Method for texturing surface of laser-etched aluminum alloy
阅读说明：本技术 一种激光刻蚀铝合金表面纹理化的方法 (Method for texturing surface of laser-etched aluminum alloy ) 是由 李绍龙 杨文锋 侯秋园 刘畅 张殊伦 李佐 钱自然 付蝉媛 于 2019-10-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种激光刻蚀铝合金表面纹理化的方法,属于飞机铝合金蒙皮加工技术领域,所述方法包括采用激光处理装置中的振镜控制激光的扫描路径,在飞机铝合金蒙皮表面刻蚀出不同的纹理表面,扫描速度2000mm/s,频率90kHz,脉宽0.35μs,扫描次数1次,间距0.3mm,光斑直径50μm,功率24W。通过改变激光的扫描路径使铝合金表面刻蚀出纹理结构,来增加铝合金蒙皮的面粗糙度,表面浸润性,以此来增加铝合金表面涂层的附着力。(The invention provides a method for laser etching aluminum alloy surface texturing, which belongs to the technical field of airplane aluminum alloy skin processing, and comprises the steps of controlling a scanning path of laser by using a galvanometer in a laser processing device, etching different texture surfaces on the surface of an airplane aluminum alloy skin, wherein the scanning speed is 2000mm/s, the frequency is 90kHz, the pulse width is 0.35 mu s, the scanning frequency is 1 time, the interval is 0.3mm, the spot diameter is 50 mu m, and the power is 24W. The surface roughness and the surface wettability of the aluminum alloy skin are increased by changing the scanning path of the laser to etch a texture structure on the surface of the aluminum alloy, so that the adhesive force of the aluminum alloy surface coating is increased.)
1. A method for laser etching of aluminum alloy surface texturing is characterized by comprising the steps of controlling a scanning path of laser by a galvanometer in a laser processing device, etching different texture surfaces on the surface of an airplane aluminum alloy skin, wherein the scanning speed is 2000mm/s, the frequency is 90kHz, the pulse width is 0.35 mu s, the scanning times are 1 time, the interval is 0.3mm, the spot diameter is 50 mu m, and the power is 24W.
2. The method for laser etching aluminum alloy surface texturing according to claim 1, wherein pits generated on the surface of an aircraft aluminum alloy skin by laser are 45-55 μm in diameter, the pits are approximately circular in shape, and the pits are overlapped to form a scanning path.
3. The method for laser etching aluminum alloy surface texturing according to claim 2, characterized in that the pits have a diameter of 50 μm.
4. The method for texturing the surface of the laser-etched aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the textured surface is diamond-shaped.
5. The method for texturing the surface of the laser-etched aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the textured surface is square.
6. The method for laser etching aluminum alloy surface texturing according to claim 1 is characterized in that the laser processing device comprises an objective table, a laser processing head is arranged above the objective table and electrically connected with a computer server, the computer server is also electrically connected with a laser, the laser emits a laser beam to enter an input end of the laser processing head, the laser processing head irradiates the laser beam downwards on the surface of an aircraft aluminum alloy skin on the upper portion of the objective table, and the laser processing head is controlled by a six-axis mechanical arm.
7. The method for laser etching aluminum alloy surface texturing according to claim 5, wherein a fixed support is arranged at the lower part of the six-axis mechanical arm.
8. The method for carrying out laser etching on the surface texturing of the aluminum alloy is characterized in that a galvanometer used for adjusting a laser beam scanning path is arranged in the laser processing head.
9. The method for laser etching aluminum alloy surface texturing according to the claim 8, characterized in that a distance sensor for realizing automatic focusing is further arranged in the laser processing head.
10. The method for laser etching aluminum alloy surface texturing according to the claim 5, characterized in that the laser is a pulse laser, the wavelength is 1064nm, and the average power is 120W.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of processing of aircraft aluminum alloy skins, in particular to a method for texturing an aluminum alloy surface by laser etching.
Background
In order to improve the weather resistance, chemical resistance and corrosion resistance of the aircraft aluminum alloy skin, special aviation coating needs to be sprayed on the surface of the aircraft aluminum alloy skin, and the improvement of the adhesive force of the surface coating of the aluminum alloy skin is one of the hot spots of research in the field of civil aviation. The development of the novel coating is not only expensive in cost, but also long in period, and the surface modification of the aluminum alloy skin is an economic and effective method for increasing the adhesive force of the coating.
The surface treatment of the aluminum alloy by the chemical method needs to be carried out by processes of degreasing, pickling, cleaning and the like, but the waste liquid generated by the chemical method has great pollution to the environment. The chemical method increases the adhesive force, produces the waste liquid and causes the pollution to the environment, and the manual polishing has higher requirement for the proficiency of staff, and causes the influence to staff's health.
Application publication No. CN109719469A discloses a texture surface processing method for improving the wear resistance of titanium alloy, which comprises the following steps: physically grinding the surface of the titanium alloy base material by using a honing machine; cleaning and drying the ground titanium alloy base material in an ultrasonic cleaning machine by adopting a cleaning solution; processing the surface of the titanium alloy substrate by using a laser marking machine according to a processing scheme; polishing the surface of the processed titanium alloy base material by adopting a fine polishing method; and cleaning the polished titanium alloy substrate in an ultrasonic cleaning machine by using a cleaning solution and drying. The surface of the titanium alloy base material with different surface properties is obtained by controlling the processing parameters of the laser technology, the properties of the surface of the titanium alloy base material, such as local hardness, roughness, local elastic modulus and the like, are different, and the titanium alloy base material can obtain a lower friction coefficient when used for friction of industrial equipment, shows better abrasion resistance and can bear higher working load.
Application publication No. CN109514174A discloses a laser texturing and anodizing surface treatment comprising the steps of: providing an article having a metal surface; texturing the surface using a laser to create a controlled pattern across the surface; and anodizing the surface. The controlled pattern may comprise a series of pits etched in a predetermined repeating pattern across the surface, such as an array of dots or a grid. The controlled pattern may also include a series of pits etched in a predetermined pseudo-random pattern across the surface. The use thereof is for polishing metal surfaces.
There are no reports on increasing the adhesion of aluminum alloy surface coatings by laser etching of texturing.
Disclosure of Invention
When the adhesive force of the surface coating of the aluminum alloy skin needs to be improved, the cost for developing the novel coating is high, and the period is long; the invention aims to provide a method for texturing the surface of an aluminum alloy by laser etching, which aims to increase the surface roughness and surface wettability of an aluminum alloy skin by changing the scanning path of laser to etch a texture structure on the surface of the aluminum alloy so as to increase the adhesive force of a coating on the surface of the aluminum alloy.
A method for laser etching of aluminum alloy surface texturing comprises the steps of controlling a scanning path of laser by using a galvanometer in a laser processing device, etching different texture surfaces on the surface of an aircraft aluminum alloy skin, wherein the scanning speed is 2000mm/s, the frequency is 90kHz, the pulse width is 0.35 mu s, the scanning times are 1 time, the interval is 0.3mm, the diameter of a light spot is 50 mu m, and the power is 24W.
In the technical scheme of this application, through the scanning route of galvanometer control laser, scanning speed 2000mm/s, frequency 90kHz, the pulse width 0.35 mus, scanning number of
Preferably, the diameter of a pit generated on the surface of the aircraft aluminum alloy skin by the laser is 45-55 μm, the shape of the pit is approximately circular, and the pits are overlapped to form a scanning path.
More preferably, the pits have a diameter of 50 μm. The depth of the pit can be adjusted by adjusting the power of the laser; the path is formed by overlapping pits, and the overlapping rate of light spots can be changed by controlling the pulse frequency and the scanning moving speed, so that the roughness of the surface is influenced.
Preferably, the textured surface is diamond shaped. The diamond shape has the best roughness and wettability, and is most beneficial to increasing the adhesion of the coating.
Preferably, the textured surface is square. The surface texturing process was performed using a 1064nm pulsed laser device, the scan path being a straight line formed by the superposition of spots. The surface of the aircraft aluminum alloy skin is processed according to a preset scanning path, so that square staggered lines and square texture structures are formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy, the surface roughness and the surface wettability of the aluminum alloy skin are increased, and the adhesive force of the aluminum alloy surface coating is increased.
Preferably, the laser processing device includes the objective table, the top of objective table is provided with the laser beam processing head, the laser beam processing head is connected with the computer server electricity, the computer server still is connected with the laser instrument electricity, laser instrument transmission laser beam gets into the input of laser beam processing head, the laser beam processing head with the laser beam shine downwards in aircraft aluminum alloy skin surface on objective table upper portion, the laser beam processing head is controlled by six arm of mechanical. The method comprises the steps of inputting graphs needing surface treatment on the aluminum alloy skin of the airplane into a computer server in advance, adjusting a scanning path by a galvanometer, controlling the size of a light spot by replacing a field lens and adjusting power, changing the overlapping rate of the light spot by controlling pulse frequency and scanning moving speed, adjusting the power of a laser by the computer server, adjusting a proper position of a dynamic laser processing head controlled by a six-axis mechanical arm on a sample to be treated, and controlling the laser to emit light at a part needing etching by the computer server to finish etching.
More preferably, a fixed support is arranged at the lower part of the six-axis mechanical arm.
More preferably, a galvanometer for adjusting a scanning path of the laser beam is provided in the laser processing head.
More preferably, a distance sensor for realizing automatic focusing is further arranged in the laser processing head. The distance sensor can realize automatic focusing.
Preferably, the laser is a pulse laser, the wavelength is 1064nm, and the average power is 120W.
In the technical scheme of the application:
the distance between each scanned parallel line is 300 μm;
the laser is a 120W infrared fiber laser;
the textured coating can be directly sprayed without any treatment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the surface roughness and the surface wettability of the aluminum alloy skin are increased by changing the scanning path of laser to etch a texture structure on the surface of the aluminum alloy so as to increase the adhesive force of the surface coating of the aluminum alloy;
(2) the depth of the pit can be adjusted by adjusting the power of the laser; the path is formed by overlapping pits, and the overlapping rate of light spots can be changed by controlling the pulse frequency and the scanning moving speed, so that the roughness of the surface is influenced;
(3) the surface texturing process was performed using a 1064nm pulsed laser device, the scan path being a straight line formed by the superposition of spots. Processing the surface of the aluminum alloy according to a preset scanning path to form square staggered lines and square texture structures on the surface of the aluminum alloy so as to increase the surface roughness and surface wettability of the aluminum alloy skin and increase the adhesive force of the surface coating of the aluminum alloy;
(4) the diamond has the best roughness and wettability, and is most beneficial to increasing the adhesive force of the coating;
(5) the existing laser technology generally treats the surface of the aluminum alloy in a mode of completely treating the surface of the aluminum alloy as much as possible, and the treatment causes overlarge roughness, so that the coating cannot permeate into a groove etched by laser, and the adhesive force of the coating is influenced. Compared with the prior art, the texturing treatment of the surface of the aluminum alloy can select corresponding patterns according to the viscosity of the coating, and the roughness of the surface of the aluminum alloy skin is changed by controlling the scanning distance, replacing a field lens and the like, so that the bonding force between the coating and the base material is maximized;
(6) the method comprises the steps of inputting graphs needing surface treatment on the aluminum alloy skin of the airplane into a computer server in advance, adjusting a scanning path by a galvanometer, controlling the size of a light spot by replacing a field lens and adjusting power, changing the overlapping rate of the light spot by controlling pulse frequency and scanning moving speed, adjusting the power of a laser by the computer server, adjusting a proper position of a dynamic laser processing head controlled by a six-axis mechanical arm on a sample to be treated, and controlling the laser to emit light at a part needing etching by the computer server to finish etching.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the laser processing apparatus of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a diamond-shaped textured surface structure of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a square textured surface structure of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional profile of an original surface of an aluminum alloy skin surface of an aircraft according to the present application;
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional profile of a diamond shape after surface treatment of an aircraft aluminum alloy skin according to the present application;
FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional profile of a square after surface treatment of an aircraft aluminum alloy skin according to the present application.
Reference numerals: the method comprises the following steps of 1-a laser, 2-a six-axis mechanical arm, 3-a laser processing head, 4-a sample to be processed, 5-an objective table, 6-a fixed support and 7-a computer server.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention is provided with reference to specific embodiments.
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