阅读说明：本技术 高密封性铝合金矩形腔体等离子弧-激光复合焊接方法 (Plasma arc-laser hybrid welding method for high-sealing aluminum alloy rectangular cavity ) 是由 谯永鹏 吴东江 牛方勇 马广义 于 2019-12-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公布了一种高密封性铝合金厚板矩形腔体等离子弧-激光复合焊接方法。高密封性铝合金厚板矩形腔体的长度、高度及宽度尺寸均≥350mm,腔体用铝合金拉伸板材料为AL6061-T6,板厚20mm-25mm,各相邻板按照T型或L型板间定位方式拼接,焊丝材料为4043,焊丝直径<Image he="57" wi="231" file="DDA0002310058260000011.GIF" imgContent="drawing" imgFormat="GIF" orientation="portrait" inline="no"></Image>要求焊缝高度及宽度均大于5mm,焊缝质量满足GB\12469-1990,腔室极限真空度达到1Pa。极大提高了材料利用率及加工效率,降低了材料及周期成本。利用复合焊接技术,相比单一激光焊及等离子焊接等方式,有效提高焊接质量。(The invention discloses a plasma arc-laser hybrid welding method for a rectangular cavity of a high-sealing aluminum alloy thick plate. The length, height and width of the rectangular cavity of the high-sealing aluminum alloy thick plate are more than or equal to 350mm, the aluminum alloy drawing plate material for the cavity is AL6061-T6, the plate thickness is 20mm-25mm, all adjacent plates are spliced according to a positioning mode between T-shaped plates or L-shaped plates, the welding wire material is 4043, and the diameter of the welding wire is equal to or larger than the diameter of the welding wire The height and the width of the welding line are both required to be larger than 5mm, the welding line quality meets GB \ 12469-. Greatly improves the material utilization rate and the processing efficiency, and reduces the material and period cost. By utilizing the composite welding technology, compared with the single laser welding, plasma welding and other modes, the welding quality is effectively improved.)

1. A plasma arc-laser hybrid welding method for a high-sealing aluminum alloy rectangular cavity is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

firstly, a first plate, a third plate, a fourth plate, a fifth plate and a sixth plate are clamped and assembled into a rectangular cavity, the second plate is kept not assembled temporarily, a notch on one surface of the cavity, which is not provided with the second plate, is placed upwards and horizontally, four welding seams on the inner sides of the lap joint of the first plate and the third plate, the fourth plate, the fifth plate and the sixth plate are in a horizontal state, a welding gun is stretched into the notch of the cavity of the second plate, and four welding seams on the inner sides of the lap joint of the first plate and the third plate, the fourth plate, the fifth plate and the sixth plate are welded by using optimized welding process parameters;

secondly, keeping the posture of the cavity unchanged, covering a second plate, and welding two welding seams at the outer sides of the second plate, the fifth plate and the sixth plate in a lap joint mode by using optimized welding process parameters;

thirdly, inverting the cavity, placing the second plate at the bottom, enabling the side surface of the rectangular annular gap on the first plate to face upwards, enabling four welding seams on the inner side of the second plate, which are overlapped with the third plate, the fourth plate, the fifth plate and the sixth plate to be in a horizontal state, extending into a welding gun from the rectangular annular gap of the first plate, and welding the four welding seams on the inner side of the second plate, which are overlapped with the third plate, the fourth plate, the fifth plate and the sixth plate by using optimized welding process parameters;

fourthly, adjusting the cavity to the posture that the sixth plate is arranged at the bottom, extending a welding gun from the rectangular annular notch of the first plate, and welding two welding seams in the cavity, which is overlapped by the sixth plate, the third plate and the fourth plate, by using optimized welding process parameters;

fifthly, adjusting the cavity to the posture that the fifth plate is arranged at the bottom, extending a welding gun from the rectangular annular notch on the first plate, and welding two welding seams in the cavity formed by overlapping the fifth plate with the third plate and the fourth plate and one welding seam on the outer side of the cavity formed by overlapping the first plate with the sixth plate by using optimized welding process parameters;

sixthly, adjusting the cavity to the posture that the sixth plate is placed at the bottom, and welding a welding seam on the outer side of the cavity, which is formed by lapping the first plate and the fifth plate, by using optimized welding process parameters;

seventhly, adjusting the cavity to the posture that the third plate is arranged at the bottom, and welding four cavity outer side welding seams formed by overlapping the fourth plate with the first plate, the second plate, the fifth plate and the sixth plate by using optimized welding process parameters;

and step eight, adjusting the cavity to the posture that the fourth plate is arranged at the bottom, and welding four cavity outer side welding seams formed by overlapping the third plate with the first plate, the second plate, the fifth plate and the sixth plate by using optimized welding process parameters.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the optimized welding process parameters are as follows:

(1) arcing current: 270-300A;

(2) welding current A: 210-240A;

(3) arc extinguishing current: 190-200A;

(4) welding voltage: 18-20V;

(5) welding speed: 40-45 cm/min;

(6) the extension length of the welding wire from the welding gun is as follows: 13-15 mm;

(7) arc extinguishing delay time: 0.4-0.6 second;

(8) laser power P: satisfies the condition that P + A is 350;

(9) laser beam position: 2 mm-5 mm in front of the plasma arc;

(10) included angle between laser beam and welding gun: 55 to 45 degrees.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein: all welding seams are in horizontal positions for welding, a left welding method is adopted, and an included angle between a welding gun and a welded section of the welding seam which is welded at present is 14-25 degrees.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to advanced forming and process technology in the technical field of advanced manufacturing, and relates to a plasma arc-laser composite welding method for a high-sealing aluminum alloy rectangular cavity.

Background

The aluminum alloy has the advantages of light weight, corrosion resistance, high strength, easy forming, no low-temperature brittleness and the like, and has increasingly wide application in the fields of aerospace, high-speed rail, automobiles, electronic information and the like. In these application fields, the aluminum alloy rectangular cavity with high sealing performance is an important and typical engineering structure, such as CM welding loading cavity in IC equipment, aluminum alloy cavity for medical use, ultrahigh vacuum system cavity for surface analysis, and cavity for vacuum coating. These structures generally require high sealing, strength and machining accuracy, and currently alternative machining methods include integral machining and weld forming. The integral machining method is to reduce the material of the whole aluminum alloy casting and the forging by utilizing a mechanical cutting method to realize the manufacture of the cavity, the method has complex process, the casting and the forging which are suitable for the size of the product need to be provided firstly, the machining period is long, the material utilization rate is extremely low, and the method is not suitable for the large-scale low-cost manufacture of the cavity structure. The welding forming rule is that standard aluminum alloy plates are machined to required sizes, and then the plates are welded together by a welding method to form a cavity. The conventional aluminum alloy welding method includes arc welding, laser welding, gas welding, flame welding, plasma welding, hybrid welding, or the like. For an aluminum alloy sheet material having a thickness of 20mm or more as in the present application, the energy density of gas welding, flame welding, or the like is too small to be suitable for welding a thick sheet.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a plasma arc-laser hybrid welding method for a high-sealing aluminum alloy rectangular cavity, which realizes the welding of a high-precision, low-deformation and good-sealing aluminum alloy thick plate rectangular cavity by reasonably designing a welding sequence and setting welding process parameters.

The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a plasma arc-laser hybrid welding method for a high-sealing aluminum alloy rectangular cavity is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

firstly, a first plate, a third plate, a fourth plate, a fifth plate and a sixth plate are clamped and assembled into a rectangular cavity, the second plate is kept not assembled temporarily, a notch on one surface of the cavity, which is not provided with the second plate, is placed upwards and horizontally, four welding seams on the inner sides of the lap joint of the first plate and the third plate, the fourth plate, the fifth plate and the sixth plate are in a horizontal state, a welding gun is stretched into the notch of the cavity of the second plate, and four welding seams on the inner sides of the lap joint of the first plate and the third plate, the fourth plate, the fifth plate and the sixth plate are welded by using optimized welding process parameters;

secondly, keeping the posture of the cavity unchanged, covering a second plate, and welding two welding seams at the outer sides of the second plate, the fifth plate and the sixth plate in a lap joint mode by using optimized welding process parameters;

thirdly, inverting the cavity, placing the second plate at the bottom, enabling the side surface of the rectangular annular gap on the first plate to face upwards, enabling four welding seams on the inner side of the second plate, which are overlapped with the third plate, the fourth plate, the fifth plate and the sixth plate to be in a horizontal state, extending into a welding gun from the rectangular annular gap of the first plate, and welding the four welding seams on the inner side of the second plate, which are overlapped with the third plate, the fourth plate, the fifth plate and the sixth plate by using optimized welding process parameters;

fourthly, adjusting the cavity to the posture that the sixth plate is arranged at the bottom, extending a welding gun from the rectangular annular notch of the first plate, and welding two welding seams in the cavity, which is overlapped by the sixth plate, the third plate and the fourth plate, by using optimized welding process parameters;

fifthly, adjusting the cavity to the posture that the fifth plate is arranged at the bottom, extending a welding gun from the rectangular annular notch on the first plate, and welding two welding seams in the cavity formed by overlapping the fifth plate with the third plate and the fourth plate and one welding seam on the outer side of the cavity formed by overlapping the first plate with the sixth plate by using optimized welding process parameters;

sixthly, adjusting the cavity to the posture that the sixth plate is placed at the bottom, and welding a welding seam on the outer side of the cavity, which is formed by lapping the first plate and the fifth plate, by using optimized welding process parameters;

seventhly, adjusting the cavity to the posture that the third plate is arranged at the bottom, and welding four cavity outer side welding seams formed by overlapping the fourth plate with the first plate, the second plate, the fifth plate and the sixth plate by using optimized welding process parameters;

and step eight, adjusting the cavity to the posture that the fourth plate is arranged at the bottom, and welding four cavity outer side welding seams formed by overlapping the third plate with the first plate, the second plate, the fifth plate and the sixth plate by using optimized welding process parameters.

The invention has the advantages that: the tailor-welded forming cavity of the aluminum alloy stretching plate is used for replacing a machined aluminum alloy casting or forging, so that the material utilization rate and the machining efficiency are greatly improved, and the material cost and the period cost are reduced. By utilizing the composite welding technology, compared with the single laser welding, plasma welding and other modes, the welding quality is effectively improved. In addition, the composite welding process is more favorable for ensuring the consistency of the welding quality, and provides a reliable choice for the welding forming of the rectangular cavity structure of the high-quality aluminum alloy thick plate.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rectangular cavity of a thick aluminum alloy plate with high sealing performance.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further illustrated with reference to fig. 1 and the examples.

The rectangular cavity structure of the aluminum alloy thick plate is characterized in that the length, height and width of the rectangular cavity of the aluminum alloy thick plate with high sealing performance are larger than or equal to 350mm, the aluminum alloy stretching plate material for the cavity is AL6061-T6, the plate thickness is 20mm-25mm, preferably 20mm, all adjacent plates are spliced in a T-shaped or L-shaped plate positioning mode, the welding wire material is 4043, the diameter of the welding wire is equal to the diameter of the welding wire

The height and the width of the welding line are both required to be larger than 5mm, the welding line quality meets the GB \ 12469-.

The equipment used for welding is automatic robot welding equipment which mainly comprises a multi-joint robot, a plasma arc welding machine, a laser and a two-axis positioner, wherein 99.99% of high-purity argon is used as shielding gas, and the flow of the shielding gas is set to be 20L/min.

The robot automatic MIG welding method for the high-sealing aluminum alloy thick plate cavity is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the welding process, high-purity argon with the purity of more than 99.99 percent is used for coaxial protection with a welding gun, and the flow of protective gas is 20-25L/min.

The robot automatic MIG welding method for the high-sealing aluminum alloy thick plate cavity is characterized by comprising the following steps of: when welding the welding seam in the cavity, the included angle between the welding gun and the aluminum alloy plates on the two sides of the welding seam which is currently welded is 45 degrees.