阅读说明：本技术 一种基于3d打印的激光喷丸工艺光路可达性检验方法 (laser peening process light path accessibility inspection method based on 3D printing ) 是由 张峥 吴瑞煜 张永康 于 2019-10-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于3D打印的激光喷丸工艺光路可达性检验方法,该检验方法涉及航空整体构件的激光喷丸工艺设计领域,利用非金属3D打印制造效率高、精确空间复制的技术优势,将几何外形复杂、加工耗时长、零件成本高的航空整体构件进行快速原型制造,以复制品作为试验件进行光路可达性检验。本发明以快速原型制造解决低成本工艺设计需求与高昂零件成本之间的矛盾,避免了零件激光烧蚀损坏和高能激光反射,使得激光喷丸工艺设计更加高效经济,尤其适合航空发动机叶片、整体叶盘等回转体的激光喷丸工艺设计与检验。(The invention discloses an laser peening process light path accessibility inspection method based on 3D printing, which relates to the field of laser peening process design of an aviation integral component, utilizes the technical advantages of high efficiency and accurate space replication of nonmetal 3D printing manufacturing, carries out rapid prototype manufacturing on the aviation integral component with complex geometric shape, long processing time consumption and high part cost, and carries out light path accessibility inspection by taking a replica as a test piece.)

1, laser peening process light path accessibility inspection method based on 3D printing, characterized by comprising the following steps:

step S1: obtaining a three-dimensional model of the part, or performing reverse engineering by using a part real object, and measuring to obtain the three-dimensional model and the size of the part;

step S2: inputting the three-dimensional model of the part into a 3D printer to manufacture a non-metal duplicate of the part;

step S3: fixing the replica on a clamp of a laser shot blasting system, turning on a coaxial indicating light source, and performing online programming;

step S4: the program takes a coaxial indicating light source as a reference, and tests and verifies the accessibility of the optical path, the interference of the optical path, the accessibility of the water jet and the stability of the water restriction layer of the part;

step S5: performing a full-sequence pre-test on the replica by using 0.2-0.5J low-energy laser and observing the result;

step S6: if no problem is found, determining a laser peening program; if a problem is found, the process returns to step S4 to adjust the process until it is successful.

2. The 3D printing-based laser peening process optical path reachability inspection method according to claim 1, wherein said step S1 further comprises the steps of:

step S11: when a three-dimensional model drawing and the size of the real object part are displayed on a computer, the real object part can be directly led in;

step S12: and when the physical part has no three-dimensional model, modeling by using a three-coordinate measuring machine and a laser morphology measuring instrument of reverse engineering, and obtaining the three-dimensional model and the size of the physical part.

3. The 3D printing-based laser peening process optical path reachability inspection method according to claim 1, wherein said step S2 further comprises: and the three-dimensional model of the part is subjected to layering processing by UG, CATIA, Solidworks or 3 Dworks processing software, an auxiliary support is designed, and the non-metal copies of the part are printed layer by layer.

4. The 3D printing-based laser peening process optical path reachability inspection method according to claim 1, wherein said step S2 further comprises: the auxiliary support on the printed copy is removed with a utility knife or rasp tool.

5. The 3D printing-based laser peening process optical path reachability inspection method according to claim 1, wherein said step S3 further comprises: designing a clamp matched with the parts according to the structural characteristics of different types of parts and fixing the duplicate; the coaxial indicating light source is a visible light laser beam coaxial with the high-energy laser beam.

6. The 3D printing-based laser peening process optical path reachability inspection method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4:

the accessibility of the light path refers to that whether light is transmitted along a straight line, whether an obstacle for shielding the transmission of the laser exists on the light path transmission path of the region to be processed, and whether the light path directly reaches the processing region without energy loss;

the light path interference refers to whether the clamp and the non-processing area interfere with the light path in the program movement process;

the accessibility of the water jet refers to whether the water jet can directly reach a treatment area under the action of the injection pressure and gravity to generate a continuous water constraint layer;

the stability of the water constraint layer refers to whether the water film formed by the water jet can keep consistency of the thickness of the water film under the action of the change of the outline boundary of the part and the gravity.

7. The 3D printing-based laser peening process optical path reachability inspection method according to claim 1, wherein said step S5 further comprises:

step S51: visually detecting whether the copy is ablated by laser;

step S52: confirming that the shot blasting area is an area to be strengthened and the pattern is regular and regular;

step S53: whether the motion trail of the replica has light beam and water flow interference or not and whether rigid body collision exists or not.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of surface treatment of aviation integral components, in particular to laser peening process light path reachability detection methods based on 3D printing.

Background

The laser shot blasting technology is the most effective and most suitable surface treatment technology for an aeronautic revolving body at present, surface layer material modification is carried out by using strong shock waves (GPa) generated by short pulse (1-20ns) and high energy (10-20J) irradiation, residual compressive stress with the depth of 1-2mm is introduced, crack initiation is inhibited, crack propagation is delayed, the fatigue performance of the component in the service period can be obviously improved, and the laser shot blasting technology is which is a key technology for manufacturing the aeroengine.

The laser shot blasting adopts high-energy laser beams as energy sources, has high instantaneous output peak power, and cannot adopt optical fiber for conduction, thereby putting higher requirements on processing equipment. The laser peening equipment is usually fixed by a laser beam, a part is clamped and moved by a robot arm, and a program is programmed to complete strengthening treatment of a set area. At present, the whole component among the aeroengine, like parts such as turbine dish, blisk, has that appearance structure is complicated, the treatment area space is narrow and small, water jet and light path accessibility are poor, part is with high costs, processing cycle length etc. commonality technological problem, has provided serious challenge to the technological design of laser peening technique, and how economic efficient design technology is the bottleneck problem that awaits a moment and ask for solution.

For example, the turbine disk is a high-temperature component, a nickel-based high-temperature alloy material is generally adopted, the blank material value is 30-50 ten thousand yuan, the material removal rate is 70-90%, the milling processing period is 3-6 months, the processing cost is 30-50 ten thousand, generally, the laser peening process needs at least 2 parts to carry out tests such as light path accessibility and final process tests, and the cost is high.

Therefore, there is a need in the art for improvements and improvements.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides methods for detecting the accessibility of the optical path of the laser peening process based on 3D printing.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

laser peening process light path accessibility inspection method based on 3D printing, the inspection method mainly comprises the following steps:

step S1: and obtaining a three-dimensional model of the part, or performing reverse engineering on a part real object, and measuring to obtain the three-dimensional model and the size of the part.

The step S1 further includes the steps of:

step S11: when a three-dimensional model drawing and the size of the real object part are displayed on a computer, the real object part can be directly led in;

step S12: and when the physical part has no three-dimensional model, modeling by using a three-coordinate measuring machine and a laser morphology measuring instrument of reverse engineering, and obtaining the three-dimensional model and the size of the physical part.

Step S2: and inputting the three-dimensional model of the part into a 3D printer to manufacture a non-metal duplicate of the part.

The step S2 further includes: and the three-dimensional model of the part is subjected to layering processing by UG, CATIA, Solidworks or 3 Dworks processing software, an auxiliary support is designed, and the non-metal copies of the part are printed layer by layer.

The step S2 further includes: the auxiliary support on the printed copy is removed with a utility knife or rasp tool.

Step S3: the replica was fixed to the fixture of the laser peening system, and the on-line programming was performed with the on-axis indicator light source turned on.

The step S3 further includes: designing a clamp matched with the parts according to the structural characteristics of different types of parts and fixing the duplicate; the coaxial indicating light source is a visible light laser beam coaxial with the high-energy laser beam.

Step S4: the program takes a coaxial indicating light source as a reference, and the optical path accessibility, the optical path interference, the water jet accessibility and the stability of the water restriction layer of the part are tested and verified.

In the step S4:

the accessibility of the light path refers to that whether light is transmitted along a straight line, whether an obstacle for shielding the transmission of the laser exists on the light path transmission path of the region to be processed, and whether the light path directly reaches the processing region without energy loss;

the light path interference refers to whether the clamp and the non-processing area interfere with the light path in the program movement process;

the accessibility of the water jet refers to whether the water jet can directly reach a treatment area under the action of the injection pressure and gravity to generate a continuous water constraint layer;

the stability of the water constraint layer refers to whether the water film formed by the water jet can keep consistency of the thickness of the water film under the action of the change of the outline boundary of the part and the gravity.

Step S5: the replicas were pre-tested through the whole sequence using a low energy laser of 0.2-0.5J and the results observed.

The step S5 further includes:

step S51: visually detecting whether the copy is ablated by laser;

step S52: confirming that the shot blasting area is an area to be strengthened and the pattern is regular and regular;

step S53: whether the motion trail of the replica has light beam and water flow interference or not and whether rigid body collision exists or not.

Step S6: if no problem is found, determining a laser peening program; if a problem is found, the process returns to step S4 to adjust the process until it is successful.

The working process and principle of the invention are as follows: the method utilizes the characteristics of high efficiency and accurate space reproduction of nonmetal 3D printing manufacturing to rapidly prototype and manufacture the aviation integral component with complex geometric appearance, long processing time and high part cost, and uses the replica as a test piece to test the accessibility of the light path.

Compared with the prior art, the invention also has the following advantages:

(1) the 3D printing-based laser peening process light path accessibility inspection method provided by the invention has the advantages of rapid prototyping manufacturing by nonmetal 3D printing, utilizes the nonmetal copies to check parameters such as light path accessibility and the like, and realizes the laser peening process design and detection of parts efficiently, reliably and economically.

(2) The 3D printing-based laser peening process light path accessibility inspection method provided by the invention utilizes the technical advantages of high nonmetal 3D manufacturing efficiency, accurate space replication and low cost, simultaneously considers the requirements of the laser peening process on the appearance of the part, and carries out rapid prototyping manufacturing on the aviation integral component with complex geometric appearance, long processing time consumption and high part cost.

(3) The method for testing the accessibility of the optical path of the laser peening process based on 3D printing uses the non-metal replica as a test piece to test the accessibility of the optical path, effectively solves the contradiction between the requirement of the process design on the appearance of the part and the time-consuming and expensive part processing, can greatly improve the efficiency of the process design and effectively reduce the cost, and is particularly suitable for parts of revolution bodies such as blisks and turbine disks of aircraft engines.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of verifying accessibility of an optical path as provided by the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the optical path interference provided by the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the stability of a water-binding layer provided by the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the motion interference provided by the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a flow chart of the method for checking the accessibility of the optical path of the laser peening process based on 3D printing provided by the invention.

The reference numerals in the above figures illustrate:

1-air inlet edge, 2-air outlet edge, 3-incident angle range which can be reached by upper partial light beam of air inlet edge, 4-incident angle range which can be reached by lower partial light beam, 5-incident angle range which can be reached by upper partial light beam of air outlet edge, 6-incident angle range which can be reached by lower partial light beam, 7-laser beam, 8- posture, 9-second posture, 10-air outlet edge to-be-treated area, 11-water spray conduit, 12-falling water drop, 13-laser nozzle, 14-to-be-treated guide vane, 15-air outlet edge laser penetration damage and 16-air inlet edge laser penetration damage.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further illustrated in below by referring to the accompanying drawings and examples.