阅读说明：本技术 基于单片透镜的激光加工头及激光切割头及激光焊接头 (Laser processing head and laser cutting head and laser welding head based on single lens ) 是由 方强 方笑尘 于 2020-05-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于单片透镜的激光加工头及激光切割头及激光焊接头,由激光输出光纤和单片光学透镜组成；所述光学透镜设置在所述激光输出光纤的输出光路上并将光纤发出的光成像到其后某待加工表面；该光束对待加工表面进行加工；基于本发明提出的一种基于单片透镜的激光加工头的设计,本发明还提出一种基于单片透镜的激光切割头和一种基于单片透镜的激光焊接头,本发明提供基于单片透镜的激光加工头,与现有在商用产品相比,切割头中的热杂光大幅降低,成本也大幅降低。(The invention discloses a laser processing head, a laser cutting head and a laser welding head based on a single lens, which are composed of a laser output optical fiber and a single optical lens; the optical lens is arranged on an output light path of the laser output optical fiber and images light emitted by the optical fiber to a certain surface to be processed behind the optical lens; the light beam processes the surface to be processed; based on the design of the laser processing head based on the single lens, the invention also provides a laser cutting head based on the single lens and a laser welding head based on the single lens.)

1. A laser processing head based on a single lens is characterized in that: comprises a laser output optical fiber (1) and a single-chip optical lens (2); the single-chip optical lens (2) is arranged on an output light path of the laser output optical fiber (1) and images the light emitted by the laser output optical fiber (1) to a certain surface to be processed behind the single-chip optical lens.

2. A laser cutting head according to claim 1, characterized in that: the device comprises a laser output optical fiber (1), a single-chip optical lens (2), a lens frame, a sleeve (5) and a deflector rod (6); wherein: the single-chip optical lens (2) is fixed on the lens frame; the lens frame is arranged in the sleeve (5), and a self-lubricating structure is arranged between the outer annular surface of the lens frame and the sleeve (5); a groove is formed in the wall of the sleeve (5) along the direction parallel to the axis of the tube, and the deflector rod (6) penetrates through the groove in the sleeve (5) and is connected with the lens frame.

3. The laser cutting head based on single lens as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the deflector rod (6) can drag the lens frame and the single-chip optical lens (2) to slide in the sleeve (5) along the axial direction.

4. The laser cutting head based on single lens as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the lens frame is made of a self-lubricating material; or a lens frame base body and a self-lubricating coating coated on the outer surface of the lens frame base body; or a lens frame base body and a self-lubricating material embedded on the outer surface of the base body outer ring of the lens frame.

5. A laser welding head based on a single lens is characterized in that: the laser optical fiber vibration device comprises a laser output optical fiber (1), a single-chip optical lens (2), a lens frame and a vibration device; wherein: the single-chip optical lens (2) is fixed on the lens frame; the vibration device is used for vibrating the lens frame along the direction vertical to the optical axis of the lens.

6. The single lens based laser welding head of claim 5, wherein: the vibrating device comprises a reed (71), a permanent magnet (72) and an electromagnet (73); the reed (71) plane is parallel to the optical axis and is fixed with the lens frame; the permanent magnet (72) is fixed on the lens frame; the electromagnet (73) generates electromagnetic force perpendicular to the optical axis; the electromagnet (73) drives the permanent magnet (72), the lens frame and the single-chip optical lens (2) to vibrate along the direction vertical to the optical axis of the lens through magnetic force.

7. The laser welding head based on the single lens according to claim 5, wherein: a reflector (8), a reflector frame (43) and a reflector vibrating device are arranged behind the single optical lens (2); the reflector (8) is fixed on the reflector frame (43), and the vibration direction of the single-chip optical lens (2) is vertical to the plane of the optical axis of the single-chip optical lens (2); the reflector vibrating device makes the reflector vibrate in a plane vertical to the vibration direction of the single-chip optical lens (2).

8. The laser welding head based on the single lens according to claim 7, wherein: the reflector vibrating device comprises a reed (71), a permanent magnet (72) and an electromagnet (73); the reed (71) is vertical to the normal line of the reflector (8) and fixed with the reflector frame (43); the permanent magnet (72) is fixed on the reflector frame (43); the electromagnet (73) generates magnetic force vertical to the reflector (8); the electromagnet (73) drives the permanent magnet (72), the reflector frame (43) and the reflector (8) to vibrate along the direction perpendicular to the vibration direction of the single-chip optical lens (2) through magnetic force.

9. The laser welding head based on the single lens as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the reflector (8) is used for totally reflecting the laser processing wavelength and transmitting the laser processing wavelength to the visible light wave band; an image monitoring system (10) is arranged on the back of the reflector (8).

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of laser processing, and particularly relates to a laser processing head, a laser cutting head and a laser welding head based on a single lens.

Background

In high power laser processing equipment, due to imperfections in the laser lens coating and glass materials in the laser processing head, there is scattered light proportional to the working laser power, which is a source of heat that heats all components in the laser processing head, causing thermal damage to both optical and mechanical components. There are two ways to reduce this hazard, one is to reduce the number of optical lenses in the optical system as much as possible, which fundamentally reduces the amount of thermal stray light; another approach is to increase the thermal conductivity of the mechanical device to allow heat within the laser processing head to be quickly conducted away. At present, an optical system of a laser processing head generally adopts a combination mode of a collimating lens and a focusing lens, the number of optical lenses in the most typical system is 4, and each lens generally generates thermal stray light with the working power of about 0.5% in the laser processing head. This thermal stray light can thermally limit the power of the laser processing head and can affect the reliability of the laser processing head.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a laser processing head based on a single lens, which can greatly reduce the thermal stray light in the laser processing head, and simultaneously reduce the complexity of a laser cutting head and the equipment cost.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a laser processing head based on a monolithic lens, comprising a laser output fiber and a monolithic optical lens; the single-chip optical lens is arranged on an output light path of the laser output optical fiber and images light emitted by the laser output optical fiber to a certain surface to be processed behind the single-chip optical lens.

The invention provides a laser cutting head, which comprises a laser output optical fiber, a single-chip optical lens, a lens frame, a sleeve and a deflector rod; wherein: the single-chip optical lens is fixed on the lens frame; the lens frame is arranged in the sleeve, and a self-lubricating structure is arranged between the outer annular surface of the lens frame and the sleeve; and a groove is formed in the wall of the sleeve along the direction parallel to the axis of the tube, and the deflector rod penetrates through the groove in the sleeve to be connected with the lens frame.

Further, the deflector rod can drag the lens frame and the single-chip optical lens to axially slide in the sleeve.

Further, the lens frame is made of a self-lubricating material; or a lens frame base body and a self-lubricating coating coated on the outer surface of the lens frame base body; or a lens frame base body and a self-lubricating material embedded on the outer surface of the base body outer ring of the lens frame.

The invention provides a laser welding head, which comprises a laser output optical fiber, a single-chip optical lens, a lens frame and a vibration device, wherein the single-chip optical lens is arranged on the laser output optical fiber; wherein: the single-chip optical lens is fixed on the lens frame; the vibration device is used for vibrating the lens frame along the direction vertical to the optical axis of the lens.

Further, the vibration device comprises a reed, a permanent magnet and an electromagnet; the reed plane is parallel to the optical axis and is fixed with the lens frame; the permanent magnet is fixed on the lens frame; the electromagnet generates electromagnetic force vertical to the optical axis; the electromagnet drives the permanent magnet, the lens frame and the single-chip optical lens to vibrate along the direction vertical to the optical axis of the lens through magnetic force.

Further, a reflector frame and a reflector vibrating device are arranged behind the single optical lens; the reflector is fixed on the reflector frame, and the vibration direction of the single-chip optical lens is vertical to the plane of the optical axis of the single-chip optical lens; the mirror vibrating device vibrates the mirror in a plane perpendicular to a vibration direction of the monolithic optical lens.

Further, the reflector vibration device comprises a reed, a permanent magnet and an electromagnet; the reed is perpendicular to the normal line of the reflector and fixed with the reflector frame; the permanent magnet is fixed on the reflector frame; the electromagnet generates magnetic force vertical to the reflector; the electromagnet drives the permanent magnet, the reflector frame and the reflector to vibrate along a direction perpendicular to the vibration direction of the single optical lens through magnetic force.

Further, the reflector totally reflects the laser processing wavelength and transmits the laser processing wavelength to the visible light wave band; and an image monitoring system is arranged on the back of the reflector.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

according to the laser processing head provided by the invention, the optical system in the laser processing head is simplified to only contain one optical lens, so that the heat stray light is greatly reduced, the heat problem in the laser processing head is greatly simplified, and the complexity and the manufacturing cost of the laser processing head are reduced.

Furthermore, the invention also provides a laser cutting head based on the single lens, and the lens frame can slide in the sleeve, so that the laser cutting head can realize the laser focusing function; set up self-lubricating structure between lens frame and sleeve pipe, make this cutting head keep high heat conductivity when realizing low friction, make the thermal environment of this cutting head improve by a wide margin, self-lubricating structure is preferred graphite, as good heat conduction material, and, self-lubricating structure can realize the face contact between the device, the heat conductivility of the promotion of very big degree, along with improving by a wide margin of thermal problem, can improve the operating power of laser cutting head, the life-span of extension laser cutting head improves the reliability of cutting head. .

Furthermore, the invention also provides a laser welding head based on the single lens, and the welding head can realize vibration welding. Different from the scheme of realizing vibration by inserting a vibration reflector in the existing vibration welding technology, the vibration of welding light spots is realized by directly vibrating the lens, and the system structure is simplified. In particular, a scheme of realizing vibration by using electromagnetic force is provided, so that the system cost is reduced.

Furthermore, the vibrating device of the laser welding head based on the single lens provided by the invention adopts the reed as the flexible fulcrum, the structure is simple, and the electromagnetic force required by vibration is small.

Furthermore, the laser welding head based on the single lens provided by the invention is provided with the reflecting mirror, the reflecting mirror frame and the reflecting vibration device behind the single optical lens, so that the direction of a laser output light path can be changed, and the laser welding head is more convenient to weld.

Furthermore, the laser welding head based on the single lens is provided with the image monitoring system on the back of the reflecting mirror, and the system can be used for monitoring the welding process in real time and improving the welding stability.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser processing head based on a single lens according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser cutting head based on a single lens according to the present invention.

Fig. 3A is a schematic structural diagram of a laser welding head based on a single lens according to the present invention.

FIG. 3B is a schematic structural diagram of a vibration device of a laser welding head based on a single lens according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a laser welding head based on a single lens with two-dimensional vibration according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a single lens based laser welding head with two dimensional vibration and image monitoring capability according to the present invention.

Wherein: 1 denotes a laser output fiber; 2 denotes a monolithic optical lens; 41 denotes a lens frame having a self-lubricating structure, 42 denotes a lens frame having no self-lubricating structure, and 43 denotes a mirror frame; 5 denotes a sleeve; 6 denotes a shift lever; 71 denotes a reed, 72 denotes a permanent magnet, and 73 denotes an electromagnet; 8 denotes a mirror; an image monitoring system is indicated at 10.

Detailed Description

The laser processing head based on a single lens according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser processing head based on a single lens according to the present invention. The light emitted by the laser output fiber 1 is converged to the surface to be processed by the single lens 2, thereby realizing the thermal processing. The structure is the simplest optical structure, and is characterized in that the thermal stray light in the laser processing head can be greatly reduced. When the laser is a single-mode fiber laser, the lens 2 can be a single spherical lens, so that the cost of the laser processing head can be greatly reduced.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser cutting head based on a single lens according to the present invention. The device consists of a laser output optical fiber 1, a single-chip optical lens 2, a lens frame 41, a sleeve 6 and a deflector rod 5; wherein: the single-chip optical lens 2 is fixed on the lens frame 41; the lens frame is generally annular, the annular lens frame 41 is arranged in the sleeve 6, and at least one of the outer annular surface of the annular lens frame 41 and the inner surface of the sleeve 6 has a self-lubricating structure; a groove is formed in the wall of the sleeve 6 along the direction parallel to the axis of the sleeve, and the deflector rod 5 is connected with the annular lens frame 41 through the groove in the sleeve 6. In the laser cutting head, the deflector rod 5 can drag the lens frame 41 and the lens 2 to slide in the sleeve 6 along the axial direction, so that the focusing function in the laser cutting is realized. In this cutting head, the lens frame 41 is generally made of a self-lubricating material, and may be composed of an annular lens frame base body and a self-lubricating coating layer applied to the outer annular surface thereof, or may be composed of an annular lens frame base body and a self-lubricating material embedded on the outer annular surface of the annular lens frame base body.

Fig. 3A is a schematic structural diagram of a laser welding head based on a single lens according to the present invention. The laser lens consists of a laser output optical fiber 1, a single-chip optical lens 2, a lens frame 42 and a vibration device; wherein: the single-chip optical lens 2 is fixed on the lens frame 42; the vibration device vibrates the lens frame 42 in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens; the welding head realizes laser vibration welding.

One possible embodiment of the vibration device comprises a spring 71, a permanent magnet 72 and an electromagnet 73, as shown in fig. 3B. The reed 71 plane is parallel to the optical axis and fixed with the lens frame 42; the permanent magnet 72 is fixed to the lens frame 42; the electromagnet 73 generates electromagnetic force perpendicular to the optical axis; the electromagnet 73 drives the permanent magnet 72, the lens frame 42 and the single-chip optical lens 2 to vibrate in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens through magnetic force, so as to realize laser vibration welding. The structure actually uses the reed as a flexible fulcrum, and the structure is simple and the electromagnetic force required by vibration is small.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a laser welding head based on a single lens with two-dimensional vibration according to the present invention. In the structure shown in fig. 3, a reflector 8, a reflector frame 43 and a reflector vibrating device are arranged behind a single optical lens 2; wherein: the reflector 8 is fixed on the reflector frame 43 to deflect the optical axis, and the plane of the optical axis is vertical to the vibration direction of the single optical lens 2; the mirror oscillating device oscillates the reflection angle of the mirror 8 in a plane perpendicular to the oscillation direction of the on-chip optical lens 2.

As shown in fig. 4, the mirror vibrating device includes a reed 71, a permanent magnet 72, and an electromagnet 73; the reed 71 is vertical to the normal line of the reflector 8 and fixed with the reflector frame 43; the permanent magnet 72 is fixed to the mirror frame 43; the electromagnet 73 generates a magnetic force perpendicular to the mirror 8; the electromagnet 73 drives the permanent magnet 72, the reflector frame 43 and the reflector 8 to vibrate in a direction perpendicular to the vibration direction of the lens 2 through magnetic force; the vibration and the vibration of the lens 2 form various desired spot vibration modes for laser vibration welding.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a laser welding head structure based on a single lens with two-dimensional vibration and image monitoring function according to the present invention. In the system shown in fig. 4, the mirror 8 is made to be totally reflective to the laser processing wavelength and transmissive to the visible light band, and an image monitoring system 10 is provided on the back of the mirror 8; and the image monitoring system monitors images of the welding area. The system can be used for monitoring the welding process in real time.

According to the technical scheme shown in figure 2, a miniaturized low-cost laser cutting head is designed. Wherein: the numerical aperture of the output optical fiber is less than 0.065, and the diameter of the optical fiber core is 20 micrometers. The output power is less than 2000 watts; the lens used was a spherical lens with a focal length of 8.75 mm, a magnification of 3 and a conjugate distance of about 50 mm. The cutting head can be used as a cutting head of a single-mode optical fiber cutting machine.

According to the technical scheme shown in the figure 3, a miniaturized low-cost laser welding head is designed. Wherein: the numerical aperture of the output optical fiber is less than 0.065, and the diameter of the optical fiber core is 20 micrometers. The output power is less than 1500 watts; the lens used was a spherical lens with a focal length of 16.57 mm and a magnification of 4. The welding head can be used for a handheld laser welding machine adopting a single-mode fiber laser.

The invention provides a laser processing head based on a single lens, which greatly reduces the heat stray light in the laser processing head and the cost compared with the prior commercial product.