阅读说明：本技术 基于超声和机械搅拌的硼化钛增强铝基复合材料制备方法 (Preparation method of titanium boride reinforced aluminum-based composite material based on ultrasonic and mechanical stirring ) 是由 蒋日鹏 李晓谦 黄凯 张立华 李瑞卿 刘峙麟 于 2019-11-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及金属合金材料制备领域,公开了基于超声和机械搅拌的硼化钛增强铝基复合材料制备方法,将氟钛酸钾、氟硼酸钾反应盐粉末、氟铝酸钠粉末通过机械搅拌充分混合干燥备用；铝合金铸锭放入石墨坩埚内,加热至铝熔体的温度稳定在800～850℃,将干燥好的混合粉末加入至铝熔体中,并进行机械搅拌,待复合材料温度冷却至720℃时,撇去浮渣,浇入到石墨模具中冷却；将冷却的样品重新放入石墨坩埚内,用电阻炉加热至融化,同时加入高能超声辐射杆至混合熔体中对混合熔体进行超声处理,待超声处理时间结束,将混合熔体浇注至石墨模具,并立即用液氮冷却样品,以此获得的纳米硼化钛增强铝基复合材料中的纳米TiB<Sub>2</Sub>颗粒分布均匀,无团聚现象。(The invention relates to the field of metal alloy material preparation, and discloses a method for preparing titanium boride reinforced aluminum-based composite material based on ultrasonic and mechanical stirring, which comprises the steps of fully mixing potassium fluotitanate, potassium fluoborate reaction salt powder and sodium fluoroaluminate powder through mechanical stirring and drying for later use; placing an aluminum alloy ingot into a graphite crucible, heating until the temperature of an aluminum melt is stabilized at 800-850 ℃, adding the dried mixed powder into the aluminum melt, mechanically stirring, skimming scum when the temperature of the composite material is cooled to 720 ℃, pouring the composite material into a graphite mold, and cooling; putting the cooled sample into a graphite crucible again, heating the sample by using a resistance furnace until the sample is melted, and adding a high-energy ultrasonic radiation rod into the mixed meltCarrying out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed melt, pouring the mixed melt into a graphite mold after the ultrasonic treatment time is over, immediately cooling a sample by using liquid nitrogen, and thus obtaining the nano TiB in the nano titanium boride reinforced aluminum-based composite material 2 The particles are uniformly distributed and have no agglomeration phenomenon.)

1. The preparation method of the titanium boride reinforced aluminum matrix composite material based on ultrasonic and mechanical stirring is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: weighing a certain mass of aluminum alloy ingot for later use;

s2: by pre-forming 3 vol% of TiB in a reinforced aluminum matrix composite₂Weighing potassium fluotitanate and potassium fluoborate reaction salt powder by using particles, wherein the mass of cosolvent sodium fluoaluminate powder is 10 percent of the total mass of two reaction salts of potassium fluotitanate and potassium fluoborate, fully mixing by mechanical stirring, and drying in a drying furnace at the temperature of 200-300 ℃ for 1-2 hours for later use;

s3: putting the weighed aluminum alloy ingot into a graphite crucible, heating the aluminum alloy ingot by using a resistance furnace, adding the dried mixed powder into an aluminum melt when the temperature of the aluminum melt is stabilized at 800-850 ℃, mechanically stirring the aluminum melt, skimming scum when the temperature of the composite material is cooled to 720 ℃, pouring the aluminum alloy ingot into a graphite mold preheated at 300 ℃ and cooling the aluminum alloy ingot;

s4: putting the cooled sample into a graphite crucible again, heating the sample to 720 ℃ by using a resistance furnace to melt the sample to form a mixed melt, adding a high-energy ultrasonic radiation rod into the mixed melt, controlling the ultrasonic frequency to be 18-20 KHz, the power to be 1-2 KW and the amplitude to be 10-15 mu m, controlling the immersion depth of the ultrasonic radiation rod to be 15-25 mm, and controlling the ultrasonic treatment time to be 30-240 s;

s5: and after the ultrasonic treatment time is finished, pouring the mixed melt into a graphite mold preheated at 300 ℃, and cooling by using liquid nitrogen to obtain the final nano titanium boride reinforced aluminum matrix composite.

2. The method for preparing titanium boride reinforced aluminum matrix composite based on ultrasonic and mechanical stirring as claimed in claim 1, wherein: one end of the ultrasonic radiation rod is connected into the ultrasonic transducer, and the other end of the ultrasonic radiation rod is immersed into the mixed melt in the graphite crucible; the transducer is electrically connected with the ultrasonic power supply.

3. The method for preparing titanium boride reinforced aluminum matrix composite based on ultrasonic and mechanical stirring as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the aluminum alloy ingot is 2Al4 aluminum alloy.

4. The method for preparing titanium boride reinforced aluminum matrix composite based on ultrasonic and mechanical stirring as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein: and S3, controlling the adding time of the reaction salt and the cosolvent to be 15-25S, and mechanically stirring by using a stirrer when the reaction salt and the cosolvent are added, wherein the stirring speed is 150rpm, and the stirring time is 30 min.

5. The method for preparing titanium boride reinforced aluminum matrix composite based on ultrasonic and mechanical stirring as claimed in claim 4, wherein: a thermocouple for measuring the temperature of the mixed melt is arranged in the graphite crucible, the signal output end of the thermocouple is electrically connected with a data acquisition unit, and the data acquisition unit is in communication connection with a computer terminal.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of metal alloy material preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a titanium boride reinforced aluminum matrix composite material based on ultrasonic and mechanical stirring.

Background

The ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite has the advantages of high specific modulus, high hardness, high wear resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, automobile manufacturing and the like. Titanium boride (TiB)₂) The composite material has the characteristics of high hardness, high thermal stability, corrosion resistance, no interface reaction with aluminum melt, good chemical stability and the like, and becomes a hotspot in the research of particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite materials. TiB₂The nano particles are tightly combined with the alloy matrix, so that the properties of the matrix such as elastic modulus, yield strength, wear resistance and the like can be obviously improved.

However, a number of studies have shown that TiB is prepared by conventional addition methods₂The wettability of the nano particles and the aluminum melt is poor, so that the nano particles are difficult to enter the aluminum melt; TiB prepared by in situ method₂The nano particles have the problems of particle agglomeration, low particle yield and the like in the aluminum melt, which has adverse effect on the performance improvement of the aluminum matrix composite.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a titanium boride reinforced aluminum matrix composite material based on ultrasonic and mechanical stirring, which comprises the steps of uniformly mixing reaction salt and cosolvent powder, adding the reaction salt and the cosolvent powder into an aluminum melt, increasing the contact area of the reaction salt in a molten state and the aluminum melt in a mechanical stirring manner by using a stirrer, accelerating the reaction rate, promoting the reaction, improving the yield of reactants, skimming scum, pouring into a mold and cooling; remelting the cooled sample, and performing ultrasonic treatment on the remelted mixed melt by using a high-energy ultrasonic radiation rodTreating, pouring into a mold, cooling with liquid nitrogen, and finally obtaining the nano TiB in the nano titanium boride reinforced aluminum-based composite material₂The particles are uniformly distributed and have no agglomeration phenomenon.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

the preparation method of the titanium boride reinforced aluminum-based composite material based on ultrasonic and mechanical stirring comprises the following steps:

s1: weighing a certain mass of aluminum alloy ingot for later use;

s2: by pre-forming 3 vol% of TiB in a reinforced aluminum matrix composite₂Weighing potassium fluotitanate and potassium fluoborate reaction salt powder by using particles, wherein the mass of cosolvent sodium fluoaluminate powder is 10 percent of the total mass of two reaction salts of potassium fluotitanate and potassium fluoborate, fully mixing by mechanical stirring, and drying in a drying furnace at the temperature of 200-300 ℃ for 1-2 hours for later use;

s3: putting the weighed aluminum alloy ingot into a graphite crucible, heating the aluminum alloy ingot by using a resistance furnace, adding the dried mixed powder into an aluminum melt when the temperature of the aluminum melt is stabilized at 800-850 ℃, mechanically stirring the aluminum melt, skimming scum when the temperature of the composite material is cooled to 720 ℃, pouring the aluminum alloy ingot into a graphite mold preheated at 300 ℃ and cooling the aluminum alloy ingot;

s4: putting the cooled sample into a graphite crucible again, heating the sample to 720 ℃ by using a resistance furnace to melt the sample to form a mixed melt, adding a high-energy ultrasonic radiation rod into the mixed melt, controlling the ultrasonic frequency to be 18-20 KHz, the power to be 1-2 KW and the amplitude to be 10-15 mu m, controlling the immersion depth of the ultrasonic radiation rod to be 15-25 mm, and controlling the ultrasonic treatment time to be 30-240 s;

s5: and after the ultrasonic treatment time is finished, pouring the mixed melt into a graphite mold preheated at 300 ℃, and cooling by using liquid nitrogen to obtain the final nano titanium boride reinforced aluminum matrix composite.

Furthermore, one end of the ultrasonic radiation rod is connected into the ultrasonic transducer, and the other end of the ultrasonic radiation rod is immersed into the mixed melt in the graphite crucible; the transducer is electrically connected with the ultrasonic power supply.

Further, the aluminum alloy ingot was a 2Al4 aluminum alloy.

Further, in the step S3, the adding time of the reaction salt and the cosolvent is controlled to be 15-25S, and a stirrer is used for mechanical stirring when the reaction salt and the cosolvent are added, wherein the stirring speed is 150rpm, and the stirring time is 30 min.

Furthermore, a thermocouple for measuring the temperature of the mixed melt is arranged in the graphite crucible, the signal output end of the thermocouple is electrically connected with a data collector, and the data collector is in communication connection with a computer terminal.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1) firstly, uniformly mixing reaction salt and cosolvent powder, then adding the reaction salt and the cosolvent powder into an aluminum melt, simultaneously adopting a stirrer to increase the contact area of the reaction salt in a molten state and the aluminum melt in a mechanical stirring manner, accelerating the reaction rate, promoting the reaction to proceed, improving the yield of reactants, and then skimming scum and pouring the scum into a mold for cooling; remelting the cooled sample, performing ultrasonic treatment on the remelted mixed melt by using a high-energy ultrasonic radiation rod, pouring the mixture into a mold, cooling the mixture by using liquid nitrogen, and finally obtaining the nano TiB in the nano titanium boride reinforced aluminum-based composite material₂The particles are uniformly distributed and have no agglomeration phenomenon.

2) The fine mesh Cu in the microstructure of the aluminum-based composite material obtained by the invention₂Al phase distributed in Al base, nano TiB₂The particles are uniformly distributed and have no agglomeration phenomenon; the process is safe, reliable, economical, efficient and simple to operate.

3) The composite material is subjected to mechanical property detection, and compared with the composite material prepared by a common method, the composite material prepared by the technical scheme of the patent has the advantages that the performance is greatly improved, the yield strength, the tensile strength and the hardness are respectively improved by 54%, 21% and 27%, meanwhile, the abrasion quality is reduced by 37%, and the abrasion resistance is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a process for preparing TiB according to the present invention₂A mechanical stirring schematic diagram of the/2A 14 aluminum matrix composite material;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the preparation of TiB according to the present invention₂Ultrasonic treatment of/2A 14 aluminum matrix compositesA schematic diagram;

FIG. 3 is a process for preparing TiB according to the present invention₂The microstructure of the/2A 14 aluminum matrix composite;

wherein, 1, a stirrer; 2. a graphite crucible; 3. a reaction salt; 4. an aluminum melt; 5. mixing the melt; 6. a resistance furnace; 7. an ultrasonic power supply; 8. a transducer; 9. an ultrasonic radiation rod; 10. a thermocouple; 11. a data acquisition unit; 12. and (4) a computer terminal.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not used as limitations of the present invention.