Laser finishing processing equipment for shaft part edge burrs and burr removing method thereof
阅读说明：本技术 一种轴类件边缘毛刺激光精整加工设备及其毛刺去除方法 (Laser finishing processing equipment for shaft part edge burrs and burr removing method thereof ) 是由 华希俊 王炳文 李云蕾 解玄 戴红星 徐中旺 尹必峰 于 2019-11-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种轴类件边缘毛刺激光精整加工设备及其毛刺去除方法,该设备包括主体框架平台、加工运动平台、固定在Y轴运动平台上用于有效安装夹持轴类件的升降夹具调节装置、安装在Z轴运动平台悬梁上的可实现激光光束角度调整的光束角度可调激光加工头装置,本发明中运动控制器采用32位STM32芯片,其运算精度高、可靠性好,可实现激光与四轴的协调控制。本发明加工设备在毛刺去除方法上采用变焦点循环扫描、改变光束角度、大功率纳秒激光粗加工+小功率皮秒激光精加工相配合、匀速曲线轨迹激光扫描实现毛刺的高精度、高效率去除,有效解决实际工程应用中轴类件毛刺去除困难的问题,能够显著提高激光精整质量和加工效率。(The invention discloses laser finishing processing equipment for shaft part edge burrs and a burr removing method thereof, the equipment comprises a main body frame platform, a processing motion platform, a lifting clamp adjusting device which is fixed on a Y-axis motion platform and used for effectively installing and clamping the shaft part, and a beam angle adjustable laser processing head device which is installed on a Z-axis motion platform suspension beam and can realize laser beam angle adjustment, wherein a motion controller adopts a 32-bit STM32 chip, the operation precision is high, the reliability is good, and the coordination control of laser and four axes can be realized. According to the processing equipment, on the burr removing method, zooming point cyclic scanning is adopted, the beam angle is changed, high-power nanosecond laser rough processing and low-power picosecond laser finish processing are matched, and constant-speed curve track laser scanning is adopted to realize high-precision and high-efficiency burr removal, so that the problem that shaft burrs are difficult to remove in practical engineering application is effectively solved, and the laser finishing quality and the processing efficiency can be obviously improved.)
1. The laser finishing processing equipment for the edge burrs of the shaft parts is characterized by comprising a main body frame platform, a processing motion platform, a lifting clamp adjusting device and a laser processing head device with an adjustable light beam angle, wherein the main body frame platform consists of a processing platform base and a cabinet, and the cabinet is used for placing a laser, a motion controller, installing an electric device and an operation panel; the processing motion platform comprises X, Y, Z and a theta four-axis servo motion mechanism, wherein the X, Y and theta three-axis servo motion mechanism is fixedly arranged on a base of the processing platform, a Z-axis servo motion mechanism is vertically fixed on one side of a frame of the machine cabinet, and the laser processing head device with the adjustable beam angle is arranged on the Z-axis servo motion mechanism; the lifting fixture adjusting device comprises a three-jaw chuck, a lifting frame mechanism and a movable ejector pin device, wherein the lifting frame mechanism is fixed with a Y-axis servo motion mechanism, the three-jaw chuck is fixed on a theta-axis servo motion mechanism, and the movable ejector pin device is connected with the lifting frame mechanism in an installing manner and matched with the three-jaw chuck to fix the shaft parts.
2. The laser finishing processing device for the edge burrs of the shaft parts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the motion controller adopts a 32-bit STM32 chip to realize the motion control and laser control of a four-axis servo motion mechanism.
3. The laser finishing processing device for the edge burrs of the shaft parts according to claim 1, wherein the processing motion platform, X, Y, Z axis servo motion mechanism respectively comprises a motion platform, a servo motor, a guide rail, a transmission lead screw and a lead screw tailstock, and the theta axis motion mechanism comprises a servo motor, a speed reducer and a theta axis motion platform; a Z-axis motion platform is fixed on one side of a frame of the cabinet, a Z-axis suspension structure is arranged on the Z-axis motion platform, the Z-axis suspension structure is driven by a servo motor and a transmission lead screw to move along the Z direction, and the laser processing head device with the adjustable light beam angle is fixed on the Z-axis suspension structure;
the X-axis motion platform is arranged on the X-axis motion platform, the Y-axis motion platform is driven by a servo motor and a transmission lead screw to move along the X direction, and the theta-axis motion platform is arranged on the Y-axis motion platform and driven by the servo motor and the transmission lead screw to move along the Y direction; the three-jaw chuck is arranged on the theta axis motion platform through a rotating disc, and the rotating disc is driven through a servo motor and a speed reducing device so as to circumferentially rotate the three-jaw chuck; and the motion controller is in control connection with each servo motor.
4. The laser finishing processing device for the edge burrs of the shaft parts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the beam angle adjustable laser processing head device comprises a laser focusing head, a laser fiber head, a suspension structure and a light head fixing structure, and the suspension structure is fixed on the Z-axis suspension structure; the laser device comprises a suspension structure, a laser head fixing structure, a motion controller and a suspension structure, wherein the laser head fixing structure is used for fixing a laser fiber head and a laser focusing head at the upper end and the lower end of the laser head fixing structure respectively, the laser head fixing structure is also connected with a servo motor output shaft below the suspension structure, the angle change of a laser processing head is realized through the driving of a servo motor, the angle adjustment of a light beam is further realized, and the.
5. The laser finishing processing device for the edge burrs of the shaft parts as claimed in claim 4, wherein the laser focusing head is provided with an auxiliary blowing structure for more effectively realizing the processing quality of the finished surface.
6. The laser finishing processing equipment for the edge burrs of the shaft part according to claim 1, wherein the lifting fixture adjusting device comprises a lifting frame mechanism, a manual crank, a steering conversion structure, a lifting frame transverse frame structure and a lifting frame main body structure, the lifting frame transverse structure is connected with the lifting frame main body structure through a guide rail and a vertical direction lead screw, and the movable ejector pin device is installed on the lifting frame transverse structure; the manual crank realizes that the transverse rotation is converted into the rotation of a vertical screw through the steering conversion structure, and further realizes the lifting motion of the transverse structure of the lifting frame.
7. A burr removing method of shaft part edge burr laser finishing processing equipment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adjusting the vertical position of a transverse structure of a lifting frame of the lifting clamp adjusting device, vertically placing the shaft part into a jaw of a three-jaw chuck according to a correct machining direction, screwing the three-jaw chuck, rotating a manual crank to vertically adjust the transverse structure of the lifting frame, enabling the tip of a movable thimble device to abut against a central hole at one end of the shaft part, screwing off a fixing lock at the rear of the manual crank, and fixing the position of the transverse structure of the lifting frame at the moment;
(2) a servo motor in the laser processing head device with the adjustable beam angle is operated by a motion controller to set a corresponding laser beam angle, and the positions of X, Y, Z and a theta axis motion platform are respectively adjusted, so that the edge of a workpiece is positioned at an initial processing position, the surface to be processed is positioned at a laser focus position, and the laser beam and the axis of the shaft part are positioned in the same vertical plane;
(3) selecting a high-power nanosecond laser, setting nanosecond laser processing parameters, starting a processing program to perform rough processing, enabling Y, Z and a theta axis motion platform to coordinate with each other to start processing, automatically adjusting the focus position by the program every time processing is completed for one circle, and enabling the focus position to go deep into burrs until the burrs are removed, so that an edge chamfering form is formed;
(4) and (3) selecting a low-power picosecond laser, setting picosecond laser processing parameters for finish machining, and repeating the step (3) to finish subsequent processing.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the focus position is automatically adjusted by the program according to the beam angle every time the machining is completed, the focus is moved up or down along the beam direction, the focal length is adjusted to 1-10mm by the zoom point, and the minimum zoom distance is 10 um.
9. The method for removing the burrs of the laser finishing equipment for the edge burrs of the shaft parts as claimed in claim 7, wherein the initial rough machining is performed by selecting nanosecond laser machining parameters in the following ranges: the laser power is 100-; the range of the picosecond laser processing parameters is selected for finish machining as follows: the laser power is 1-50W, the constant scanning speed is 100-.
10. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the oblique downward light velocity angle is 0-90 ° when the lower edge of the shaft is processed, and the oblique upward light velocity angle is 0- (-90 °) when the upper edge of the shaft is processed.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, in particular to laser finishing processing equipment for shaft part edge burrs and a burr removing method thereof.
Background
Burrs are raised metal on an edge of a part caused by metal cutting, forming, punching or shearing. Burrs are inevitable phenomena in the machining process, and the existence of the burrs directly influences the quality of products. In a mechanical transmission system, burrs fall off due to vibration, and the system is blocked or parts are damaged. In addition, the existence of the burrs of the contact surface of the relative movement can increase the friction and the abrasion of the contact surface and shorten the service life of the product. At present, the deburring technology is generally regarded by industrial developed countries. The removal of burrs is particularly important in the production of precision components. The deburring process is gradually developed towards automation and intellectualization, and the currently commonly used deburring methods mainly comprise electrochemical deburring, mechanical brush deburring, jet deburring, magnetic grinding deburring, ultrasonic deburring, laser deburring and the like. Research on applying a laser machining technique to the field of burr removal has also been gradually focused on by utilizing the characteristic that a laser beam can be focused into an extremely fine spot as a branch of the laser micromachining technique.
Aiming at the laser finishing of the edge burrs of the shaft part, the existing laser deburring technology still has some problems. For example, the utility model patent application with publication number CN207615870U, application publication date of 2018, number 07, number 17, and name "a laser deburring processing apparatus", uses a mechanical arm which is installed on a beam and has an adjustable free end position, and removes burrs through a laser output device installed on the free end of the mechanical arm, but the invention does not consider the burr removal requirement of shaft parts, and the common industrial mechanical arm is difficult to meet the high precision requirement of burr removal. And as for the invention patent application with the publication number of CN106862775A, the publication date of 2017, 06 and 20 and the name of 'a laser deburring method and equipment', the deburring method realizes the deburring of different sides of a workpiece by the combination of a fixed laser head, a workbench, a material conveying device, a feeding device and a turning positioning device, the deburring means obtains a certain deviation between a contour figure of a part needing deburring and an actual workpiece contour track positioning position through figure pretreatment, thereby influencing the deburring of the workpiece and even damaging the surface of the workpiece, in addition, the equipment has a complex structure, and needs figure pretreatment operation on each workpiece, thereby increasing the complexity of the operation and reducing the processing efficiency.
The existing patent does not provide related processing equipment for the laser finishing requirement of the edge burrs of the shaft part, and the problem of actual removal efficiency of burr removal is not further considered, for example, the burr removal with high precision and high efficiency is realized by circularly scanning zoom points, changing beam angles, matching high-power nanosecond laser rough processing and low-power picosecond laser finish processing, scanning uniform speed curve tracks with laser, changing laser processing power, scanning speed and other processing parameters. The application provides a high-efficiency laser finishing processing device for laser finishing of the edge burrs of the shaft part, and provides a high-precision and high-efficiency burr removing method by combining with the actual laser finishing condition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide laser finishing processing equipment for shaft edge burrs and a burr removing method thereof, which are used for solving the problem of laser finishing of the edge burrs of the existing shaft and improving the processing precision and the processing efficiency of laser deburring of the shaft.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the laser finishing processing equipment for the edge burrs of the shaft parts is characterized by comprising a main body frame platform, a processing motion platform, a lifting clamp adjusting device and a laser processing head device with an adjustable light beam angle, wherein the main body frame platform consists of a processing platform base and a cabinet, and the cabinet is used for placing a laser, a motion controller, installing an electric device and an operation panel; the processing motion platform comprises X, Y, Z and a theta four-axis servo motion mechanism, wherein the X, Y and theta three-axis servo motion mechanism is fixedly arranged on a base of the processing platform, a Z-axis servo motion mechanism is vertically fixed on one side of a frame of the machine cabinet, and the laser processing head device with the adjustable beam angle is arranged on the Z-axis servo motion mechanism; the lifting fixture adjusting device comprises a three-jaw chuck, a lifting frame mechanism and a movable ejector pin device, wherein the lifting frame mechanism is fixed with a Y-axis servo motion mechanism, the three-jaw chuck is fixed on a theta-axis servo motion mechanism, and the movable ejector pin device is connected with the lifting frame mechanism in an installing manner and matched with the three-jaw chuck to fix the shaft parts.
Preferably, the motion controller adopts a 32-bit STM32 chip to realize motion control and laser control of the four-axis servo motion mechanism, and the control process of the controller is realized as follows:
(1) importing an edge profile graphic file of a workpiece to be processed into an upper controller, adjusting the initial processing position of the workpiece, and selecting a corresponding processing module;
(2) the communication port of the upper controller sends an instruction to the motion controller, and the motion controller decodes the graph into a straight line-arc-spline combined interpolation point through high-precision floating point operation;
(3) the servo motion mechanism receives the interpolation point command, the processing motion platform moves according to the interpolation points in sequence, in the process, the laser works according to set parameters, and the laser processing head device with the adjustable light beam angle is matched with the processing motion platform to realize the change of the light beam angle and remove burrs on the edge of the outline of the workpiece.
Preferably, the processing motion platform and X, Y, Z-axis servo motion mechanism respectively comprise a motion platform, a servo motor, a guide rail, a transmission lead screw and a lead screw tailstock, and the theta-axis motion mechanism comprises a servo motor, a speed reducer and a theta-axis motion platform; the laser processing device comprises a rack, a Z-axis motion platform is fixed on one side of the rack, a Z-axis suspension structure is arranged on the Z-axis motion platform, the Z-axis suspension structure is driven by a servo motor and a transmission lead screw to move along the Z direction, and the laser processing head device with the adjustable light beam angle is fixed on the Z-axis suspension structure.
The X-axis motion platform is arranged on the X-axis motion platform, the Y-axis motion platform is driven by a servo motor and a transmission lead screw to move along the X direction, and the theta-axis motion platform is arranged on the Y-axis motion platform and driven by the servo motor and the transmission lead screw to move along the Y direction; the three-jaw chuck is installed on the theta axis motion platform through a rotating disc, and the rotating disc is driven through a servo motor and a speed reducing device, so that the three-jaw chuck rotates in the circumferential direction. And the motion controller is in control connection with each servo motor.
Preferably, the beam angle adjustable laser processing head device comprises a laser focusing head, a laser fiber head, a suspension structure and a light head fixing structure, wherein the suspension structure is fixed on a Z-axis suspension structure; the laser device comprises a suspension structure, a laser head fixing structure, a motion controller and a suspension structure, wherein the laser head fixing structure is used for fixing a laser fiber head and a laser focusing head at the upper end and the lower end of the laser head fixing structure respectively, the laser head fixing structure is also connected with a servo motor output shaft below the suspension structure, the angle change of a laser processing head is realized through the driving of a servo motor, the angle adjustment of a light beam is further realized, and the.
Preferably, the laser focusing head is provided with an auxiliary blowing structure for more effectively realizing the processing quality of the finished surface.
Preferably, the lifting fixture adjusting device comprises a lifting frame mechanism and a lifting frame mechanism, wherein the lifting frame mechanism comprises a manual crank, a steering conversion structure, a lifting frame transverse frame structure and a lifting frame main body structure, the lifting frame transverse structure is connected with the lifting frame main body structure through a guide rail and a vertical direction screw rod, and the movable thimble device is arranged on the lifting frame transverse structure; the manual crank realizes that the transverse rotation is converted into the rotation of a vertical screw through the steering conversion structure, and further realizes the lifting motion of the transverse structure of the lifting frame.
A burr removing method of shaft part edge burr laser finishing processing equipment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adjusting the vertical position of a transverse structure of a lifting frame of the lifting clamp adjusting device, vertically placing the shaft part into a jaw of a three-jaw chuck according to a correct machining direction, screwing the three-jaw chuck, rotating a manual crank to vertically adjust the transverse structure of the lifting frame, enabling the tip of a movable thimble device to abut against a central hole at one end of the shaft part, screwing off a fixing lock at the rear of the manual crank, and fixing the position of the transverse structure of the lifting frame at the moment;
(2) a servo motor in the laser processing head device with the adjustable beam angle is operated by a motion controller to set a corresponding laser beam angle, and the positions of X, Y, Z and a theta axis motion platform are respectively adjusted, so that the edge of a workpiece is positioned at an initial processing position, the surface to be processed is positioned at a laser focus position, and the laser beam and the axis of the shaft part are positioned in the same vertical plane;
(3) selecting a high-power nanosecond laser, setting nanosecond laser processing parameters, starting a processing program to perform rough processing, enabling Y, Z and a theta axis motion platform to coordinate with each other to start processing, automatically adjusting the focus position by the program every time processing is completed for one circle, and enabling the focus position to go deep into burrs until the burrs are removed, so that an edge chamfering form is formed;
(4) and (3) selecting a low-power picosecond laser, setting picosecond laser processing parameters for finish machining, and repeating the step (3) to finish subsequent processing.
Preferably, each time a circle of processing is finished, the program automatically adjusts the position of the focus according to the angle of the light beam, the focus is moved upwards or downwards along the direction of the light beam, the focal length change range of the zoom point is 1-10mm, and the minimum zoom distance is 10 um.
Preferably, the laser finishing of the edge burrs of the shaft part can be realized by selecting proper laser processing parameters, and the range of nanosecond laser processing parameters selected for initial rough processing is as follows: the laser power is 100-; the range of the picosecond laser processing parameters is selected for finish machining as follows: the laser power is 1-50W, the constant scanning speed is 100-. The laser finishing surface of different shaft parts requires that corresponding laser processing parameters are selected to realize the required finishing surface quality.
Preferably, in order to avoid laser damage to the surface of the working surface of the shaft part, the edge of the shaft part is divided into different conditions of upper and lower edges, different light beam angles need to be adjusted, when the lower edge of the shaft part is machined, a downward oblique light velocity angle is selected to be 0-90 degrees, and when the upper edge of the shaft part is machined, an upward oblique light velocity angle is selected to be 0- (-90 degrees).
Preferably, in order to ensure that the processing quality of the contour of the same edge of the shaft part is identical, uniform-speed track laser scanning is adopted in the processing process, meanwhile, the processing quality can be ensured by changing the laser processing power and the scanning speed, and the processing efficiency is improved.
The motion controller is used for realizing motion control and laser control of a four-axis motion platform, adopts a 32-bit STM32 chip, has high operation precision and good reliability, and can realize coordination control of laser and four axes. A three-jaw chuck in the lifting clamp adjusting device is fixed on a rotating disc of a theta axis moving platform, a fixed seat of a movable ejector pin device is fixed on a transverse frame structure, an ejector pin is vertically fixed in the fixed seat, the top of the ejector pin mechanism can rotate and can elastically move in the vertical direction, the top of the ejector pin device is abutted against the upper end face of a shaft part in a clamping state of the three-jaw chuck through the lifting motion of the transverse frame structure, and the top of the ejector pin device is coaxial with the shaft part and can synchronously rotate along with the rotation of the shaft part. The distance for adjusting the vertical position of the transverse frame is 100-500mm, and the mounting and clamping of shaft parts such as three-cylinder, four-cylinder and six-cylinder engine camshafts can be met. The beam angle adjustable laser processing head device is fixedly connected below the suspension beam of the Z-axis movement mechanism, so that the beam angle adjustable laser processing head device can change up and down along with the up-and-down movement of the Z-axis movement mechanism, and the processing requirement in the vertical direction is met. During machining, according to the laser finishing requirements of different shaft parts, a corresponding machining program is selected, the laser beam angle is changed, an initial machining position is set, and a high-power nanosecond laser and a low-power picosecond laser are selected to perform rough machining and finish machining respectively. The invention effectively solves the problem of difficult burr removal of the shaft part in practical engineering application, and can obviously improve the laser finishing quality and the processing efficiency.
Compared with the prior laser deburring technology, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention applies the laser finishing technology to the deburring of the shaft parts, and improves the deburring processing quality of the shaft parts.
(2) According to the lifting clamp adjusting device, the shaft part is vertically placed, the axis of the shaft part is always in a vertical state through the matched clamping of the movable ejector pin device and the three-jaw chuck, and the machining accuracy is guaranteed.
(3) The beam angle adjustable laser processing head device can adjust the laser beam angle in real time, realize the selection of different laser fiber heads and provide the processing requirements of different lasers.
(4) The burr removing method provided by the invention realizes high-precision and high-efficiency burr removal through the processing parameters of zoom point circular scanning, beam angle change, high-power nanosecond laser rough machining and low-power picosecond laser finish machining, uniform-speed curve track laser scanning, laser processing power change, scanning speed change and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the laser finishing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a lifting clamp adjusting device of the laser finishing processing equipment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an angle-adjustable laser processing head device of the laser finishing processing equipment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a Z-axis motion platform of the laser finishing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of an ejector pin mechanism of the laser finishing processing equipment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a control flow of a motion controller of the laser finishing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the upper and lower edges of the cam shaft cam of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged view of the edge burr of the shaft according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the laser finishing removal effect of the edge burrs of the shaft part according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the effect of removing the laser-finished cam edge of the burr on the edge of the shaft part according to the present invention (high-power nanosecond laser rough machining);
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the effect of removing the edge burr of the laser-finished cam of the shaft part according to the present invention (low power picosecond laser finishing);
description of reference numerals:
11. processing a platform base; 12. a cabinet; 12-1, an electrical installation panel; 12-2, a laser;
21. an X-axis motion stage; 22. a Y-axis motion stage; 23. a theta
31. a lifting frame mechanism; 31-1, a main body structure of the lifting frame; 31-2, a transverse frame structure of the lifting frame; 31-3, a manual crank; 31-4, fixing a lock of the lifting frame; 32. a movable thimble device; 32-1, a thimble mechanism; 32-2, top; 32-3, a thimble fixing seat; 33. a three-jaw chuck;
41. an angle-adjustable laser processing head; 41-1, an optical head fixing structure; 41-2, a laser focusing head; 41-3, a laser fiber head; 41-4, an auxiliary blowing structure; 42. an adjustable angle laser processing head suspension mechanism; 42-1, a suspension structure; 42-2, a motor fixing seat; 42-3, a light beam angle adjusting servo motor;
51. a camshaft cam structure of the shaft part; 51a, cam edge upper edge; 51b, a lower edge of the cam edge;
61. deburring the edge of the cam;
71. edge quality effect after laser finishing.
Detailed Description
The laser finishing processing equipment for the shaft edge burr and the burr removing method thereof provided by the embodiment of the invention are used for laser finishing of the shaft edge burr, and comprise a main body frame platform processing platform base 11, a cabinet 12 for placing a laser 12-2, a motion controller and an electric installation panel 12-1, an X-axis motion platform 21, a Y-axis motion platform 22, a theta-axis motion platform 23 and a Z-
As shown in fig. 7, the engine camshaft requiring deburring laser finishing processing in this embodiment is a cylindrical rod body having a length approximately the same as that of the cylinder block, and a plurality of cams are sleeved on the body of the camshaft for driving the valves. Therefore, the engine camshaft has a critical function, the upper edge 51a and the lower edge 51b of the camshaft cam edge can generate large and small burrs due to the limitation of the processing technology, and the burrs at the camshaft cam edge have a non-negligible influence on the working characteristics of the camshaft cam.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 8, as can be seen from the enlarged partial view of the cam edge, there is a large amount of burrs 61 to be removed at the cam edge of the camshaft, and the laser finishing process for the burr at the cam edge of the camshaft in this example is as follows:
selecting a corresponding program module for laser finishing processing of a camshaft, adjusting the up-and-down position of a transverse frame 31-2 of the lifting clamp adjusting device, vertically placing the camshaft into a jaw of a three-jaw chuck 33 according to a correct processing direction, screwing the three-jaw chuck 33, rotating a manual crank 31-3, adjusting the transverse frame 31-2 up and down through a steering conversion structure (steering can be realized by adopting a pair of bevel gears), enabling a tip 32-2 of a movable thimble device 32 to be abutted against a central hole at one end of the camshaft, screwing off a fixed lock 31-4 of a lifting frame above a lifting frame mechanism 31 and positioned behind the crank, and fixing the position of the transverse frame 31-2 at the moment.
And operating a beam angle adjusting servo motor 42-3 in the beam angle adjustable laser processing head device through a processing equipment upper controller to set: the lower edge processing laser beam angle is-45 degrees, and the upper edge processing laser beam angle is 45 degrees. The positions of the X-axis moving platform 21, the Y-axis moving platform 22, the Z-
Selecting a high-power nanosecond laser 12-2, and setting nanosecond laser processing parameters: laser power (500W), at uniform velocity scanning rate (50 mm/s), repetition number (5), zoom distance (50 um), start the processing procedure and carry out the rough machining of cam lower limb, Y motion platform 22,
Selecting a low-power picosecond laser for finish machining, and setting picosecond laser machining parameters: laser power (50W), at uniform velocity scanning rate (200 mm/s), repetition number (5), zoom distance (20 um), start the processing procedure and carry out down along the finish machining, Y motion platform 22,
The cam edge quality effect after the laser finishing processing is finished is shown in fig. 11, compared with the cam edge quality effect in an ideal state of fig. 9, the cam edge quality effect is that the edge is in a chamfer shape, all burrs are removed, the edge profile is smooth, no laser ablation residues exist, and the burr removal quality is very ideal.
In the processing process, in order to avoid laser damage to the surface of the working surface of the shaft, the edge of the shaft is divided into different upper and lower edges, as shown in fig. 7, different beam angles need to be adjusted, when the lower edge of the shaft is processed, an oblique downward light velocity angle (0-90 °) is selected, and when the upper edge of the shaft is processed, an oblique upward light velocity angle (0- (-90 °)) is selected.
In addition, in order to ensure that the processing quality of the same edge profile of the shaft part is identical, constant-speed track laser scanning is adopted in the processing process, meanwhile, the processing quality can be ensured by changing the laser processing power and the scanning speed, and the processing efficiency is improved.
In the embodiment of the invention, the cam shaft can be a three-cylinder engine cam shaft, a four-cylinder engine cam shaft or a six-cylinder engine cam shaft, and the quality and the efficiency of removing the edge burrs of the cam shaft can be obviously improved by combining corresponding laser finishing processing procedures.
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