阅读说明：本技术 一种在空速管的非平表面上制备防结冰表面的制备方法 (Preparation method for preparing anti-icing surface on non-flat surface of airspeed head ) 是由 张晨初 张健明 陈任飞 叶罕昌 于 2019-11-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种在空速管的非平表面上制备防结冰表面的制备方法,具体方法步骤为将空速管固定在X-Y二维移动平台上,待加工；用X-Y二维移动平台将空速管置于指定位置,使用中心波长为355nm、脉宽为10ns、激光重复频率为10Hz的激光器搭建光路产生贝塞尔光束,调节激光参数,进行激光扫描加工,得到具有高粗糙度的防结冰表面；对具有高粗糙度的防结冰表面的空速管进行氟化处理,即得超疏水防结冰表面。本发明解决了高斯光束激光仅仅只能在平面上刻蚀的技术难题。本发明可以应用于航空航天器件中的非平表面的防结冰表面的制备,实验结果也表现出了优异防结冰性能。(The invention relates to a preparation method for preparing an anti-icing surface on a non-flat surface of a pitot tube, which comprises the following specific steps of fixing the pitot tube on an X-Y two-dimensional moving platform to be processed; placing an airspeed head at a designated position by using an X-Y two-dimensional moving platform, establishing a light path by using a laser with the central wavelength of 355nm, the pulse width of 10ns and the laser repetition frequency of 10Hz to generate Bessel light beams, adjusting laser parameters, and performing laser scanning processing to obtain an anti-icing surface with high roughness; and (3) fluoridizing the airspeed head with the anti-icing surface with high roughness to obtain the super-hydrophobic anti-icing surface. The invention solves the technical problem that the Gaussian beam laser can only etch on a plane. The invention can be applied to the preparation of the anti-icing surface with the non-flat surface in the aerospace device, and the experimental result also shows excellent anti-icing performance.)

1. A method for preparing an anti-icing surface on a non-flat surface of a pitot tube is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: fixing the airspeed head on an X-Y two-dimensional moving platform to be processed;

s2: placing a pitot tube at a designated position by using an X-Y two-dimensional moving platform, building a light path by using a laser with the central wavelength of 355nm, the pulse width of 10ns and the laser repetition frequency of 10Hz to generate Bessel beams, adjusting laser parameters of the laser, and performing laser scanning processing by using the Bessel beams to form an anti-icing surface with high roughness on a non-flat surface of the pitot tube;

s3: placing the airspeed head with the anti-icing surface with high roughness obtained in the step S2 into a fluorosilane solution to be soaked for 12 hours, taking out the airspeed head to be kept stand for 2-3 hours in a fume hood, and forming a super-hydrophobic anti-icing surface on the non-flat surface of the airspeed head after the surface is dried, wherein the super-hydrophobic anti-icing surface has a two-stage micro-nano fence type structure, and the fluorosilane solution is 1H,1H,2H, 2H-perfluorodecyl triethoxysilane and absolute ethyl alcohol, and the volume ratio of the prepared fluorine silane solution to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1: 50-150.

2. A method of preparing an ice protection surface on a non-planar surface of a pitot tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the laser parameters in step S2 are: a nanosecond laser with the laser power of 0-35mw is selected, the diameter of a laser focus spot is 50 microns, the laser dotting times are 1-10 times, the dotting time is 100-200ms, the dotting interval in the X direction is 10-30 microns, and the dotting interval in the Y direction is 30-50 microns.

3. A method of preparing an ice protection surface on a non-planar surface of a pitot tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein: before step S3, the method further includes the steps of putting the anti-icing surface with high roughness into an ultrasonic cleaner containing deionized water, cleaning, taking out and drying.

4. A method of preparing an ice protection surface on a non-planar surface of a pitot tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pretreatment process of the pitot tube is also included before the step S1: and (3) carrying out surface polishing treatment on the airspeed head, and then cleaning and drying.

5. The method of claim 4 for preparing an ice protection surface on a non-planar surface of a pitot tube, wherein: the polishing treatment process is to polish for 25min by using 1000-mesh SiC water sand paper.

6. The method of claim 4 for preparing an ice protection surface on a non-planar surface of a pitot tube, wherein: the cleaning comprises the following steps: and putting the airspeed head into an ultrasonic cleaner filled with deionized water to clean.

7. A method of forming an ice protection surface on a non-planar surface of a pitot tube as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the drying comprises the following steps: standing in a ventilated place for naturally drying or drying by using a blower.

8. A method of preparing an ice protection surface on a non-planar surface of a pitot tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the volume ratio of the 1H,1H,2H, 2H-perfluorodecyl triethoxysilane to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1: 100.

9. a pitot tube having an ice protection surface on a non-planar surface, comprising: the anti-icing surface is prepared by the method for preparing the anti-icing surface on the non-flat surface of the pitot tube according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A pitot tube as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the anti-icing surface is provided with a two-stage micro-nano fence type structure.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a modified anti-icing treatment method for the surface of an aerospace craft metal material in the field of micro-nano processing, in particular to a preparation method for preparing an anti-icing surface on a non-flat surface of a pitot tube.

Background

As a common natural phenomenon, ice and snow sometimes have a great influence on human activities. When supercooled water droplets come into contact with the surface of an exposed structure, frost condensation occurs, which may result in many material losses and socio-economic costs, including power transmission, telecommunication networks, airplanes, ships, etc. In the stratosphere, a large number of supercooled water droplets are collected in the cloud. When the aircraft passes through these clouds, the supercooled water droplets can freeze on the aircraft surface, especially frost and even ice on the front ends of the rotor, tail rotor and air intake of the engine, which can pose significant challenges to the normal flight of the aircraft. Therefore, it is particularly important to prevent icing of aircraft and other machines operating at low temperatures. Over the past decade, various methods of ice protection have been developed to reduce ice accumulation on the surface of structures and to improve the ice protection of the surface of mechanical structures. Most of the traditional methods for preventing ice accumulation are based on deicing technology as main means, including heat treatment, mechanical vibration deicing, ice melting agent spraying and other passive methods. These deicing methods are not ideal in their effectiveness because they do not fundamentally solve the problem, require a large amount of energy consumption, and cause environmental pollution. Energy and environmental problems are the focus of attention in the world at present, so how to save energy and avoid environmental pollution is a key problem in modern technology development. Because the current anti-icing method is difficult to meet the actual requirements of engineering, the novel anti-icing method gradually becomes a hotspot of research.

The process of icing on the surface of an aerospace vehicle is known as the process of crystal nucleation of liquid drops adhered to the surface of the vehicle. Therefore, reducing the contact area and adhesion time of the droplets to the surface of the mechanical structure is an effective means of preventing icing on the aircraft surface. The aluminum alloy material is a main material of the aerospace craft, and the research on the anti-icing treatment of the aerospace aluminum alloy is not complete enough at present, and the anti-icing effect needs to be improved.

The wettability of the liquid drop on the metal surface is an important parameter for representing the anti-icing of the metal surface, and the liquid drop on the super-hydrophobic surface has a larger contact angle and a smaller rolling angle, so that the contact area and the adhesion time of the liquid drop and the surface of a mechanical structure can be effectively reduced, and the method is an effective means for preventing the icing of the metal surface. There are many methods for constructing a superhydrophobic surface on a metal material, and typical methods include a chemical etching method, an anodic oxidation method, an electrochemical etching method, a laser etching method, and the like. The chemical corrosion method and the anodic oxidation method have complex operation processes, generate a large amount of waste liquid in the process, and have great pollution to the environment, while the laser etching method has simple operation, and cannot generate toxic and harmful waste liquid to pollute the environment in the process.

Laser micromachining has been extensively studied to produce superhydrophobic surfaces. The patent of application No. 201410657627.4 discloses a periodic micro-nano structure of a rose-like surface microstructure prepared by laser, and the surface can be modified on the bottom surface to realize super-hydrophobic characteristics; the patent application No. 201510279894.7 discloses a method for achieving superhydrophobic properties by using laser to directly punch a barrier-type structure on titanium alloy; the patent application No. 20131007993907 discloses laser machining on an aluminum alloy followed by chemical etching to achieve superhydrophobic properties of the aluminum alloy surface.

However, since the depth of focus of the gaussian spot after laser focusing is limited, the metal surface processed by the laser mentioned in the above patent can only be flat, and if a non-flat surface such as a pitot tube is processed, a complicated three-dimensional moving platform and precise moving control are required, which increases the complexity and man-hour of manufacturing.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to reduce the technical problem of processing complexity in the processing of non-flat surfaces of a pitot tube and the like, the invention provides a preparation method for preparing an anti-icing surface on the non-flat surface of the pitot tube.

The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a method for preparing an anti-icing surface on a non-flat surface of a pitot tube, the method comprising the steps of:

s1: fixing the airspeed head on an X-Y two-dimensional moving platform to be processed;

s2: placing a pitot tube at a designated position by using an X-Y two-dimensional moving platform, building a light path by using a laser with the central wavelength of 355nm, the pulse width of 10ns and the laser repetition frequency of 10Hz to generate Bessel beams, adjusting laser parameters of the laser, and performing laser scanning processing by using the Bessel beams to form an anti-icing surface with high roughness on a non-flat surface of the pitot tube;

s3: placing the airspeed head with the anti-icing surface with high roughness obtained in the step S2 into a fluorosilane solution to be soaked for 12 hours, taking out the airspeed head to be kept stand for 2-3 hours in a fume hood, and forming a super-hydrophobic anti-icing surface on the non-flat surface of the airspeed head after the surface is dried, wherein the super-hydrophobic anti-icing surface has a two-stage micro-nano fence type structure, and the fluorosilane solution is 1H,1H,2H, 2H-perfluorodecyl triethoxysilane and absolute ethyl alcohol, and the volume ratio of the prepared fluorine silane solution to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1: 50-150.

As a further improvement of the above scheme, the laser parameters in step S2 are: a nanosecond laser with the laser power of 0-35mw is selected, the diameter of a laser focus spot is 50 microns, the laser dotting times are 1-10 times, the dotting time is 100-200ms, the dotting interval in the X direction is 10-30 microns, and the dotting interval in the Y direction is 30-50 microns.

As a further improvement of the above scheme, before step S3, the method further includes that the anti-icing surface with high roughness is put into an ultrasonic cleaner containing deionized water to be cleaned, and then is taken out and dried.

As a further improvement of the above scheme, a pretreatment process for the pitot tube is also included before step S1: and (3) carrying out surface polishing treatment on the airspeed head, and then cleaning and drying.

Further, the polishing treatment process is to polish for 25min by using 1000-mesh SiC water sand paper.

As a further improvement of the above scheme, the cleaning is: put into the ultrasonic cleaner who holds deionized water with the airspeed head and sanitize, it is to dry: standing in a ventilated place for naturally drying or drying by using a blower.

Further, the drying is as follows: standing in a ventilated place for naturally drying or drying by using a blower.

Further, the volume ratio of the 1H,1H,2H, 2H-perfluorodecyl triethoxysilane to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1: 100.

the invention also provides the airspeed head, wherein the non-flat surface of the airspeed head is provided with the anti-icing surface, and the anti-icing surface is prepared by adopting the preparation method for preparing the anti-icing surface on the non-flat surface of the airspeed head.

As a further improvement of the scheme, the anti-icing surface is provided with a two-stage micro-nano fence type structure.

According to the preparation method for preparing the anti-icing surface on the non-flat surface of the airspeed head, the long focal depth of the Bessel beam can also process the non-flat surfaces of the airspeed head and the like, the super-hydrophobic anti-icing structure is prepared on the high-curvature surface in one step, and the defect that a Gaussian beam only can process a flat metal surface is completely overcome; the maximum contact angle of the super-hydrophobic anti-icing surface prepared by the method can reach 162 degrees, and the minimum rolling angle is 1 degree; the preparation method of the invention has simple process and convenient operation, and completely overcomes the defects of complex process and great pollution of the traditional chemical reagent for etching the metal surface.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an axicon lens of the present invention that produces Bessel;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of Bessel beam focusing according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the fabrication of a non-planar surface superhydrophobic surface according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a method of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an electron microscope image of a superhydrophobic surface processed at different powers according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a graph of contact angle and roll angle changes at different temperatures for superhydrophobic surfaces of the invention processed at 5mw, 15mw, 25mw, and 35mw powers;

FIG. 7 is a comparison of anti-icing effects of untreated aluminum alloys and aluminum alloy superhydrophobic surfaces in simulated environments according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a graph of the ratio of the area of ice accumulated on the surface of an untreated sample to the area of ice accumulated on the surface of a treated sample in a simulated environment according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Referring to fig. 4, according to the method for preparing the anti-icing surface on the non-flat surface of the pitot tube, a secondary micro-nano fence type structure is constructed on the non-flat surface by using the long focal depth of the bessel beam.

a: polishing the surface of the airspeed head by using 1000-mesh SiC waterproof abrasive paper for 25min, then cleaning a sample by using an ultrasonic cleaner, wherein the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic cleaner is 40Hz, the surface is cleaned by using deionized water with the resistivity of 20.15M omega, continuously cleaning for 40min at room temperature, and placing the cleaned airspeed head in a fume hood for airing or blowing the cleaned airspeed head by using a blower to obtain the clean airspeed head.

b: the airspeed tube is clamped on the clamp, the clamp is fixed on the X-Y two-dimensional moving platform, only the X-Y two-dimensional moving platform is used for processing in the processing process, the X-Y-Z three-dimensional moving platform is not needed for processing the airspeed tube, the accurate position control in the Z-axis direction is not needed any more, the complexity and the working hours in the processing process are greatly reduced, and the processing efficiency and the yield are improved.

c: moving a sample to a proper position, building a light path to generate Bessel beams, wherein the Bessel beam lens and the Bessel beams are as shown in figure 1-2, a nanosecond laser with laser power of 5mw, 15mw, 25mw and 35mw is used, the diameter of a laser focus spot is 50 microns, the dotting frequency is set to be 3, the dotting time is set to be 100ms, the dotting distance in the X direction is 20 microns, the dotting distance in the Y direction is 40 microns, a fence type structure with a high-roughness surface is processed, smaller nano particles are attached to the fence type structure, the center wavelength of the used nanosecond laser is 355nm, the pulse width is 10ns, the repetition frequency is 10Hz, and the on-off of the laser and the scanning range, scanning track and processing time of a galvanometer system are controlled by a computer program. Researches show that the larger the contact angle and the smaller the rolling angle, the more obvious the self-cleaning effect is, the stronger the ability of delaying the icing time of water drops on the coating surface is, and the adhesion ability of water drops on the coating surface can be reduced and avoided, so that the water drops are not easy to accumulate on the coating surface, or the water drops slide off from the coating surface by the action of gravity, wind power or other external force before the water drops are not iced, thereby reducing the chance of ice formation on the surface of the coating, while the anti-icing surface coating prepared by using the laser parameters to excite Seebel light beams has the contact angle of 162 degrees and the rolling angle of 1 degree, as shown in figure 6, so the self-cleaning ability of the surface is stronger, that is to say, the anti-icing surface prepared by the method of the invention has stronger super-hydrophobic anti-icing capacity.

A bessel beam is an optical field with a spatial electromagnetic field strength distribution that is a bessel function of the first kind. When the laser beam is freely transmitted in space, the optical field distribution on a propagation section is a central point and a series of concentric rings, the energy is reduced point by point from inside to outside, the beam has longer focal depth, the dynamic range of processing is larger in laser micro-nano processing, the laser beam has unique advantages for processing non-flat surfaces such as a pitot tube and the like, and a cone lens schematic diagram and a Bessel beam focusing schematic diagram for generating Bessel light are shown in figures 1-2. Due to the non-diffraction characteristic of the Bessel light, the energy of the center point of the Bessel light is kept unchanged within a quite long transmission distance, the characteristic has important application in the fields of drilling, long-focus processing and the like, and when the Bessel light is used for processing a non-flat surface typified by a pitot tube, the long-focus depth characteristic of the Bessel light enables the X-Y position of a workpiece to be moved only in the processing process without adjusting the Z direction, so that a complex three-dimensional tool is not required for processing.

d: and cleaning the sample scanned by the laser with an ultrasonic cleaner, wherein the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic cleaner is 40Hz, cleaning the surface with deionized water with the resistivity of 20.15M omega, continuously cleaning for 40min at room temperature, and airing the cleaned sample in a fume hood or drying the cleaned sample by a blower to obtain the structure of the high-roughness surface as shown in FIG. 5.

e: carrying out fluorination treatment on the obtained high-roughness surface; 1H,1H,2H, 2H-perfluorodecyl triethoxysilane and absolute ethanol are used for preparing a mixture with a volume ratio of 1: 100, placing the processed high-roughness surface in a fluorosilane reagent for 12 hours, taking out the high-roughness surface with tweezers, and placing the high-roughness surface in a fume hood for 2.5 hours to ensure that the super-hydrophobic surface is dried to obtain a super-hydrophobic anti-icing surface; the processing schematic diagram of the whole manufacturing process is shown in fig. 3, a mixed solution of 1H,1H,2H, 2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane and absolute ethyl alcohol is used in the fluorination process, the absolute ethyl alcohol is used as an organic solvent of the mixed solution, and the mixed solution has the characteristics of no pollution and the like, and the discharge of the 1H,1H,2H, 2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane after the fluorination treatment is all environment-friendly products, and the siloxane solution can be reused, so that the pollution generated by the anti-icing surface prepared by using the method disclosed by the invention is smaller, the siloxane solution is more environment-friendly, and the emission standard of modern industrial production is met.

Experimental example 1

In the experiment, the wettability and the anti-icing effect of the super-hydrophobic surface are represented by using a contact angle and a rolling angle.

In the experiment, contact angles and rolling angles of liquid drops on the surface of a sample at normal temperature (19 ℃) and low temperature (0 ℃, -5 ℃, -10 ℃) are measured, as shown in fig. 6a-b, when the laser power exceeds 5mw at normal temperature, the contact angles of the liquid drops and the surface of the sample are both 155 degrees, the liquid drops are represented as super-hydrophobic, the contact angles of the surfaces of the samples are reduced along with the reduction of the temperature, and the contact angle of the liquid drops on the surface of the sample with low laser processing power is reduced more obviously; when the temperature is reduced to below-5 ℃, the contact angle of the sample with the laser power of more than 25mw is maintained at about 120 degrees and tends to be stable; a contact angle of 105 DEG or less at a laser power of 15mw or less and a tendency to decrease; meanwhile, the rolling angle is also remarkably increased at low temperature, and for samples prepared when the scanning power is less than 15mw, the samples become high-adhesion surfaces at 0 ℃, and water drops cannot roll on the surfaces; for samples prepared with scan powers greater than 25mw, some rolling properties were still maintained at low temperatures, as shown in fig. 6 c-d.

Experimental example 2

In a high-altitude environment, the temperature is very low, the stratosphere cloud layer contains a large amount of moisture, and a large amount of super-cooled liquid drops are adhered to the surface of an airplane when the airplane is in the stratosphere cloud layer.

The experiment simulates the crystallization condition of supercooled liquid drops on the surface of an airplane of the aerospace craft in an extreme natural environment; placing the aluminum alloy super-hydrophobic surface subjected to laser processing and an untreated aluminum alloy side by side in an environment with the temperature of-10 ℃ and freezing for 1 h; pulse type small droplets are sprayed above the two samples by a water mist sprayer, 200 mu L of the droplets are sprayed each time, the period is 4min, and the actual anti-icing effect is shown in figure 7.

As shown in fig. 8, as the experiment proceeded, the bare aluminum surface was completely covered with ice crystals at the 4 th spray drop, the ice crystals of the superhydrophobic surface slowly increased as the experiment proceeded, and the area of the non-crystallized drop increased, and the area of the drop peaked at the 4 th and 5 th spray drops and then decreased, because most of the drops had already formed ice crystals as the experiment proceeded.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.