阅读说明：本技术 一种光斑可变的激光切割头、切割设备及切割方法 (Laser cutting head with variable light spot, cutting equipment and cutting method ) 是由 李若涛 常勇 于 2021-09-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种光斑可变的激光切割头,包括发射端、第一透镜、第二透镜、还包括第一振子和第二振子。还公开了一种光斑可变的切割设备,包括机床工作台、龙门架、激光器和光斑可变的激光切割头。还公开了一种光斑可变的切割方法,包括以下步骤：发射激光光束；调整光斑；切割工件。本发明取得的有益效果：激光光束通过第一透镜和第二透镜折射后,调节光束至合适的入射角,起到提高激光切割性能的作用,实现调节光斑大小的功能。不需要改变激光光束入射角即可调节光斑大小,能防止调节割缝宽度的过程中影响激光光束的入射角,达到能够同时满足合理切割缝宽度和合理入射角要求的效果。(The invention discloses a laser cutting head with variable light spots, which comprises a transmitting end, a first lens, a second lens, a first vibrator and a second vibrator. The utility model also discloses a changeable cutting equipment of facula, including lathe workstation, portal frame, laser instrument and the changeable laser cutting head of facula. Also discloses a cutting method with variable light spots, which comprises the following steps: emitting a laser beam; adjusting light spots; and cutting the workpiece. The invention has the following beneficial effects: after the laser beam is refracted through the first lens and the second lens, the beam is adjusted to a proper incidence angle, the effect of improving the laser cutting performance is achieved, and the function of adjusting the size of the light spot is achieved. The size of the light spot can be adjusted without changing the incident angle of the laser beam, the incident angle of the laser beam can be prevented from being influenced in the process of adjusting the width of the cutting seam, and the effect of meeting the requirements of reasonable width of the cutting seam and reasonable incident angle can be achieved.)

1. A variable-spot laser cutting head (10) comprising an emitting end (11), a first lens (12) and a second lens (13), the first lens (12) being located between the emitting end (11) and the second lens (13), characterized in that: the laser beam collimator further comprises a first vibrator (16), the first vibrator (16) is connected with a second lens (13), the emitting end (11) emits a laser beam to penetrate through the first lens (12) and the second lens (13) to irradiate the surface of a workpiece to form a light spot (31), the first lens (12) is used for collimating the beam to form a parallel beam, the diameter of the light spot (31) is d2,

where d (core) is the beam diameter at the emitting end (11), f_focusIs the distance between the second lens (13) and the light spot (31), f_col.lensAlpha is the amplitude of the vibration of the first vibrator (16) and is the distance between the emitting end (11) and the first lens (12).

2. The variable spot laser cutting head (10) according to claim 2, wherein: the lens is characterized by further comprising a second vibrator (17), wherein the second vibrator (17) is connected with the second lens (13).

3. The variable spot laser cutting head (10) according to claim 2, wherein: the first vibrator (16) and the second vibrator (17) are located on one side in the radial direction of the second lens (13).

4. The variable spot laser cutting head (10) according to claim 2, wherein: the first vibrator (16) and the second vibrator (17) are arranged along the edge of the second lens (13), and the first vibrator (16) and the second vibrator (17) form an included angle of 90 degrees.

5. The variable spot laser cutting head (10) according to claim 2, wherein: the amplitude alpha of the first vibrator (16) and the second vibrator (17) is 0.1 um-50 um, and the vibration frequency of the first vibrator (16) and the second vibrator (17) is 20 kHz-50 kHz.

6. The variable spot laser cutting head (10) according to claim 2, wherein: the second lens (13) is connected with the first vibrator (16) and the second vibrator (17) through the first elastic piece (18) and the second elastic piece (19) respectively, the two ends of the first elastic piece (18) are fixedly connected with the second lens (13) and the first vibrator (16) respectively, and the two ends of the second elastic piece (19) are fixedly connected with the second lens (13) and the second vibrator (17) respectively.

7. The variable spot laser cutting head (10) according to claim 2, wherein: the first lens (12) is a collimating lens, and the second lens (13) is a focusing lens.

8. The utility model provides a changeable cutting equipment of facula, includes lathe workstation (21), portal frame (22) and laser instrument (23), portal frame (22) and lathe workstation (21) sliding connection, its characterized in that: the laser cutting head (10) with the variable light spot according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the laser cutting head (10) with the variable light spot is installed on a portal frame (22), a conducting optical fiber (24) is arranged between the laser (23) and the laser cutting head (10) with the variable light spot, and two ends of the conducting optical fiber (24) are respectively connected with the laser (23) and the laser cutting head (10) with the variable light spot.

9. A cutting method with a variable light spot is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, emitting laser beams: the emitting end (11) emits laser beams to penetrate through the first lens (12) and the second lens (13) to irradiate the surface of a workpiece to form a light spot (31);

s2, adjusting light spot (31): the first vibrator (16) and the second vibrator (17) drive the second lens (13) to vibrate to adjust the diameter d2 of the light spot (31),

where d (core) is the beam diameter at the emitting end (11), f_focusIs the distance between the second lens (13) and the light spot (31), f_col.1ensAlpha is the vibration amplitude of the first vibrator (16) and the second vibrator (17) and is the distance between the transmitting end (11) and the first lens (12);

s3, cutting the workpiece: the laser irradiates the workpiece to melt the workpiece.

10. A cutting method with a variable light spot is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, emitting laser beams: the emitting end (11) emits laser beams to penetrate through the first lens (12) and the second lens (13) to irradiate the surface of a workpiece to form a light spot (31);

s2, adjusting light spot (31): the first vibrator (16) and the second vibrator (17) drive the second lens (13) to vibrate, the vibration amplitude of the first vibrator (16) is larger than that of the second vibrator (17), the vibration frequencies of the first vibrator (16) and the second vibrator (17) are the same, and the width of the light spot (31) in the vibration direction of the first vibrator (16) is d2₁，

The width of the light spot (31) in the vibration direction of the second vibrator (17) is d2₂，

Where d (core) is the beam diameter at the emitting end (11), f_focusIs the distance between the second lens (13) and the light spot (31), f_col.lensIs the distance between the emitting end (11) and the first lens (12), alpha₁Is the amplitude of vibration of the first vibrator (16), alpha₂Is the amplitude of the vibration of the second vibrator (17);

s3, cutting the workpiece: the laser irradiates the workpiece to melt the workpiece.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of laser cutting, in particular to a laser cutting head with variable light spots, cutting equipment and a cutting method.

Background

Laser cutting is realized by focusing laser beams on a workpiece, and the workpiece absorbs energy and the temperature is increased to melt the workpiece. The angle of incidence and the kerf width are important parameters in laser cutting. In order to increase the absorption rate of the energy by the workpiece, the laser beam needs to be adjusted to an appropriate incident angle, and in order to improve the cutting performance and the slag discharge efficiency for cutting the molten metal, a reasonable cutting slit width needs to be selected.

Japanese patent No. 5767315 discloses a beam shaping unit including a first optical lens, a second optical lens, and a focal length optical system. Because workpieces with different thicknesses need to be cut in the production process, when the laser beams irradiate the surfaces of the workpieces at a certain incident angle, the sizes of light spots on the surfaces of the workpieces with different thicknesses are different. The function of adjusting the incident angle of the light beam is realized by adjusting the positions of the first optical lens and the second optical lens, and the size of a light spot irradiated on a workpiece can be changed. Finally, the function of simultaneously adjusting the incident angle of the light beam and the size of the light spot is realized. However, in the cutting process, in order to meet the requirement of cutting performance, an appropriate incident angle is often required to be selected, and the incident angle of light to the material can be changed while the size of the light spot is changed by the method, that is, it is difficult to simultaneously set the most reasonable slot width and the most reasonable incident angle.

The Chinese patent with publication number CN106181025B discloses an up-and-down vibration auxiliary device for laser etching and a use method thereof. The cam shaft connected with the cam motor is vertical to the push rod, the upper end of the spring sleeved outside the push rod is fixedly connected with the supporting box body, and the lower end of the spring is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the push rod, so that the bottom end of the push rod is abutted against the side surface of the cam. And a position sensor is arranged on the camshaft sleeve fixed on the supporting box body. The difference of the long diameter and the short diameter of the cam is the maximum depth of the laser etching. The laser focuses on the surface of a workpiece, the control center grasps the current state of the cam according to signals of the position sensor, the motor is controlled, the short-diameter side and the long-diameter side of the cam are in contact with the bottom end of the push rod in turn, the workpiece steps along a cutting path along with the workbench and simultaneously vibrates up and down, and an ablation point of the laser beam on the workpiece is always at the laser focusing position. The vibration also accelerates the discharge of residue debris in the grooving, takes away a large amount of heat, and improves the laser etching efficiency and quality. In the above-mentioned published chinese invention patent, the cam drives the table and the workpiece to vibrate up and down, and although theoretically, the cam also has a function of changing the size of the light spot irradiated on the surface of the workpiece, the cam is limited by the weight of the table and the workpiece, which causes inconvenience in adjusting the size of the light spot, and also causes a problem of inconvenience in adjusting the width of the cutting seam due to easy abrasion.

There is a need for an apparatus that can meet both the requirements for a reasonable slit width and a reasonable angle of incidence.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention aims to provide a laser cutting head with a variable light spot, which comprises a transmitting end, a first lens, a second lens, a first oscillator and a second oscillator; the cutting equipment with the variable light spot comprises a machine tool workbench, a portal frame, a laser and a laser cutting head with the variable light spot; also discloses a cutting method with variable light spots, which comprises the following steps: and emitting laser beams, adjusting light spots and cutting the workpiece. The laser cutting head with the changeable light spot has the advantages of meeting the requirements of reasonable cutting seam width and reasonable incidence angle.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a laser cutting head with a variable light spot comprises an emitting end, a first lens and a second lens, wherein the first lens is positioned between the emitting end and the second lens, the laser cutting head further comprises a first vibrator, the first vibrator is connected with the second lens, a laser beam emitted by the emitting end penetrates through the first lens and the second lens to be irradiated to the surface of a workpiece to form the light spot, the first lens is used for collimating the light beam to form a parallel light beam, the diameter of the light spot is d2,

where d (core) is the beam diameter at the emitting end, f_focusIs the distance between the second lens and the spot, f_col.lensAlpha is the amplitude of the first vibrator vibration, which is the distance between the emitting end and the first lens.

By such an arrangement: the size of the light spot can be adjusted without changing the incident angle of the laser beam, so that the incident angle of the laser beam and the width of the slit can be respectively adjusted, the incident angle of the laser beam can be prevented from being influenced in the process of adjusting the width of the slit, and the effect of simultaneously meeting the requirements of reasonable width of the slit and reasonable incident angle is finally achieved.

Preferably, the lens further includes a second vibrator, and the second vibrator is connected to the second lens. By such an arrangement: utilize first oscillator and second oscillator drive the vibration of second lens simultaneously, play the effect that conveniently drives the vibration of second oscillator, have the advantage that conveniently adjusts the facula size.

Preferably, the first and second vibrators are located on one side in the radial direction of the second lens. By such an arrangement: the influence of the vibration of the second lens on the incident angle of the laser beam is prevented, the incident angle of the laser beam is kept stable, and the effect of ensuring the laser cutting performance is achieved.

Preferably, the first oscillator and the second oscillator are arranged along the edge of the second lens, and the first oscillator and the second oscillator form an included angle of 90 degrees. By such an arrangement: the energy density distribution of the light spots is more uniform, and the flatness of the surface of the slot is improved.

Preferably, the amplitudes α of the first and second oscillators are 0.1um to 50um, and the oscillation frequencies of the first and second oscillators are 20kHz to 50 kHz. By such an arrangement: the effect of conveniently adjusting the size of the light spot is achieved, the energy density distribution of the light spot is more uniform, and the flatness of the surface of the slot is improved.

Preferably, the second lens is respectively connected with the first vibrator and the second vibrator through a first elastic piece and a second elastic piece, two ends of the first elastic piece are respectively fixedly connected with the second lens and the first vibrator, and two ends of the second elastic piece are respectively fixedly connected with the second lens and the second vibrator. By such an arrangement: the first elastic member and the second elastic member accommodate vibration of the second lens, preventing the second lens from being caught.

Preferably, the first lens is a collimating lens, and the second lens is a focusing lens. By such an arrangement: the positions of the collimating lens and the focusing lens are adjusted in the axial direction, so that the function of adjusting the incident angle of the laser beam can be realized.

The utility model provides a changeable cutting equipment of facula, includes lathe workstation, portal frame and laser instrument, portal frame and lathe workstation sliding connection still include the changeable laser cutting head of facula among the above-mentioned, the changeable laser cutting head of facula is installed on the portal frame, be equipped with the conduction optic fibre between the changeable laser cutting head of laser instrument and facula, conduction optic fibre both ends are connected with the changeable laser cutting head of laser instrument and facula respectively. By such an arrangement: the size of facula is adjusted to the changeable laser cutting head in facula, adjusts the width size of slot to can ensure that the laser beam incident angle is in suitable angle, make cutting equipment can satisfy reasonable slot width and reasonable incident angle requirement simultaneously, play the effect that improves cutting equipment's cutting performance.

A variable spot cutting method, comprising the steps of:

s1, emitting laser beams: the transmitting end transmits a laser beam to pass through the first lens and the second lens to irradiate the surface of the workpiece to form a light spot;

s2, adjusting the light spot: the first vibrator and the second vibrator drive the second lens to vibrate to adjust the diameter d2 of the light spot,

where d (core) is the beam diameter at the emitting end, f_focusIs the distance between the second lens and the spot, f_col.lensAlpha is the distance between the emitting end and the first lens and alpha is the vibration of the first vibrator and the second vibratorAmplitude of motion;

s3, cutting the workpiece: the laser irradiates the workpiece to melt the workpiece.

By such an arrangement: the size of the light spot can be adjusted without changing the incident angle of the laser beam, so that the incident angle of the laser beam and the width of the slit can be respectively adjusted, the incident angle of the laser beam can be prevented from being influenced in the process of adjusting the width of the slit, and the effect of simultaneously meeting the requirements of reasonable width of the slit and reasonable incident angle is finally achieved.

A variable spot cutting method, comprising the steps of:

s1, emitting laser beams: the transmitting end transmits a laser beam to pass through the first lens and the second lens to irradiate the surface of the workpiece to form a light spot;

s2, adjusting the light spot: the first vibrator and the second vibrator drive the second lens to vibrate, the vibration amplitude of the first vibrator is larger than that of the second vibrator, the vibration frequencies of the first vibrator and the second vibrator are the same, and the width of a light spot in the vibration direction of the first vibrator is d2₁，

The width of the light spot in the second vibrator vibration direction is d2₂,

Where d (core) is the beam diameter at the emitting end, f_focusIs the distance between the second lens and the spot, f_col.lensIs the distance between the emitting end and the first lens, alpha₁Amplitude of vibration of the first vibrator, α₂The amplitude of the vibration of the second vibrator;

s3, cutting the workpiece: the laser irradiates the workpiece to melt the workpiece.

By such an arrangement: the function of changing the shape of the light spot is realized, so that the shape of the light spot can be suitable for different processing requirements, and the function of improving the applicability is achieved.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:

1. after the laser beam is refracted through the first lens and the second lens, the beam is adjusted to a proper incidence angle, and the effect of improving the laser cutting performance is achieved. When the diameter of the light spot needs to be adjusted, the first vibrator and the second vibrator drive the second lens to vibrate, so that the light spot reciprocates, the actual irradiation range of the light spot is enlarged, and the function of adjusting the size of the light spot is realized.

2. Through the size of adjusting the facula, make the size of laser cutting seam change, need not change the laser beam incident angle and can adjust the facula size to can adjust laser beam incident angle and slot width respectively, can prevent to adjust the in-process of slot width and influence laser beam's incident angle, finally reach the effect that can satisfy reasonable cutting seam width and reasonable incident angle requirement simultaneously.

3. The function of changing the shape of the light spot is realized, the shape of the light spot can be suitable for different processing requirements, so that the shape of the slot can be controlled more accurately, the light spot can be suitable for different cutting requirements, the effect of improving the applicability is achieved, and the advantage of high cutting efficiency is achieved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a laser cutting head with a variable light spot according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a first vibrator, a second vibrator, and a second lens in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of the state of light spots when the first vibrator and the second vibrator operate in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a cutting apparatus with a variable light spot according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic view of the state of light spots when the first vibrator and the second vibrator operate in embodiment 3 of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the state of the light spot when the first oscillator and the second oscillator operate in embodiment 4 of the present invention.

Wherein, the technical characteristics that each reference numeral refers to are as follows:

10. a laser cutting head; 11. a transmitting end; 12. a first lens; 13. a second lens; 14. a lens; 15. a connecting seat; 16. a first vibrator; 17. a second vibrator; 18. a first elastic member; 19. a second elastic member; 21. a machine tool table; 22. a gantry; 23. a laser; 24. a conducting optical fiber; 31. a light spot.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

Example 1:

referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, a laser cutting head 10 with a variable light spot comprises a housing, an emitting end 11, a first lens 12, a second lens 13, a first vibrator 16 and a second vibrator 17, wherein the emitting end 11, the first lens 12, the second lens 13, the first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17 are all mounted in the housing. The second lens 13 is a convex lens, the first lens 12 is located between the transmitting end 11 and the second lens 13, the first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17 are both connected with the second lens 13, the second lens 13 is respectively connected with the first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17 through the first elastic piece 18 and the second elastic piece 19, the first elastic piece 18 is a first spring, two ends of the first spring are respectively fixedly connected with the second lens 13 and the first vibrator 16, and the second elastic piece 19 is a second spring, two ends of the second spring are respectively fixedly connected with the second lens 13 and the second vibrator 17. The first lens 12 includes a lens 14 and a connecting seat 15, the lens 14 is fixedly installed on the connecting seat 15, and the first elastic element 18 and the second elastic element 19 are both fixedly connected with the connecting seat 15. The emitting end 11 emits a laser beam to pass through the first lens 12 and the second lens 13 to irradiate the surface of the workpiece to form a light spot 31, the first lens 12 is a collimating lens, and the second lens 13 is a focusing lens. The first lens 12 is used to collimate the light beam into a parallel beam, the diameter of the spot 31 being d 2.

Where d (core) is the beam diameter at the emitting end 11, f_focusIs the distance between the second lens 13 and the spot 31, f_col.lensThe distance between the emitting end 11 and the first lens 12, d (core) is located at a distance f from the side of the first lens 12 close to the emitting end 11_focusCorresponding to the position of d2, the distance f between the light beam and the side of the second lens 13 close to the light spot 70_col.lensThe position of the second lens 13 corresponds to the position of the first vibrator 16, and alpha is the amplitude of the vibration of the second lens 13 driven by the first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17.

The first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17 are located on one side of the second lens 13 in the radial direction, the first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17 are arranged along the edge of the second lens 13, and the first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17 form an included angle of 90 degrees. The amplitude α of the first and second transducers 16 and 17 is 0.1um to 50um, and in this embodiment, 50um is used as the amplitude α. The vibration frequencies of first and second transducers 16 and 17 are 20kHz to 50kHz, and in the present embodiment, the vibration frequencies of first and second transducers 16 and 17 are 50 kHz.

A variable spot cutting method, comprising the steps of:

s1, emitting laser beams: the emitting end 11 emits a laser beam to pass through the first lens 12 and the second lens 13 to irradiate the surface of the workpiece to form a light spot 31;

s2, adjusting the spot 31: the first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17 drive the second lens 13 to vibrate to adjust the diameter d2 of the light spot 31,where d (core) is the beam diameter at the emitting end 11, f_focusLens is the distance between the second lens 13 and the light spot 31, fcol is the distance between the transmitting end 11 and the first lens 12, and α is the vibration amplitude of the first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17;

s3, cutting the workpiece: the laser irradiates the workpiece to melt the workpiece at spot 31.

The BPP is a light quality parameter and is a fixed value; f is the focal distance of the lens; d is the diameter of the transmitting end; d is the beam diameter at the first lens.

According to the formula

The beam diameter d (core) at the emitting end 11 is therefore:

wherein f is_col.lensIs the distance between the emitting end 11 and the first lens 12.

Since the first lens 12 collimates the laser beam into a parallel beam to irradiate the second lens 13, the beam diameter on the second lens 13 is equal to the beam diameter on the second lens 13, and the beam diameters on the first lens 12 and the second lens 13 are both D.

Therefore, similarly, when first transducer 16 and second transducer 17 do not operate, diameter d1 of spot 31 is:

wherein f is_focusIs the distance between the second lens 13 and the spot 31.

Combining formula (1) and formula (2), one can obtain:

the following formula (3) can be changed:

in the present embodiment, the vibration frequencies and amplitudes of the first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17 are the same, and therefore, when the first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17 respectively drive the second lens 13 to vibrate in the directions perpendicular to each other, the light spot 31 moves along with the vibration of the second lens 13. The vibration of the first vibrator 16 and the vibration of the second vibrator 17 are staggered by a quarter cycle, namely when the vibration of the first vibrator 16 reaches the edge position, the vibration of the second vibrator 17 reaches the middle position, and when the vibration of the second vibrator 17 reaches the edge position, the vibration of the first vibrator 16 reaches the middle position, so that when the first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17 drive the second lens 13 to vibrate, the light spots 31 make circular revolution motion, the irradiation time of the moving light spots 31 at different positions is more uniform, the energy density distribution of the light spots 31 is more uniform, and the flatness of the slit surface is improved.

Because the light beam irradiated to the second lens 13 is a parallel light beam, and the second lens 13 is a convex lens, the direction of the light beam passing through the optical center of the lens is not changed, so that when the optical center of the lens moves along the radial direction of the lens, the focal position also moves along with the movement of the optical center of the lens, and the direction and distance of the movement of the focal point are the same as those of the movement of the optical center of the lens. When the second lens 13 vibrates in the radial direction under the driving of the first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17, the optical center of the second lens 13 moves in the radial direction of the second lens 13, so that the focal point (i.e., the light spot 31) of the second lens 13 moves synchronously, and thus the direction and distance of the movement of the light spot 31 are the same as those of the second lens 13, i.e., the amplitude of the movement of the light spot 31 is the same as that of the vibration of the second lens 13 driven by the first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17. So that the amplitude of the spot 31 can be accurately controlled by controlling the amplitudes of the first and second vibrators 16 and 17.

When first transducer 16 and second transducer 17 are in operation, diameter d2 of spot 31 is as follows from equation (4):

where α is the amplitude of vibration of first oscillator 16 and second oscillator 17.

Thereby being capable of passing throughThe diameters of the light spots 31 of the first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17 in the working state are calculated, and the size of the slot can be adjusted by changing the diameters of the light spots 31, so that the work of independently adjusting the size of the slot and the slot is realizedCan be used.

The embodiment has the following advantages:

after being refracted by the first lens 12 and the second lens 13, the laser beam is adjusted to a proper incident angle, so that the effect of improving the laser cutting performance is achieved. When the diameter of the light spot 31 needs to be adjusted, the first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17 drive the second lens 13 to vibrate, so that the light spot 31 reciprocates, the actual irradiation range of the light spot 31 can be enlarged, and the function of adjusting the size of the light spot 31 is realized. Through the size of adjusting facula 31, make the size of laser cutting seam change, need not change the laser beam incident angle and can adjust facula 31 size to can adjust laser beam incident angle and slot width respectively, can prevent to adjust the in-process of slot width and influence laser beam's incident angle, finally reach the effect that can satisfy reasonable cutting seam width and reasonable incident angle requirement simultaneously.

The first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17 drive the second lens 13 to move in the radial direction by arranging the first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17 on one side in the radial direction of the second lens 13. The first lens 12 is on one side of the second lens 13 in the axial direction, and when the first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17 drive the second lens 13 to vibrate, the vibration of the second lens 13 is prevented from influencing the distance between the first lens 12 and the second lens 13, so that the influence of the vibration of the second lens 13 on the incident angle of the laser beam is prevented, the incident angle of the laser beam is kept stable, and the effect of ensuring the laser cutting performance is achieved.

The first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17 form an included angle of 90 degrees on the second lens 13, so that the second lens 13 can be driven to vibrate in different directions perpendicular to each other through the first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17, the irradiation time of the moving light spots 31 at different positions is more uniform, the energy density distribution of the light spots 31 is more uniform, and the flatness of the surface of the slot is improved.

Too large amplitude can cause a gap to appear in the middle of the light spot 31, and too large area of the light spot 31 can cause too low energy density of the light spot 31 and influence the cutting performance; too small an amplitude may result in poor adjustment of the spot 31. The amplitude is set within the range of 0.1um to 50um, so that the effect of conveniently adjusting the size of the light spot 31 is achieved.

The vibration frequency of the first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17 is set to be 20 kHz-50 kHz, so that the vibration frequency of the light spot 31 is high enough, the energy density distribution of the light spot 31 is more uniform, and the flatness of the surface of the cut seam is improved.

The first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17 are installed on the shell of the laser cutting head 10, and the first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17 are respectively connected with the second lens 13 through the first elastic piece 18 and the second elastic piece 19, so that the vibration of the second lens 13 can be adapted through the first elastic piece 18 and the second elastic piece 19, and the second lens 13 is prevented from being clamped.

The laser beam is collimated into a parallel beam by the collimating mirror, and the parallel beam is focused on the surface of the workpiece by the focusing mirror to form a light spot 31, so that the function of laser cutting processing is realized. The positions of the collimating lens and the focusing lens are adjusted in the axial direction, so that the function of adjusting the incident angle of the laser beam can be realized.

The size of the light spot 31 can be adjusted without changing the incident angle of the laser beam, so that the incident angle of the laser beam and the width of the slit can be respectively adjusted, the incident angle of the laser beam can be prevented from being influenced in the process of adjusting the width of the slit, and finally the effect of simultaneously meeting the requirements of reasonable width of the slit and reasonable incident angle is achieved.

Example 2:

referring to fig. 4, a cutting apparatus with a variable light spot includes a machine tool table 21, a gantry 22, a laser 23, and a laser cutting head 10 with a variable light spot in embodiment 1, where the gantry 22 is slidably connected to the machine tool table 21, the laser cutting head 10 with a variable light spot is mounted on the gantry 22, a conducting optical fiber 24 is disposed between the laser 23 and the laser cutting head 10 with a variable light spot, and two ends of the conducting optical fiber 24 are respectively connected to the laser 23 and the laser cutting head 10 with a variable light spot.

The embodiment has the following advantages:

the workpiece is placed on a machine tool workbench 21, the portal frame 22 is moved on the machine tool workbench 21 to drive the laser cutting head 10 to move, and the laser 23 emits laser to the laser cutting head 10 with variable light spots through the conducting optical fiber 24, so that the workpieces at different positions can be cut through the laser cutting head 10 with the variable light spots, and the laser cutting function is realized. The size of facula 31 is adjusted through the changeable laser cutting head 10 in facula, adjusts the width size of slot to can ensure that the laser beam incident angle is in suitable angle, make cutting equipment can satisfy reasonable slot width and reasonable incident angle requirement simultaneously, play the effect that improves cutting equipment's cutting performance.

Example 3:

referring to fig. 5, a spot variable cutting method, which is different from embodiment 1, includes the steps of:

s1, emitting laser beams: the emitting end 11 emits a laser beam to pass through the first lens 12 and the second lens 13 to irradiate the surface of the workpiece to form a light spot 31;

s2, adjusting the spot 31: the first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17 drive the second lens 13 to vibrate, the vibration amplitude of the first vibrator 16 is larger than that of the second vibrator 17, the vibration frequencies of the first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17 are the same, and the width of the light spot 31 in the vibration direction of the first vibrator 16 is d2₁，

The width of the light spot 31 in the vibration direction of the second vibrator 17 is d2₂,

Where d (core) is the beam diameter at the emitting end 11, f_focusIs the distance between the second lens 13 and the spot 31, f_col.lensIs the distance between the emitting end 11 and the first lens 12, alpha₁Amplitude, α, of vibration of the second lens 13 for the first vibrator 16₂An amplitude for the second vibrator 17 to drive the second lens 13 to vibrate;

s3, cutting the workpiece: the laser irradiates the workpiece to melt the workpiece at the spot 31, and the spot 31 moves on the workpiece in the vibration direction of the first vibrator 16.

The embodiment has the following advantages:

amplitude alpha of first oscillator 16₁Larger than the amplitude alpha of the second vibrator 17₂When the first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17 drive the focusing mirror to vibrate, the motion tracks of the focusing mirror and the light spot 31 are elliptical, so that the function of changing the shape of the light spot 31 is realized, the shape of the light spot 31 can be suitable for different processing requirements, and the effect of improving the applicability is achieved. The major axis of the elliptical spot 31 has a length d2₁The minor axis of the elliptical spot 31 has a length d2₂. The laser cutting head 10 moves along the direction of the long axis of the elliptical light spot 31, so that the laser cutting head 10 cuts the workpiece along the direction of the long axis of the ellipse, because d2₁Greater than d2₂Therefore, the laser irradiation time of the workpiece is longer in the process that the light spot 31 moves along the direction of the long axis of the ellipse, the feeding speed of the machine tool is increased while the workpiece can be cut off by the laser, and the effect of improving the cutting efficiency is achieved.

Example 4:

referring to fig. 6, a spot variable cutting method, which is different from embodiment 1, includes the steps of:

s1, emitting laser beams: the emitting end 11 emits a laser beam to pass through the first lens 12 and the second lens 13 to irradiate the surface of the workpiece to form a light spot 31;

s2, adjusting the spot 31: the first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17 drive the second lens 13 to vibrate, and the vibration frequency of the first vibrator 16 is 2 times of that of the second vibrator 17;

s3, cutting the workpiece: the laser irradiates the workpiece to melt the workpiece at spot 31.

The embodiment has the following advantages:

the vibration frequency of the first vibrator 16 is 2 times of that of the second vibrator 17, the first vibrator 16 and the second vibrator 17 drive the focusing mirror to vibrate, and then the light spot 31 is integrally triangular, and the shape of the light spot 31 is adjusted. By changing the shape of the light spot 31, the shape of the slot can be controlled more accurately, so that the light spot 31 can be suitable for different cutting requirements, and the effect of improving the applicability is achieved.

Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope and spirit of the above description. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.