阅读说明：本技术 一种电弧-激光复合增材制造方法 (Electric arc-laser composite additive manufacturing method ) 是由 张帅锋 卢晓阳 蒋鹏 于冰冰 于 2019-11-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种电弧-激光复合增材制造方法,包括以下步骤：将待加工金属零件的表面进行机械打磨、清洗去除油污、干燥,并测量好尺寸后置于工作台上用夹具固定好,备用；建立待加工金属零件的三维模型,获得三维模型文件,对该文件进行切片处理,获得电弧增材的加工路径,并设定电弧增材的工艺参数,在惰性气体环境下对待加工零件采用电弧熔丝进行逐层沉积；根据加工金属零件的材质和待打印层的有效壁厚,通过对温度场的模拟,选用相应的激光扫描轨迹、扫描功率和扫描速度,对打印的熔覆层进行激光热处理；本发明的方法可改善成形件中的粗大柱状晶,减少马氏体组织以及位错,显著降低增材制造的各向异性,有效控制成形精度。(An arc-laser composite additive manufacturing method comprising the steps of: mechanically polishing the surface of a metal part to be processed, cleaning to remove oil stain, drying, measuring the size, and then placing on a workbench and fixing by using a clamp for later use; establishing a three-dimensional model of a metal part to be processed, obtaining a three-dimensional model file, carrying out slicing processing on the file to obtain a processing path of arc additive, setting process parameters of the arc additive, and carrying out layer-by-layer deposition on the part to be processed by adopting an arc fuse in an inert gas environment; according to the material of the processed metal part and the effective wall thickness of the layer to be printed, selecting a corresponding laser scanning track, scanning power and scanning speed through the simulation of a temperature field, and carrying out laser heat treatment on the printed cladding layer; the method can improve coarse columnar crystals in a formed part, reduce martensite structures and dislocation, obviously reduce the anisotropy of additive manufacturing, and effectively control the forming precision.)

1. An arc-laser composite additive manufacturing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) cleaning: mechanically polishing the surface of a metal part to be processed, respectively ultrasonically cleaning the surface of the metal part to be processed by acetone and alcohol solvent to remove oil stains, drying the metal part for later use, measuring the size of the cleaned metal part to be processed, placing the metal part on a workbench, and fixing the metal part by using a clamp for later use;

(2) electric arc additive manufacturing: establishing a three-dimensional model of a metal part to be processed, obtaining a three-dimensional model file, carrying out slicing processing on the file to obtain a processing path of arc additive, setting process parameters of the arc additive, and carrying out layer-by-layer deposition on the part to be processed by adopting an arc fuse in an inert gas environment;

(3) laser heat treatment: according to the material of a processed metal part and the effective wall thickness of a layer to be printed, through the simulation of a temperature field, a corresponding laser scanning track, scanning power and scanning speed are selected, laser heat treatment is carried out on a printed cladding layer, the internal stress and anisotropy of a forming structure are reduced, coarse grains and martensite are improved, deformation is controlled, and forming precision is improved, and the specific method comprises the following steps:

when 1 or more layers are printed out in the electric arc additive manufacturing process, carrying out laser scanning heat treatment on the newly printed and formed 1 or more layers in the layer and between adjacent layers until the part is manufactured and formed;

and finally carrying out laser scanning on the surface of the finally printed 1 or multiple layers of parts in the thickness range, improving the tissue form of the surface of the last 1 or multiple layers of parts, and eliminating or reducing the stress in each layer and between adjacent layers in the thickness of the formed parts, thereby finishing the manufacture of the formed parts.

2. The arc-laser composite additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the metal part to be processed is any one of a titanium alloy, steel, and an aluminum alloy.

3. The arc-laser composite additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the wire feeding speed in the step (2) is 5.5-8m/min, the forming speed is 0.3-0.5m/min, and the protective gas flow rate is 15-20L/min.

4. The arc-laser composite additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the laser power in the step (3) is 0.5-1.0kw, and the laser scanning speed is 0.3-0.8 m/min.

5. The arc-laser composite additive manufacturing method according to claim 2, wherein the metal part to be processed is a titanium alloy, the mechanical property of the formed titanium alloy workpiece is higher than that of a same-grade forged piece, and the anisotropy is less than or equal to 2%.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of additive manufacturing, in particular to an arc-laser composite additive manufacturing method.

Background

The metal part additive manufacturing technology is developed on the basis of the rapid prototype manufacturing technology in the end of the 90 s of the 20 th century, and is an advanced manufacturing technology for directly preparing fully-compact metal parts. The method combines a rapid prototype manufacturing technology, a high-power heat source melting and deposition technology and an advanced material preparation technology, adopts the additive manufacturing idea of digital discrete/stacking forming, and deposits metal powder or wire materials synchronously conveyed by melting and deposition of a high-power heat source layer by layer on a deposition substrate, thereby realizing the near-net-shape manufacturing of high-performance fully-compact metal parts with complex shapes, fine tissues and uniform components. The metal material prepared by the metal part additive manufacturing technology comprises high-temperature alloy, titanium alloy, austenitic stainless steel, low alloy steel, ultrahigh-strength steel and the like, the titanium alloy has the advantages of good corrosion resistance, sound permeability, high specific strength and the like, is called as marine alloy, and along with the rapid development of marine equipment, the application requirements of the titanium alloy in the fields of ships, marine engineering equipment and the like are more and more large. A large number of titanium alloy complex structural members are adopted in large-scale equipment such as ship structures, deep submergence vehicles and the like, and if a traditional processing method is adopted, the material utilization rate is low, the construction period is long, the cost is high, and part of complex structural members cannot be manufactured. The electric arc-laser composite additive manufacturing is taken as a rapid manufacturing method, and is expected to provide a technical approach for rapid manufacturing of large complex titanium alloy components of ships and ocean engineering equipment.

At present, the existing composite additive manufacturing method is mainly heat source mode compounding, for example, a composite heat source of electric arc and laser is used as a heat source for melting wire materials, and the wire materials are stacked layer by layer, so that although the efficiency is improved, the defects of coarse grains, large internal stress and the like still exist; the additive method of the composite manufacturing of surface cleaning and electric arc additive is still the electric arc additive in the forming process, only a cleaning method of the welding wire surface is added, and the forming process is not changed; the laser-induced arc additive manufacturing method is characterized in that laser and an arc heat source are compounded to form a compound heat source melting wire for additive manufacturing, and the forming structure and the stress distribution are not improved. In order to overcome the defects of the method, the application provides an arc-laser composite additive manufacturing method.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem, and provides an arc-laser composite additive manufacturing method, which is used for additive manufacturing through an arc fuse, adjusts the temperature distribution rule of a formed part through laser-following heat treatment annealing, improves coarse columnar crystals in the formed part, reduces martensite structures and dislocation, obviously reduces the anisotropy of additive manufacturing, and effectively controls the forming precision.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the defects of the technical problems is as follows:

an arc-laser composite additive manufacturing method comprising the steps of:

(1) cleaning: mechanically polishing the surface of a metal part to be processed, respectively ultrasonically cleaning the surface of the metal part to be processed by acetone and alcohol solvent to remove oil stains, drying the metal part for later use, measuring the size of the cleaned metal part to be processed, placing the metal part on a workbench, and fixing the metal part by using a clamp for later use;

(2) electric arc additive manufacturing: establishing a three-dimensional model of a metal part to be processed, obtaining a three-dimensional model file, carrying out slicing processing on the file to obtain a processing path of arc additive, setting process parameters of the arc additive, and carrying out layer-by-layer deposition on the part to be processed by adopting an arc fuse in an inert gas environment;

(3) laser heat treatment: according to the material of a processed metal part and the effective wall thickness of a layer to be printed, through the simulation of a temperature field, a corresponding laser scanning track, scanning power and scanning speed are selected, laser heat treatment is carried out on a printed cladding layer, the internal stress and anisotropy of a forming structure are reduced, coarse grains and martensite are improved, deformation is controlled, and forming precision is improved, and the specific method comprises the following steps:

when 1 or more layers are printed out in the electric arc additive manufacturing process, carrying out laser scanning heat treatment on the newly printed and formed 1 or more layers in the layer and between adjacent layers until the part is manufactured and formed;

and finally carrying out laser scanning on the surface of the finally printed 1 or multiple layers of parts in the thickness range, improving the tissue form of the surface of the last 1 or multiple layers of parts, and eliminating or reducing the stress in each layer and between adjacent layers in the thickness of the formed parts, thereby finishing the manufacture of the formed parts.

Further, the metal part to be processed is any one of titanium alloy, steel and aluminum alloy.

Further, the wire feeding speed in the step (2) is 5.5-8m/min, the forming speed is 0.3-0.5m/min, and the protective gas flow is 15-20L/min.

Further, the laser power in the step (3) is 0.5-1.0kw, and the laser scanning speed is 0.3-0.8 m/min.

Furthermore, the metal part to be processed is titanium alloy, the mechanical property of the formed titanium alloy workpiece is higher than that of a forging piece of the same grade, and the anisotropy is less than or equal to 2%.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the electric arc-laser composite material increase preparation method is a novel composite material increase manufacturing technology which combines a CMT-based efficient electric arc material increase manufacturing technology and a laser processing technology, and can achieve the following purposes by performing laser-following annealing on a component accumulation layer while increasing the material of an electric arc fuse wire:

(1) the temperature distribution rule of the formed part can be adjusted, so that a large amount of internal stress generated in the rapid cooling process is reduced, and the forming precision is effectively controlled;

(2) the method has the advantages that the arc fuse is selected for additive manufacturing, the laser-following heat treatment can improve coarse columnar crystals in a formed part, reduce martensite structures, reduce dislocation in the structures, obviously reduce anisotropy of additive manufacturing, further improve dimensional accuracy and structure performance of additive manufacturing parts, and provide technical support for engineering application of large-scale part arc additive manufacturing;

(3) by scanning the surface of the 1-layer or multilayer structure printed at a time with a laser, the surface roughness of the formed article can be improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a titanium alloy macrostructure manufactured by arc-laser composite additive manufacturing.

Detailed Description

The following specific examples are given to further clarify, complete and detailed the technical solution of the present invention. The present embodiment is a preferred embodiment based on the technical solution of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.