and tapping;

the total time of the step 4 and the step 5 is 20-60 min.

2. The aluminum bronze melting process according to claim 1, wherein:

the time consumption of the step 4 is 10-30 min, and the time consumption of the step 5 is 5-30 min.

3. The aluminum bronze melting process as defined in claim 2, wherein:

the time consumption of the step 4 is 25min, and the time consumption of the step 5 is 15 min.

4. The aluminum bronze melting process according to claim 1, wherein: in step 4, argon gas was blown into the melt.

5. The process for melting aluminum bronze according to claim 1 to 4, wherein: in the furnace burden, the metal aluminum accounts for 9.5-10% by mass.

6. The aluminum bronze melting process as defined in claim 5, wherein: the rare earth halide is a rare earth chloride.

7. The aluminum bronze melting process as defined in claim 6, wherein: the rare earth chloride comprises at least one of dysprosium chloride, holmium chloride and erbium chloride.

8. The aluminum bronze melting process as defined in claim 7, wherein: the rare earth chloride consists of dysprosium chloride, holmium chloride and erbium chloride, and accounts for 0.3-0.5% of the furnace burden in percentage by mass.

9. The aluminum bronze melting process of claim 8, wherein: in the furnace burden, the dysprosium chloride accounts for 0.1-0.15% by mass, the holmium chloride accounts for 0.1-0.18% by mass, and the erbium chloride accounts for 0.1-0.16% by mass.

10. The aluminum bronze melting process of claim 8, wherein: in the furnace burden, the dysprosium chloride accounts for 0.134% by mass, the holmium chloride accounts for 0.154% by mass, and the erbium chloride accounts for 0.146% by mass.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of alloy preparation processes, and particularly relates to a smelting process of aluminum bronze.

Background

The aluminum bronze is a copper alloy with aluminum as a main additive element, has a fine structure and high strength and wear resistance, has mechanical properties greatly exceeding those of tin bronze and brass, can even be compared with cast steel, and has good corrosion resistance and good water pressure resistance. Based on the above superior material characteristics of aluminum bronze, aluminum bronze has been commonly applied to wear-resistant parts working under heavy load, high temperature and high speed or corrosion-resistant parts working under heavy load and high cyclic stress to replace tin bronze, stainless steel and other conventional materials.

In recent years, experts and scholars at home and abroad are dedicated to the research of silver bronze alloys, various new processes and new technologies are continuously developed and applied, and meanwhile, the optimization and the improvement of the traditional process are highly valued by related researchers. The research hot spot of aluminum bronze mainly focuses on the smelting process, alloy components, structure and performance, strengthening treatment and other directions. In the process of smelting aluminum bronze, the defects of air holes caused by air suction are common, the mechanical property of a casting is seriously influenced, and even the casting is scrapped. The gases dissolved in the aluminum bronze alloy liquid mainly include oxygen, water vapor, sulfur dioxide and the like. In the aluminum bronze alloy liquid, aluminum is used as a main additive element, the density is low, and the aluminum is easy to oxidize, so that the aluminum on the liquid surface of the alloy liquid is easy to react with oxygen to form a layer of compact Al on the liquid surface₂O₃And the thin film prevents oxygen from entering the interior of the alloy liquid and prevents the alloy liquid below the oxide film from further oxidation. Therefore, the dissolved oxygen in the aluminum bronze alloy liquid is less, water vapor and hydrogen in the alloy liquid are main causes of forming air holes in the aluminum bronze, and the hydrogen is the most harmful gas in the aluminum bronze and has the largest influence on the casting quality. At the melting temperature of aluminum bronze, the solubility of hydrogen in the alloy liquid is high, but when the alloy liquid is cooled, the solubility of hydrogen rapidly decreases, and a large amount of hydrogen in a supersaturated state dissolved in the alloy liquid is precipitated in a bubble state, and thus a pore is formed without time to escape.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a smelting process of aluminum bronze to reduce pores formed in aluminum bronze alloy by hydrogen.

According to one aspect of the invention, an aluminum bronze smelting process is provided, which comprises the following steps: step 1, weighing furnace burden according to the alloy component proportion of aluminum bronze, wherein the furnace burden comprises electrolytic copper, metal aluminum and rare earth halide, and the rare earth halide comprises at least one of dysprosium halide, holmium halide, erbium halide, thulium halide and lutetium halide; step 2, electrolytic copper and metallic aluminum are filled in the smelting vessel, and the charging position of the metallic aluminum is positioned between the heating source of the smelting vessel and the charging position of the electrolytic copper; step 3, heating until the electrolytic copper and the metal aluminum are completely melted down to obtain a melt; step 4, maintaining the temperature of the melt at 1050-1100 ℃; step 5, adding rare earth halide into the melt; step 6, stopping heating, and stopping slag and tapping; the total time of the step 4 and the step 5 is 20-60 min.

In the processes of step 3 and step 4 of the method for melting aluminum bronze, the metallic aluminum which has a low melting point and is close to the heating source is melted before the electrolytic copper, and the surface layer liquid level of the metallic aluminum melt is oxidized to generate compact Al₂O₃And oxidizing the film to prevent further oxidation of the melt below the oxide film. And a large amount of heat can be released in the melting process of the metal aluminum, so that the temperature in the melting container is rapidly increased, the electrolytic copper with higher melting point is melted, and the effect of saving energy consumption is achieved.

During step 5 of the aluminum bronze melting method provided by the present invention, a rare earth halide (REX)₃) Will react with Al in the melt to precipitate rare earth [ RE ]]Rare earth [ RE ] precipitated therefrom]The activity of the rare earth element is far greater than that of RE added into the melt in the form of rare earth simple substance or rare earth alloy, and the RE can further neutralize [ H ] in the melt]The chemical combination generates hydride to achieve the effect of removing hydrogen; meanwhile, aluminum halide (AlX) with lower boiling point is generated in the process₃) A large amount of hydrogen-free bubbles are generated in the melt and can play a refining role, and the specific involved chemical reaction equation is as follows:

Al+REX₃＝[RE]+AlX₃[RE]+m[H]＝REH_m。

dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, lutetium have larger electronegativity, are more active to react with [ H ], and can generate more stable hydrides. In addition, the aluminum halide generated in the process can further react with [ H ] in the melt to achieve the effect of further removing hydrogen, and the specific involved chemical reaction equation is as follows:

AlX₃+3[H]＝Al+3HCl。

the aluminum bronze is smelted by the smelting method of the aluminum bronze, toxic gases such as chlorine and the like are not adopted in the process, the safety is high, the controllability is strong, the hydrogen content in the melt can be effectively reduced through simple operation, and pores caused by hydrogen retention in the aluminum bronze alloy are reduced.

Preferably, the time consumption of the step 4 is 10-30 min, and the time consumption of the step 5 is 5-30 min.

Preferably, the time spent in step 4 is 25min, and the time spent in step 5 is 15 min.

Preferably, in step 4, argon is blown into the melt. Hydrogen in the melt can be adsorbed by the argon and escape the melt with the argon. Moreover, argon gas is chemically stable relative to nitrogen gas, does not react with melt metal at the melting temperature, and does not bring impurities to the melt.

Preferably, the mass percentage of the metal aluminum in the furnace charge is 9.5-10%. When the aluminum content in the charge reaches 9.5% or more, the rare earth metal has a high reactivity in the melt, however, if the aluminum content in the charge is too high, the aluminum bronze thus produced has low plasticity and is liable to break.

Preferably, the rare earth halide is a rare earth chloride. The rare earth chloride reacts with Al in the melt to generate AlCl₃，AlCl₃Has a boiling point of 183 ℃ and thus AlCl in the melt₃In the form of a gas, i.e. AlCl₃The generation of the (C) can generate a large amount of hydrogen-free bubbles in the melt, and the refining effect can be achieved.

Preferably, the rare earth chloride comprises at least one of dysprosium chloride, holmium chloride and erbium chloride. The metallicity of dysprosium, holmium and erbium is not too high, and chlorides corresponding to the three rare earth metals have higher reaction activity with Al in the melt at the smelting temperature and are easily converted into AlCl₃And [ RE ]]。

Preferably, the rare earth chloride consists of dysprosium chloride, holmium chloride and erbium chloride, and accounts for 0.3-0.5% of the furnace burden by mass percent.

Preferably, in the furnace burden, dysprosium chloride accounts for 0.1-0.15% by mass, holmium chloride accounts for 0.1-0.18% by mass, and erbium chloride accounts for 0.1-0.16% by mass.

Preferably, in the charge, dysprosium chloride accounts for 0.134% by mass, holmium chloride accounts for 0.154% by mass, and erbium chloride accounts for 0.146% by mass.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.