阅读说明：本技术 一种电弧激光同轴送丝送粉打印喷头及增材制造装置 (Coaxial wire and powder feeding printing nozzle and additive manufacturing device for arc laser ) 是由 李保强 张丽娟 方学伟 王博文 郑龙飞 杨健楠 卢秉恒 于 2019-10-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种电弧激光同轴送丝送粉打印喷头及增材制造装置,利用同轴嵌套设置的送丝通道管和送粉通道管形成同轴输送丝材和粉末的打印结构,能够使焊丝和粉末沿同轴线输出,在送丝通道管和送粉通道管上端设置焊丝驱动装置和光镜结构,利用光镜结构形成激光束聚焦的光斑与送丝通道管和送粉通道管出口的焊丝和粉末束流同轴,从而达到同时送丝和送粉同时对同轴上的焊丝和粉末进行熔融成形的目的,成形颗粒增强金属基复合材料,可以成形任意材料成形,将电弧增材低成本、高效率的优势和激光增材的高精度的优势相结合,结构简单,使用方便。(The invention discloses an electric arc laser coaxial wire and powder feeding printing nozzle and an additive manufacturing device, wherein a printing structure for coaxially feeding wires and powder is formed by utilizing a wire feeding channel pipe and a powder feeding channel pipe which are coaxially nested, welding wires and powder can be output along a coaxial line, a welding wire driving device and a light mirror structure are arranged at the upper ends of the wire feeding channel pipe and the powder feeding channel pipe, and a laser beam focused light spot is formed by utilizing the light mirror structure to be coaxial with the welding wires and powder beams at the outlets of the wire feeding channel pipe and the powder feeding channel pipe, so that the aim of simultaneously carrying out fusion forming on the coaxial welding wires and powder by wire feeding and powder feeding is fulfilled.)

1. An electric arc laser coaxial wire feeding and powder feeding printing nozzle is characterized by comprising an inner cavity flow guide device (82), a welding wire driving device (83) and an optical lens structure (84);

the inner cavity flow guide device (82) comprises a wire feeding channel pipe (828) and a powder feeding channel pipe (829), the wire feeding channel pipe (828) is nested in the powder feeding channel pipe (829), the wire feeding channel pipe (828) and the powder feeding channel pipe (829) are coaxially arranged, the wire feeding channel pipe (828) is of a through structure, the upper end of the wire feeding channel pipe (828) is a wire feeding inlet, the lower end of the wire feeding channel pipe (828) is a wire feeding outlet, the powder feeding channel pipe (829) is a double-layer pipe wall, a powder feeding channel is arranged between the double-layer pipe walls of the powder feeding channel pipe (829), the side wall of the powder feeding channel pipe (829) is provided with a powder feeding inlet (825) communicated with the powder feeding channel, the lower end of the powder feeding channel pipe (829) is provided with a powder feeding outlet, and the wire feeding outlet of the wire feeding channel pipe (828) is flush with the powder feeding;

the welding wire driving device (83) is fixed at the upper end of the wire feeding channel pipe (828), and a wire feeding outlet of the welding wire driving device (83) is aligned with a wire feeding inlet at the upper end of the wire feeding channel pipe (828); an optical mirror arrangement (84) is used to focus the laser beam on the wire feed outlet and powder feed outlet axis.

2. The coaxial wire-feeding and powder-feeding printing nozzle of claim 1, wherein the optical lens structure (84) comprises a beam splitter (841) and a reflector (842), the beam splitter (841) is fixed at the upper end of the wire driving device (83), the reflector (842) is arranged around the beam splitter (841), the beam splitter (841) disperses the laser beam to the reflector (842) around the beam splitter (841), and the dispersed laser beam is focused at the lower end of the powder feeding outlet or the wire feeding outlet through the reflector (842).

3. The coaxial wire-feeding and powder-feeding arc laser printing nozzle as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a nozzle protecting sleeve (81), wherein the optical lens structure (84) is fixed at the upper end of the nozzle protecting sleeve (81) through an optical lens bracket, the spectroscope (841) is fixed at the middle of the optical lens bracket, the vertical incident laser beam is dispersed into a horizontal laser beam by the spectroscope (841), the spectroscope (841) is fixed around the spectroscope (841), the horizontal laser beam is converged at the lower end of the powder-feeding outlet by the plurality of spectroscopes (841), the welding wire driving device (83) is fixed at the lower end of the optical lens bracket, the welding wire driving device (83) is located at the lower end of the spectroscope (841), and the inner cavity guiding device (82) is fixed at the lower end of the.

4. The coaxial wire-feeding and powder-feeding printing nozzle of claim 1, wherein the two ends of the wire-feeding channel tube (828) and the powder-feeding channel tube (829) are respectively connected through a connecting flange (826) and a connecting nozzle (827).

5. The coaxial wire feeding and powder feeding printing nozzle of the arc laser as claimed in claim 4, wherein a threaded through hole is formed in the middle of the connecting flange (826), connecting threads are formed on the outer side of the threaded through hole at the lower end of the connecting flange (826), the wire feeding channel pipe (828) is connected with the threaded through hole of the connecting flange (826), and the upper end of the powder feeding channel pipe (829) is connected with the lower end of the connecting flange (826) through threads.

6. The coaxial wire-feeding and powder-feeding printing nozzle of arc laser as claimed in claim 4, wherein the connecting nozzle (827) is provided with a wire outlet (80) in the middle, the upper end of the connecting nozzle (827) is provided with an internal thread in threaded connection with the outer side of the lower end of the powder-feeding channel tube (829), and the connecting nozzle (827) is provided with a powder outlet.

7. The coaxial wire-feeding and powder-feeding printing nozzle of arc laser according to claim 1, 2 or 4, wherein a cooling pipe is arranged outside the powder-feeding channel pipe (829), and a cooling liquid inlet (823) and a cooling liquid outlet (824) are formed in the side wall of the cooling pipe.

8. The coaxial wire-feeding and powder-feeding arc laser printing nozzle according to claim 7, wherein a shielding gas channel is sleeved outside the cooling tube, a shielding gas inlet (821) is formed in a side wall of the shielding gas channel, a shielding gas outlet is formed at a lower end of the shielding gas channel, and the shielding gas outlet is higher than the wire-feeding outlet.

9. The coaxial wire-feed powder-feed arc laser printing nozzle according to claim 2, wherein the beam splitter (841) has at least two beam splitter surfaces, and the reflector (842) is circular and rotationally symmetric around the central axis of the nozzle, and the reflector surfaces and the beam splitter surfaces face each other.

10. The additive manufacturing device of the arc laser coaxial wire feeding and powder feeding printing nozzle is characterized by comprising a robot (7), a computer (1), a motion control system (2) connected with the computer (1), a laser (3), a CMT arc welding machine (4), a powder feeding system (5) and an atmosphere control system (6), wherein the composite nozzle (8) is fixed on a robot arm of the robot (7), the laser (3) is fixed at the upper end of the composite nozzle (8), a laser beam of the laser (3) can enter a spectroscope (841) of the composite nozzle (8), the CMT arc welding machine (4) provides a welding arc for the system, a powder outlet of the powder feeding system (5) is communicated with a powder feeding inlet (825), and a gas outlet of the atmosphere control system (6) is communicated with a protective gas inlet (821).

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to an arc laser coaxial wire feeding and powder feeding printing nozzle and an additive manufacturing device.

Background

Additive manufacturing techniques can be classified into three categories, laser, electron beam and arc, according to heat sources, and the required materials are divided into powder materials and wire materials. Wire-feed type arc additive manufacturing and powder-feed type laser additive manufacturing have received great attention from the industry and scientific research institutions due to the great advantages in rapidly forming large-size integrated complex components.

Compared with powder materials, the arc additive manufacturing based on wire materials has the characteristics of high material utilization rate, high deposition rate, low equipment cost and the like, and has the outstanding advantages of higher efficiency, lower cost and the like in the aspect of forming large-size parts. The CMT electric arc avoids the defects of penetration of a traditional electric arc molten drop, much splashing and the like. However, arc additive parts have poor surface quality and require machining, and there are difficulties in forming materials such as Mo, W, metal matrix composites, and the like. Parts produced by laser powder feeding generally have few internal defects and high surface precision, but are not favorable for forming materials with low laser absorptivity, such as Cu and Mg. As can be seen, wire-fed arc additive manufacturing and powder-fed laser additive manufacturing still face a number of challenges when shaping metallic materials. The method has no advantages in the aspects of forming parts with complex shapes and forming parts with high surface quality, has limited selection range of forming materials, cannot adapt to the forming of various combined materials, and does not have a printing spray head structure capable of effectively realizing simultaneous wire feeding and powder feeding at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an arc laser coaxial wire feeding and powder feeding printing nozzle and an additive manufacturing device, which are used for solving the problems that the existing CMT arc-laser cannot be formed simultaneously and the selection range of forming materials is limited.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

an arc laser coaxial wire feeding and powder feeding printing nozzle comprises an inner cavity flow guide device, a welding wire driving device and a light lens structure;

the inner cavity flow guide device comprises a wire feeding channel pipe and a powder feeding channel pipe, the wire feeding channel pipe is nested in the powder feeding channel pipe, the wire feeding channel pipe and the powder feeding channel pipe are coaxially arranged, the wire feeding channel pipe is of a through structure, the upper end of the wire feeding channel pipe is a wire feeding inlet, the lower end of the wire feeding channel pipe is a wire feeding outlet, the powder feeding channel pipe is a double-layer pipe wall, a powder feeding channel is arranged between the double-layer pipe walls of the powder feeding channel pipe, the side wall of the powder feeding channel pipe is provided with a powder feeding inlet communicated with the powder feeding channel, the lower end of the powder feeding channel pipe is provided with a powder feeding outlet, and the wire feeding outlet of the wire feeding channel pipe;

the welding wire driving device is fixed at the upper end of the wire feeding channel pipe, a wire feeding outlet of the welding wire driving device is aligned with a wire feeding inlet at the upper end of the wire feeding channel pipe, and the optical lens structure is used for focusing laser beams on the axes of the wire feeding outlet and the powder feeding outlet.

Furthermore, the optical mirror structure comprises a spectroscope and a reflector, the spectroscope is fixed at the upper end of the welding wire driving device, the reflector is arranged around the spectroscope, the spectroscope disperses the laser beam to the reflector around the spectroscope, and the dispersed laser beam is focused at the lower end of the powder feeding outlet or the wire feeding outlet through the reflector.

Further, still include shower nozzle protective sleeve, the photoscope structure is fixed in shower nozzle protective sleeve upper end through the photoscope support, the spectroscope is fixed in the middle of the photoscope support, the spectroscope disperses vertical incident laser beam into horizontal laser beam, the spectroscope is fixed in the spectroscope around, a plurality of spectroscopes assemble horizontal laser beam in send powder export lower extreme, welding wire drive arrangement is fixed in photoscope support lower extreme, welding wire drive arrangement is located the spectroscope lower extreme, inner chamber guiding device is fixed in welding wire drive arrangement lower extreme.

Furthermore, two ends of the wire feeding channel pipe and two ends of the powder feeding channel pipe are respectively connected through a connecting flange and a connecting nozzle.

Furthermore, a threaded through hole is formed in the middle of the connecting flange, connecting threads are arranged on the outer side of the threaded through hole at the lower end of the connecting flange, the wire feeding channel pipe is connected with the threaded through hole of the connecting flange, and the upper end of the powder feeding channel pipe is connected with the lower end of the connecting flange through threads.

Furthermore, a welding wire outlet is arranged in the middle of the connecting nozzle, an internal thread in threaded connection with the outer side of the lower end of the powder feeding channel pipe is arranged at the upper end of the connecting nozzle, and a powder outlet is arranged on the connecting nozzle.

Furthermore, a cooling pipe is arranged on the outer side of the powder feeding channel pipe, and a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet are formed in the side wall of the cooling pipe.

Furthermore, a protective gas channel is sleeved on the outer side of the cooling pipe, a protective gas inlet (821) is formed in the side wall of the protective gas channel, a protective gas outlet is formed in the lower end of the protective gas channel, and the protective gas outlet is higher than the wire feeding outlet.

Furthermore, the spectroscope has two beam splitting mirror surfaces at least, and the reflector shape is circular, around shower nozzle axis rotational symmetry, reflector mirror surface and the beam splitting mirror surface that faces towards the spectroscope.

The utility model provides a vibration material disk device of coaxial send silk of electric arc laser powder feeding printing shower nozzle, including the robot, the computer and the motion control system who is connected with the computer, the laser instrument, CMT electric arc welding machine, powder feeding system and atmosphere control system, compound shower nozzle is fixed in on the robot arm, the laser instrument is fixed in compound shower nozzle upper end, the laser beam of laser instrument can get into on the spectroscope of compound shower nozzle, CMT electric arc welding machine provides welding arc for the system, powder feeding system's powder outlet and powder feeding entry intercommunication, atmosphere control system's gas outlet and protective gas entry intercommunication.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

the invention relates to an arc laser coaxial wire feeding and powder feeding printing nozzle, which utilizes a wire feeding channel pipe and a powder feeding channel pipe which are coaxially nested to form a printing structure for coaxially feeding wires and powder, can output the wires and the powder along a coaxial line, the upper ends of the wire feeding channel pipe and the powder feeding channel pipe are provided with a wire driving device and a light mirror structure, and a laser beam focused light spot is formed by the light mirror structure to be coaxial with the wires and the powder beams at the outlets of the wire feeding channel pipe and the powder feeding channel pipe, so that the aim of simultaneously feeding wires and feeding powder and simultaneously melting and forming the coaxial wires and powder is achieved.

Furthermore, the optical mirror structure comprises a spectroscope and a reflector, the spectroscope is fixed at the upper end of the welding wire driving device, the reflector is arranged around the spectroscope, the spectroscope disperses the laser beam to the reflector around the spectroscope, the dispersed laser beam is focused at the lower end of the powder feeding outlet or the wire feeding outlet through the reflector, and the laser beam enters from the upper end of the spray head and is output from the lower end by utilizing the spectroscope and the reflector structure, so that the size of the spray head structure is reduced.

Furthermore, a nozzle protection sleeve structure is used for providing a protection cavity for the inner cavity flow guide device, the welding wire driving device and the optical lens structure, so that external environment interference is avoided.

Furthermore, the two ends of the wire feeding channel pipe and the two ends of the powder feeding channel pipe are respectively connected with the connecting nozzle through the connecting flange, the connecting structure is simple, and the maintenance and the replacement are convenient.

Furthermore, a cooling pipe is arranged on the outer side of the powder feeding channel pipe, a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet are formed in the side wall of the cooling pipe, and the phenomenon that materials are bonded due to overheating of the powder feeding channel pipe and the wire feeding channel pipe can be effectively prevented.

Furthermore, the cooling pipe outside cover is equipped with the protective gas passageway, and the protective gas entry has been seted up to the lateral wall of protective gas passageway, and the protective gas passageway lower extreme is equipped with the protective gas export, and the protective gas export is higher than sending a export, utilizes the cooling pipe of nested structure, can make protective gas form the protective wall after flowing out from the protective gas passageway, becomes welding wire and powder welding atmosphere, has avoided the integrated device to need get into the inert gas environment, has improved the printing shower nozzle suitability.

A material increase manufacturing device of an electric arc laser coaxial wire feeding and powder feeding printing nozzle utilizes a laser and a CMT arc welding machine to form an electric arc-laser coaxial wire feeding and powder feeding system, and utilizes the coaxial wire feeding and powder feeding printing nozzle to realize coaxial wire feeding and powder feeding, so that a particle reinforced metal matrix composite material is formed, and any material can be formed; the device combines the advantages of low cost and high efficiency of electric arc material increase and the advantage of high precision of laser material increase, can quickly form complex parts with high surface quality, has low manufacturing cost and high manufacturing efficiency, can also form and print wires or powder materials independently, and has wide application range.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an overall schematic view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the composite sprinkler head of the present invention.

Fig. 3 shows a connecting nozzle structure in the lumen flow guide device of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a computer; 2. a motion control system; 3. a laser; 4. a CMT arc welder; 5. a powder feeding system; 6. an atmosphere control system; 7. a robot; 8. a composite spray head; 80. a welding wire outlet; 81. a nozzle protection sleeve; 82. an inner cavity flow guide device; 821. a shielding gas inlet; 822. a shielding gas outlet; 823. a cooling liquid inlet; 824. a cooling liquid outlet; 825. a powder feeding inlet; 826. a connecting structure; 827. connecting a nozzle; 828. a wire feed channel tube; 829. a powder feeding passage pipe; 83. a welding wire drive device; 84. an optical mirror structure; 841. a beam splitter; 842. a mirror.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying fig. 1-3 and specific embodiments, which are provided for illustration purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

An arc laser coaxial wire feeding and powder feeding printing nozzle comprises an inner cavity flow guide device 82, a welding wire driving device 83 and an optical lens structure 84;

the inner cavity flow guide device 82 comprises a wire feeding channel pipe 828 and a powder feeding channel pipe 829, the wire feeding channel pipe 828 is nested in the powder feeding channel pipe 829, the wire feeding channel pipe 828 and the powder feeding channel pipe 829 are coaxially arranged, the wire feeding channel pipe 828 is of a through structure, the upper end of the wire feeding channel pipe 828 is a wire feeding inlet, the lower end of the wire feeding channel pipe 828 is a wire feeding outlet, the powder feeding channel pipe 829 is a double-layer pipe wall, a powder feeding channel is formed between the double-layer pipe walls of the powder feeding channel pipe 829, the side wall of the powder feeding channel pipe 829 is provided with a powder feeding inlet 825 communicated with the powder feeding channel, the lower end of the powder feeding channel pipe 829 is provided with a powder feeding outlet, and the wire feeding outlet of the wire feeding channel pipe 828 and the powder;

the welding wire driving device 83 is fixed at the upper end of the wire feeding channel pipe 828 and provides welding wires for the wire feeding channel pipe 828;

the optical mirror structure 84 comprises a beam splitter 841 and a reflective mirror 842, the beam splitter 841 is fixed at the upper end of the welding wire driving device 83, the reflective mirror 842 is arranged around the beam splitter 841, the beam splitter 841 disperses the laser beam to the reflective mirror 842 around the beam splitter 841, and the dispersed laser beam is converged at the lower end of a powder feeding outlet or a wire feeding outlet through the reflective mirror 842;

still include shower nozzle protective sleeve 81, light mirror structure 84 is fixed in shower nozzle protective sleeve 81 upper end through the light mirror support, spectroscope 841 is fixed in the middle of the light mirror support, spectroscope 841 disperses vertical incident laser beam into horizontal laser beam, spectroscope 841 is fixed in spectroscope 841 around, a plurality of spectroscopes 841 assemble horizontal laser beam in send whitewashed export lower extreme, welding wire drive arrangement 83 is fixed in light mirror support lower extreme, welding wire drive arrangement 83 is located spectroscope 841 lower extreme, inner chamber guiding device 82 is fixed in welding wire drive arrangement 83 lower extreme.

Two ends of the wire feeding channel pipe 828 and the powder feeding channel pipe 829 are respectively connected through a connecting flange 826 and a connecting nozzle 827, a threaded through hole is formed in the middle of the connecting flange 826, connecting threads are arranged on the outer side of the threaded through hole at the lower end of the connecting flange 826, the wire feeding channel pipe 828 is connected with the threaded through hole of the connecting flange 826, and the upper end of the powder feeding channel pipe 829 is connected with the lower end of the connecting flange 826 through threads; the middle of the connecting nozzle 827 is provided with a welding wire outlet 80, the upper end of the connecting nozzle 827 is provided with an internal thread which is in threaded connection with the outer side of the lower end of the powder feeding channel pipe 829, and the connecting nozzle 827 is provided with a powder outlet.

A cooling pipe is arranged on the outer side of the powder feeding channel pipe 829, and a cooling liquid inlet 823 and a cooling liquid outlet 824 are formed in the side wall of the cooling pipe and used for cooling the powder feeding channel and the wire feeding channel of the cooling pipe so as to prevent overheating;

the outer side of the cooling pipe is sleeved with a protective gas channel, the side wall of the protective gas channel is provided with a protective gas inlet 821, the lower end of the protective gas channel is provided with a protective gas outlet, the protective gas outlet is higher than the wire feeding outlet, and protective gas flows out of the protective gas channel to form a protective wall to form a welding wire and powder welding atmosphere.

The welding wire drive unit 83 includes a drive motor and a feed roller coupled to an output shaft of the drive motor, and a feed roller outlet is aligned with a feed inlet at an upper end of the feed channel tube 828.

A part of no-light area is arranged at the lower end of the spectroscope 841 of the spray head protective sleeve 81, namely the area between the reflective rays at the innermost sides of the reflectors around the spectroscope 841; the lumen flow guide 82 and the welding wire drive 83 are located in the dull area inside the nozzle protection sleeve 81; the middle of the wire feeding channel pipe 828 is a wire feeding channel which is centered and surrounded by parallel powder feeding channels, and the two channels are coaxial.

The beam splitter 841 has at least two beam splitter mirror surfaces, the reflector 842 is circular and symmetrical around the central axis of the nozzle, and the reflector mirror surfaces and the beam splitter mirror surfaces facing the reflector can receive laser in any direction in the horizontal plane. The motor in the wire drive 83 is a stepper motor that can be rotated in forward and reverse directions to cooperate with the CMT welder. The light inlet of the optical lens structure 84 is located at the center of the upper end face, the light outlet is located at the lower end face, and the light spot focused by the laser through the light outlet is coaxial with the powder beam and the welding wire.

The material of the inner cavity flow guide device 82 and the nozzle protection sleeve 81 adopts nickel-based or cobalt-based high-temperature material, red copper or high-temperature resistant ceramic material.

The additive manufacturing device based on the composite nozzle comprises a motion control system 2, a laser 3, a CMT (China mechanical Transmission) arc welding machine 4, a powder feeding system 5, an atmosphere control system 6 and a robot 7, wherein the composite nozzle 8 is fixed on a robot arm of the robot 7 to realize the movement of the composite nozzle, the laser 3 is fixed at the upper end of the composite nozzle 8, a laser beam of the laser 3 can enter a spectroscope 841 of the composite nozzle 8, the CMT arc welding machine 4 provides welding arcs for the system, a powder outlet of the powder feeding system 5 is communicated with a powder feeding inlet 825, a gas outlet of the atmosphere control system 6 is communicated with a protective gas inlet 821, and the motion control system 2, the laser 3, the CMT arc welding machine 4, the powder feeding system 5 and the atmosphere control system 6 are all connected to a computer 1.

In the using process, the composite spray head is fixed on the robot arm of a robot 7 to realize the movement of the composite spray head, the laser 3 is fixed on the composite spray head 8 to enable laser beams to enter a spectroscope 841 of the composite spray head 8, a powder outlet of a powder feeding system 5 is communicated with a powder feeding inlet 825, a gas outlet of an atmosphere control system 6 is communicated with a protective gas inlet 821, welding wires are fed into a wire feeding channel pipe 828 through a welding wire driving device 83, formed powder is fed into a powder feeding channel pipe 829 through the powder feeding system 5, when the wire feeding outlet of the wire feeding channel pipe 828 and the powder feeding outlet of the powder feeding channel pipe 829 discharge simultaneously, the CMT arc welding machine 4 and the laser 3 are started simultaneously, arc deposition and laser simultaneous forming are carried out, so that arc-laser coaxial forming is completed, and the distance between the wire outlet/powder spraying port and a forming surface is 5-30 mm; the device has simple structure, can print wires or powder materials independently, and also can print wires and powder materials simultaneously, thereby forming the particle reinforced metal matrix composite material and forming any material; the device combines the advantages of low cost and high efficiency of electric arc additive manufacturing and the advantage of high precision of laser additive manufacturing, can quickly form complex parts with high surface quality, and has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, high manufacturing efficiency and better manufacturing quality.