阅读说明：本技术 一种针对曲面零件的激光冲击加工的装置及方法 (Device and method for laser shock processing of curved surface part ) 是由 叶云霞 曾让 聂曾 黄旭 于 2020-04-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种针对曲面零件的激光冲击加工的装置及方法,该装置包括：激光发射系统、计算机控制系统、信号光发射接收系统、光束调节系统、数控机械手臂；信号光发射接收系统包括光电传感器和双色镜,光电传感器能发射和接收信号光,双色镜能透过信号光以及反射激光；激光发射系统发射的激光依次经双色镜和光束调节系统反射至工件上；激光发射系统、光电传感器、光束调节系统和数控机械手臂均与计算机控制系统连接,计算机控制系统根据光电传感器传递的信号控制调整光束调节系统和数控机械手臂,使得激光发射系统发射的激光垂直入射至工件的表面。本发明能实现激光垂直入射于工件表面,提高曲面零件激光冲击的加工效果。(The invention provides a device and a method for laser shock processing of curved surface parts, wherein the device comprises the following steps: the system comprises a laser emitting system, a computer control system, a signal light emitting and receiving system, a light beam adjusting system and a numerical control mechanical arm; the signal light emitting and receiving system comprises a photoelectric sensor and a dichroic mirror, wherein the photoelectric sensor can emit and receive signal light, and the dichroic mirror can transmit the signal light and reflect laser; laser emitted by the laser emitting system is reflected to a workpiece through the dichroic mirror and the light beam adjusting system in sequence; the laser emission system, the photoelectric sensor, the light beam adjusting system and the numerical control mechanical arm are all connected with the computer control system, and the computer control system controls and adjusts the light beam adjusting system and the numerical control mechanical arm according to signals transmitted by the photoelectric sensor, so that laser emitted by the laser emission system is vertically incident to the surface of a workpiece. The invention can realize that laser is vertically incident on the surface of a workpiece and improve the processing effect of laser impact of curved surface parts.)

1. A device for laser shock machining of curved surface parts, comprising: the device comprises a laser emitting system (1), a computer control system (2), a signal light emitting and receiving system (3), a light beam adjusting system (5) and a numerical control mechanical arm (7);

the numerical control mechanical arm (7) is used for mounting a workpiece (6), the signal light emitting and receiving system (3) comprises a photoelectric sensor (301) and a dichroic mirror (302), the photoelectric sensor (301) can emit and receive signal light, and the dichroic mirror (302) can transmit the signal light emitted by the photoelectric sensor (301) and reflect laser light emitted by the laser emitting system (1);

the laser emitted by the laser emitting system (1) is reflected to a workpiece (6) through the dichroic mirror (302) and the light beam adjusting system (5) in sequence;

the laser emission system (1), the photoelectric sensor (301), the light beam adjusting system (5) and the numerical control mechanical arm (7) are all connected with the computer control system (2), and the computer control system (2) controls and adjusts the light beam adjusting system (5) and the numerical control mechanical arm (7) according to a signal transmitted by the photoelectric sensor (301), so that laser emitted by the laser emission system (1) is vertically incident to the surface of a workpiece (6).

2. The apparatus for laser shock machining of curved surface parts according to claim 1, wherein the angle between the dichroic mirror (302) and the light exit of the laser emission system (1) is 45 °.

3. The apparatus for laser shock machining of curved parts according to claim 1, characterized in that the beam adjustment system (5) comprises a rotatable focusing mirror.

4. The apparatus for laser shock machining of curved surface parts according to claim 1, further comprising a light pipe (4), wherein the light pipe (4) is disposed between the signal light emitting and receiving system (3) and the light beam adjusting system (5).

5. A method of using the apparatus for laser shock machining of curved surface parts of claim 1, the method comprising:

the method comprises the following steps: coating an energy absorption layer on a workpiece (6) and then installing the workpiece on the numerical control mechanical arm (7);

step two: the computer control system (1) determines an approximate processing path of laser impact and processing parameters according to the surface shape of the workpiece (6);

step three: the photoelectric sensor (301) emits signal light, the light beam adjusting system (5) is adjusted until the photoelectric sensor (301) stops adjusting the light beam adjusting system (5) when receiving a reflection signal of the signal light, and the computer control system (2) controls the laser emitting system (1) to emit pulse laser;

step four: the computer control system (1) controls the numerical control mechanical arm (7) to move the workpiece (6) according to the processing path determined in the step two;

step five: and repeating the third step and the fourth step until the processing is finished.

6. The method of the device for laser shock processing of curved surface parts according to claim 5, characterized in that the laser emitting system (1) emits light with a wavelength of 1064mm, a pulse width of 10-20 ns and a repetition frequency of 5-10 Hz.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of laser processing, in particular to a device and a method for laser shock processing of curved surface parts.

Background

The laser shock wave processing technology is a novel laser processing technology which utilizes the action of plasma shock waves generated by strong laser beams and the surface of metal so as to improve the fatigue resistance and the corrosion resistance of the metal material or enable the metal to generate plastic deformation. It has the outstanding advantages of non-contact, no heat affected zone, strong controllability, etc. In the laser shock processing process, if the laser is not vertically incident, namely the laser is obliquely impacted, the oblique incidence of the laser increases the reflection effect of the laser, so that the loss of laser energy is caused; in addition, the oblique incidence of the laser can also cause the area acted on the surface of the part to be increased, so that the power density of the laser acted on the metal surface is reduced; above all, if the inclination angle is too large, harmful tensile stress can be caused on the metal surface, and the machined part is scrapped. Therefore, the laser vertically acts on the processing area to maximize the utilization rate of energy and maximize the processing effect. However, in the laser impact processing of curved-surface plates, such as the correction of aircraft skins and the strengthening of curved-surface turbine blades, most of the existing processing methods cannot ensure the vertical incidence of laser, and an inclination angle is generated between a laser beam and a workpiece, so that the surface of the workpiece uncontrollably generates harmful residual tensile stress.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for laser shock processing of a curved surface part, which realize that laser is vertically incident on the surface of a workpiece and improve the laser shock processing effect of the curved surface part.

The present invention achieves the above-described object by the following technical means.

An apparatus for laser shock machining of curved surface parts, comprising: the system comprises a laser emitting system, a computer control system, a signal light emitting and receiving system, a light beam adjusting system and a numerical control mechanical arm;

the numerical control mechanical arm is used for mounting a workpiece, the signal light emitting and receiving system comprises a photoelectric sensor and a dichroic mirror, the photoelectric sensor can emit and receive signal light, and the dichroic mirror can transmit the signal light emitted by the photoelectric sensor and reflect laser emitted by the laser emitting system;

the laser emitted by the laser emitting system is reflected to a workpiece through the dichroic mirror and the light beam adjusting system in sequence;

the laser emission system, the photoelectric sensor, the light beam adjusting system and the numerical control mechanical arm are all connected with the computer control system, and the computer control system controls and adjusts the light beam adjusting system and the numerical control mechanical arm according to signals transmitted by the photoelectric sensor, so that laser emitted by the laser emission system vertically enters the surface of a workpiece.

Further, an included angle between the dichroic mirror and a light outlet of the laser emission system is 45 °.

Further, the beam conditioning system includes a rotatable focusing mirror.

Further, still include the light pipe, the light pipe sets up in between signal light emission receiving system and the light beam governing system.

A method of an apparatus for laser shock machining of a curved surface part, using the apparatus for laser shock machining of a curved surface part described above, the method comprising:

the method comprises the following steps: coating an energy absorption layer on a workpiece and then installing the workpiece on the numerical control mechanical arm;

step two: the computer control system determines an approximate processing path and processing parameters of the laser impact according to the surface shape of the workpiece;

step three: the photoelectric sensor emits signal light, the light beam adjusting system is adjusted until the photoelectric sensor receives a reflection signal of the signal light, the light beam adjusting system is stopped being adjusted, and the computer control system controls the laser emitting system to emit pulse laser;

step four: the computer control system controls the numerical control mechanical arm to move the workpiece according to the processing path determined in the step two;

step five: and repeating the third step and the fourth step until the processing is finished.

Furthermore, the wavelength emitted by the laser emission system is 1064mm, the pulse width is 10 ns-20 ns, and the repetition frequency is 5 Hz-10 Hz.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, whether the laser incidence direction is vertical to the curved surface workpiece is judged by the signal light in the laser impact processing process, and the computer control system adjusts the laser incidence direction by controlling the linkage of the rotatable focusing reflector and the numerical control mechanical arm according to the reflection signal of the signal light so as to realize the laser vertical incidence, thereby achieving the purposes of saving energy, accurately processing and avoiding the introduction of harmful tensile stress due to the laser oblique incidence.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for laser shock machining of curved surface parts according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a main block diagram of the signal light emitting and receiving system of fig. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of laser shock shape correction of a cylindrical surface curved workpiece according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of laser shock peening of a turbine blade in an embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals:

1. a laser emitting system; 2. a computer control system; 3. a signal light emitting and receiving system; 301. a photosensor; 302. a dichroic mirror; 4. a light pipe; 5 a beam conditioning system; 6. a workpiece; 7. and (5) a numerical control mechanical arm.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

First, an apparatus for laser shock processing of a curved surface part according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an apparatus for laser shock processing of a curved surface part according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a laser emitting system 1, a computer control system 2, a signal light emitting and receiving system 3, a light guide 4, a light beam adjusting system 5, and a numerically controlled robot arm 7.

Specifically, the numerical control mechanical arm 7 is used for mounting the workpiece 6, the signal light emitting and receiving system 3 includes a photoelectric sensor 301 and a dichroic mirror 302, the photoelectric sensor 301 can emit and receive signal light, the dichroic mirror 302 can transmit the signal light emitted by the photoelectric sensor 301 and reflect the laser light emitted by the laser emitting system 1, and an included angle between the dichroic mirror 302 and a light outlet of the laser emitting system 1 is 45 ° so as to change a transmission path of the laser light.

The laser emitted by the laser emission system 1 is reflected to the workpiece 6 through the dichroic mirror 302 and the light beam adjusting system 5 in sequence, and the transmission direction of the signal light emitted by the photoelectric sensor 301 after passing through the dichroic mirror 302 should be consistent with the transmission direction of the laser emitted by the laser emission system 1. The light beam adjusting system 5 mainly comprises a rotatable focusing reflector, can adjust the transmission direction of laser and signal light by rotating the focusing reflector, ensures the coaxial transmission of the laser and the signal light, and adjusts the size of laser spots by adjusting the distance between a workpiece 6 and the focusing reflector.

The laser emission system 1, the photoelectric sensor 301, the light beam adjusting system 5 and the numerical control mechanical arm 7 are all connected with the computer control system 2, and the computer control system 2 controls and adjusts the light beam adjusting system 5 and the numerical control mechanical arm 7 according to signals transmitted by the photoelectric sensor 301, so that laser emitted by the laser emission system 1 is vertically incident to the surface of a workpiece 6. The clamp used by the robot arm 7 in this embodiment can be flexibly adjusted according to the workpiece to be machined.

A method of an apparatus for laser shock machining of a curved surface part, using the apparatus for laser shock machining of a curved surface part, the method comprising:

the method comprises the following steps: coating an energy absorption layer on a workpiece 6 and then installing the workpiece on the numerical control mechanical arm 7;

step two: the computer control system 1 determines the rough processing path of laser impact and processing parameters according to the surface shape of the workpiece 6;

step three: the photoelectric sensor 301 emits signal light, the light beam adjusting system 5 is adjusted until the photoelectric sensor 301 receives a reflection signal of the signal light, the light beam adjusting system 5 is stopped being adjusted, and the computer control system 2 controls the laser emitting system 1 to emit pulse laser;

step four: the computer control system 1 controls the numerical control mechanical arm 7 to move the workpiece 6 according to the processing path determined in the step two;

step five: and repeating the third step and the fourth step until the processing is finished.