阅读说明：本技术 一种电弧增材与激光冲击强化复合制造装置及方法 (Electric arc additive and laser shock peening composite manufacturing device and method ) 是由 郭伟 李钢 郭超 李博 车志刚 李卫东 孙汝剑 于 2020-04-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种电弧增材与激光冲击强化复合制造装置及方法,包括：夹持装置、电弧增材制造装置、激光冲击强化装置、铣削装置、约束层铺设装置、温控系统及控制系统；所述控制系统分别与所述电弧增材制造装置、激光冲击强化装置、铣削装置、约束层铺设装置及温控系统控制连接。本发明将电弧增材制造装置和激光冲击强化装置相结合,结构设计合理,操作简单,适用性强；可有效消除了电弧增材过程中由于不均匀的温度场以及成型后的冷却收缩作用导致的不均匀残余拉应力,细化增材构件的粗大柱状晶组织,进一步有效改善增材制造构件的微观组织和力学性能。(The invention discloses an electric arc additive and laser shock strengthening composite manufacturing device and method, which comprises the following steps: the device comprises a clamping device, an electric arc additive manufacturing device, a laser shock strengthening device, a milling device, a constraint layer laying device, a temperature control system and a control system; and the control system is respectively in control connection with the electric arc additive manufacturing device, the laser shock strengthening device, the milling device, the constraint layer laying device and the temperature control system. The electric arc additive manufacturing device and the laser shock peening device are combined, so that the electric arc additive manufacturing device is reasonable in structural design, simple to operate and high in applicability; the uneven residual tensile stress caused by uneven temperature field and cooling shrinkage after forming in the electric arc additive manufacturing process can be effectively eliminated, the coarse columnar crystal structure of the additive component is refined, and the microstructure and the mechanical property of the additive manufacturing component are further effectively improved.)

1. An electric arc additive and laser shock peening composite manufacturing device is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a clamping device, an electric arc additive manufacturing device, a laser shock strengthening device, a milling device, a constraint layer laying device, a temperature control system and a control system;

the control system is respectively in control connection with the electric arc additive manufacturing device, the laser shock strengthening device, the milling device, the constraint layer laying device and the temperature control system;

the clamping device includes: a clamp and a workbench; the substrate is fixed on the workbench through a clamp, and insulating gaskets are arranged between the substrate and the workbench and between the substrate and the clamp;

the electric arc additive manufacturing device is positioned on one side above the workbench; the laser shock peening device is positioned on the other side above the workbench;

the milling device is located between the arc additive manufacturing device and the workbench;

the constrained layer laying device is positioned on one side of the workbench and synchronously moves with the workbench;

depositing metal by the arc additive manufacturing device to form an arc deposition layer on the substrate; the temperature control system monitors the temperature of the arc deposition layer; and when the monitoring temperature is lower than a preset threshold value, the control system drives the temperature control system to heat the substrate so as to ensure that the arc deposition layer reaches the annealing temperature.

2. The arc additive and laser shock peening apparatus of claim 1, wherein the temperature control system comprises: the infrared sensor, the first hydraulic cylinder and the direct current pulse power supply are respectively connected with the control system;

the infrared sensor is positioned on the first hydraulic cylinder; and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current pulse power supply are connected with the left electrode and the right electrode of the substrate through leads.

3. The arc additive and laser shock peening composite manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the arc additive manufacturing apparatus comprises: the welding gun, the wire feeding mechanism, the contact tip, the welding power supply and the welding wire heating power supply;

the control system is in control connection with the wire feeding mechanism and controls the wire feeding speed;

one end of the welding wire heating power supply is connected with the contact tip, and the other end of the welding wire heating power supply is connected with the base plate.

4. The electric arc additive and laser shock peening composite manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein the milling device is: and the milling cutter is in control connection with the control system.

5. The electric arc additive and laser shock peening apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said constraining layer laying apparatus comprises: the second hydraulic cylinder, the guide rail sliding block and the constraint layer;

the constraint layer is arranged on the second hydraulic cylinder through a guide rail sliding block; and the second hydraulic cylinder is connected with the control system, and the restraint layer and the arc deposition layer synchronously move in the vertical direction under the driving of the control system.

6. The arc additive and laser shock peening apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein an absorbing layer is further provided in a vertical direction of the arc deposition layer to move synchronously.

7. The arc additive and laser shock peening composite manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control system is a PLC or an industrial personal computer.

8. An electric arc additive and laser shock peening composite manufacturing method, characterized in that the electric arc additive and laser shock peening composite manufacturing device according to any one of claims 1-7 is used, and the method comprises the following steps:

s10, fixing the substrate to be subjected to additive manufacturing on a workbench, and setting process parameters of an electric arc additive manufacturing device and process parameters of a laser shock peening device according to the size and performance requirements of the substrate requiring electric arc additive and laser shock peening;

s20, controlling the laser shock strengthening of the formed piece while the electric arc additive manufacturing is carried out;

s30, each time one layer of arc deposition is finished, the temperature control system obtains the temperature of the arc deposition layer, and when the temperature is lower than a preset threshold value, the temperature control system is driven to heat the substrate so as to ensure that the arc deposition layer reaches the annealing temperature;

s40, controlling the milling device to mill the surface every time when the preset number of layers of arc deposition is finished;

s50, performing laser shock peening on the arc additive component according to the process parameters of the laser shock peening device;

and S60, repeating the steps S20 to S50, and depositing and strengthening layer by layer to obtain the preset workpiece shape.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the process parameters of the arc additive manufacturing apparatus in step S10 include wire diameter 0.8-3.2mm, current 90-120A, and scanning speed 50-200 mm/S.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the laser shock peening apparatus in step S10 has the following process parameters: the laser single pulse energy is 15-30J, the spot diameter is 2-6mm, the pulse width is 15ns, the transverse and longitudinal overlapping rate is 50%, and the laser wavelength is 1064 nm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing and laser shock peening, in particular to an electric arc additive and laser shock peening composite manufacturing device and method.

Background

In recent years, the electric arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is an advanced digital manufacturing technology which melts metal wires by using electric arcs as heat sources, adopts a layer-by-layer cladding principle under the control of a program, and gradually forms a three-dimensional digital model from a line-surface-body. The WAAM manufacturing method has the advantages of short manufacturing period, high automation level, low technical cost, high production efficiency, less limitation on the size of parts, simple and easy operation of equipment, and capability of realizing digital, intelligent and flexible manufacturing. In addition, the WAAM formed part is composed of all-welded seam metal, has high compactness and good mechanical property, and becomes the main development direction of the future of the equipment manufacturing industry. However, the existing arc additive manufacturing technology still has many problems, for example, in the WAAM process, due to the excessively high temperature gradient and cooling speed, an irregular columnar crystal structure is easily formed, and meanwhile, a residual tensile stress is generated inside the material, which affects the mechanical properties of the additive component.

Laser Shock Peening (LSP) is used as a novel surface modification technology, wherein a Laser beam with high power density (GW-cm-2 magnitude) and short pulse width (ns magnitude) is mainly used for irradiating the surface of a material, so that an absorption layer absorbs Laser energy to generate explosive gasification and form high-temperature and high-pressure plasma, and the plasma is limited by a restraint layer to form high-pressure shock waves which act on the surface of a metal and propagate to the inside. Because the pressure of the shock wave is up to several megapascals, the peak stress is far greater than the dynamic yield strength of the material, so that the material generates a uniform and dense dislocation structure. Meanwhile, beneficial residual compressive stress is generated in a forming area, and harmful tensile stress of a workpiece formed by machining can be effectively offset, so that the strength, the wear resistance, the corrosion resistance and the fatigue life of the metal component are improved.

However, how to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of the additive manufacturing structure in the WAAM process is a problem to be solved urgently.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides an electric arc additive and laser shock strengthening composite manufacturing device and method, and the device has the advantages of compact structure, reasonable design, simple operation and strong applicability; uneven residual tensile stress caused by uneven temperature field and cooling shrinkage after molding in the additive process can be eliminated, the thick columnar crystal structure of the additive member is refined, and the microstructure and the mechanical property of the additive manufacturing member are further effectively improved.

In order to achieve the above object, on one hand, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an electric arc additive and laser shock peening composite manufacturing device comprises: the device comprises a clamping device, an electric arc additive manufacturing device, a laser shock strengthening device, a milling device, a constraint layer laying device, a temperature control system and a control system;

the control system is respectively in control connection with the electric arc additive manufacturing device, the laser shock strengthening device, the milling device, the constraint layer laying device and the temperature control system;

the clamping device includes: a clamp and a workbench; the substrate is fixed on the workbench through a clamp, and insulating gaskets are arranged between the substrate and the workbench and between the substrate and the clamp;

the electric arc additive manufacturing device is positioned on one side above the workbench; the laser shock peening device is positioned on the other side above the workbench;

the milling device is located between the arc additive manufacturing device and the workbench;

the constrained layer laying device is positioned on one side of the workbench and synchronously moves with the workbench;

depositing metal by the arc additive manufacturing device to form an arc deposition layer on the substrate; the temperature control system monitors the temperature of the arc deposition layer; and when the monitoring temperature is lower than a preset threshold value, the control system drives the temperature control system to heat the substrate so as to ensure that the arc deposition layer reaches the annealing temperature.

Further, the temperature control system includes: the infrared sensor, the first hydraulic cylinder and the direct current pulse power supply are respectively connected with the control system;

the infrared sensor is positioned on the first hydraulic cylinder; and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current pulse power supply are connected with the left electrode and the right electrode of the substrate through leads.

Further, the arc additive manufacturing apparatus includes: the welding gun, the wire feeding mechanism, the contact tip, the welding power supply and the welding wire heating power supply;

the control system is in control connection with the wire feeding mechanism and controls the wire feeding speed;

one end of the welding wire heating power supply is connected with the contact tip, and the other end of the welding wire heating power supply is connected with the base plate.

Further, the milling device is: and the milling cutter is in control connection with the control system.

Further, the constrained layer laying device comprises: the second hydraulic cylinder, the guide rail sliding block and the constraint layer;

the constraint layer is arranged on the second hydraulic cylinder through a guide rail sliding block; and the second hydraulic cylinder is connected with the control system, and the restraint layer and the arc deposition layer synchronously move in the vertical direction under the driving of the control system.

Furthermore, an absorbing layer which moves synchronously is arranged in the vertical direction of the arc deposition layer.

Further, the control system is a PLC or an industrial personal computer.

On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an arc additive and laser shock peening composite manufacturing method, using the arc additive and laser shock peening composite manufacturing apparatus according to any one of the above embodiments, including:

s10, fixing the substrate to be subjected to additive manufacturing on a workbench, and setting process parameters of an electric arc additive manufacturing device and process parameters of a laser shock peening device according to the size and performance requirements of the substrate requiring electric arc additive and laser shock peening;

s20, controlling the laser shock strengthening of the formed piece while the electric arc additive manufacturing is carried out;

s30, each time one layer of arc deposition is finished, the temperature control system obtains the temperature of the arc deposition layer, and when the temperature is lower than a preset threshold value, the temperature control system is driven to heat the substrate so as to ensure that the arc deposition layer reaches the annealing temperature;

s40, controlling the milling device to mill the surface every time when the preset number of layers of arc deposition is finished;

s50, performing laser shock peening on the arc additive component according to the process parameters of the laser shock peening device;

and S60, repeating the steps S20 to S50, and depositing and strengthening layer by layer to obtain the preset workpiece shape.

Further, the process parameters of the arc additive manufacturing device in the step S10 comprise the diameter of the welding wire being 0.8-3.2mm, the current being 90-120A and the scanning speed being 50-200 mm/S.

Further, the process parameters of the laser shock peening apparatus described in step S10 are as follows: the laser single pulse energy is 15-30J, the spot diameter is 2-6mm, the pulse width is 15ns, the transverse and longitudinal overlapping rate is 50%, and the laser wavelength is 1064 nm.

The invention has the advantages that:

1. the electric arc additive manufacturing device and the laser shock strengthening device are combined, so that the structure is compact, the design is reasonable, the operation is simple, and the applicability is strong.

2. According to the device for composite manufacturing of the arc additive and the laser shock strengthening, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the temperature control system adopts the infrared sensor to monitor the temperature of the additive component in real time, and the direct-current pulse power supply is used for heating the additive component, so that the additive component is prevented from being cooled to generate an overlarge temperature gradient.

3. According to the device for the composite manufacturing of the arc additive and the laser shock strengthening, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention, the temperature gradient in the additive process is reduced by preheating the welding wire in a hot wire arc additive manufacturing mode.

4. Compared with other surface modification technologies, the device for the composite manufacturing of the arc additive and the laser shock reinforcement, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention, is used for performing the laser shock reinforcement in the arc additive process, and has the advantages of high power density and high accessibility of the laser shock reinforcement, and can generate a deeper residual stress influence layer.

5. Uneven residual tensile stress caused by uneven temperature field and cooling shrinkage after forming in the electric arc additive manufacturing process is effectively eliminated, the coarse columnar crystal structure of the additive component is refined, and the microstructure and the mechanical property of the additive manufacturing component are further effectively improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of an arc additive and laser shock peening composite manufacturing apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a composite manufacturing method of arc additive and laser shock peening according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid manufacturing method of arc additive and laser shock peening according to an embodiment of the present invention;

in the drawings:

1. a first clamp; 2. a second hydraulic cylinder; 3. a guide rail slider; 4. a constraining layer; 5. a first insulating pad; 6. a substrate; 7. a work table; 8. a wire; 9. a direct current pulse power supply; 10. a water spray module; 11. a laser transmitter; 12. a mirror; 13. a focusing lens; 14. a first hydraulic cylinder; 15. an infrared sensor; 16. a welding gun; 17. a contact tip; 18. a wire feeder; 19. a welding wire heating power supply; 20. a welding power supply; 21. milling cutters; 22. a second clamp; 23. a second insulating spacer; 24. a clip-shaped water tank.

Detailed Description

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.