阅读说明：本技术 一种激光抛光玻璃的方法及玻璃孔、玻璃片的抛光加工方法 (Method for polishing glass by laser and polishing method for glass hole and glass sheet ) 是由 张维炜 林威廷 兰有成 于 2020-11-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种激光抛光玻璃的方法以及玻璃孔和玻璃片的抛光加工方法。包括以下步骤：采用第一激光对设置于玻璃板上的切割轮廓线进行照射后,玻璃沿切割轮廓线断开；采用第二激光沿靠近切割轮廓线0.3-1.2mm的抛光轮廓线进行照射,使得抛光轮廓线两侧玻璃蒸发,得到抛光玻璃产品；所述第二激光为CO_2连续激光。本发明能解决常规切割方式造成的切面微裂纹、缺陷；通过CO_2连续激光直接照射抛光轮廓线,使得抛光轮廓线两侧玻璃体蒸发去除,得到光滑的玻璃侧边断面,提高玻璃力学性能；可应用于加工玻璃钻孔、内轮廓、外轮廓的边缘处理,优化侧面的平面质量,解决后续制程潜在的破片风险。(The invention provides a method for polishing glass by laser, a glass hole and a glass sheet. The method comprises the following steps: after a cutting contour line arranged on a glass plate is irradiated by first laser, the glass is cut off along the cutting contour line; irradiating the glass substrate with second laser along a polishing contour line which is 0.3-1.2mm close to the cutting contour line to evaporate the glass on two sides of the polishing contour line to obtain a polished glass product; the second laser is CO 2 And (4) continuous laser. The invention can solve the microcrack and defect of the section caused by the conventional cutting mode; by CO 2 Continuous laser directly irradiates the polishing contour line, so that glass bodies on two sides of the polishing contour line are evaporated and removed, a smooth glass side section is obtained, and the mechanical property of the glass is improved; the method can be applied to processing glass drilling holes, edge treatment of inner contours and outer contours, the plane quality of the side face is optimized, and potential fragment risks of subsequent processing procedures are solved.)

1. A method of laser polishing glass comprising the steps of:

after a cutting contour line arranged on a glass plate is irradiated by first laser, the glass is cut off along the cutting contour line;

irradiating the glass substrate with second laser along a polishing contour line which is 0.3-1.2mm close to the cutting contour line to evaporate the glass on two sides of the polishing contour line to obtain a polished glass product; the second laser is CO₂And (4) continuous laser.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first laser is a pulsed laser.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first laser is a continuous laser.

4. The method of laser polishing glass according to claim 1, wherein the glass sheet has a thickness <0.2 mm.

5. The polishing processing method of the glass hole is characterized by comprising the following steps:

irradiating a cutting contour line of a preset through hole on a glass plate by using first laser, and cutting off glass along the cutting contour line;

cutting the glass to a second starting point on the polishing contour line of the glass by using a second laser from the first starting point of the cut through hole in an arc line, and irradiating along the polishing contour line to evaporate the glass on two sides of the polishing contour line to obtain a polished glass hole;

the cutting contour line and the polishing contour line are concentric circles; the difference of the radiuses of the concentric circles is 0.3-1.2 mm;

thickness of the glass hole<0.2 mm; the first laser is pulse laser, and the second laser is CO₂And (4) continuous laser.

6. The glass hole polishing method according to claim 5, wherein the second laser has a wavelength of 10.6 μm, a power of 45 to 55w, and a spot diameter of 10 μm.

7. A polishing processing method of a glass sheet is characterized by comprising the following steps:

irradiating the glass by using third laser along the cutting contour line of the preset glass sheet, and enabling the cutting contour line to generate cracks;

irradiating the splinter lines on the outer side of the cutting outline of the glass sheet by using third laser, and enabling the splinter lines to generate cracks;

the splinter line is 0.7-1.0mm from the outer edge of the glass to the position close to the nearest cutting contour line; the extension line of the splinter line forms an included angle of 30-40 degrees with the first cutting contour line intersected with the extension line;

irradiating the cutting contour line and the splinter line by using first laser to ensure that the glass is heated, expanded and disconnected along the cutting contour line and the splinter line;

irradiating the glass sheet by using second laser along a polishing contour line which is 0.3-1.2mm close to the cutting contour line to evaporate the glass on two sides of the polishing contour line, thereby obtaining a finished product of the polished glass sheet; the second laser is CO₂Continuous laser; the irradiation temperature of the second laser on the surface of the glass is higher than the gasification temperature of the glass; the thickness of the glass sheet is less than or equal to 0.1 mm.

8. The glass sheet polishing method according to claim 7, wherein the third laser is an infrared laser source, the pulse width is of picosecond order, the wavelength is 1064mm, the repetition frequency is 100kHz, the average power of the infrared laser source is 40-50W, each group of the repetitive pulses is 6-8, and the diameter of a light spot is 3 um; the first laser is CO₂Continuous laser with the wavelength of 9.3um, the power of 25-30W and the spot diameter of 12-15 um; the second laser is CO₂Continuous laser with wavelength of 10.6um, power of 45-55W and spot diameter of 10um, and the second laser traveling speed of 7000-.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a glass processing method, in particular to a method for polishing glass by laser and a polishing processing method for glass holes and glass sheets.

Background

The glass material is one of the materials commonly used in the electronic display device at present, and is mainly used for manufacturing a display screen panel, a rear cover plate and the like. In the conventional processing of the glass cover plate, a large-size glass raw material is subjected to cutting, polishing, hot bending forming, chemical strengthening and other processes to manufacture the glass cover plate. The cutting procedure includes CNC machining and laser cutting machining. The CNC machining process has long development time, mature technology and relatively low equipment price, and is suitable for large-batch production. However, CNC machining also has some disadvantages, such as the contamination of the glass by the cutting fluid requires cleaning, the rough edge of the machined surface requires polishing. In general, glass is used as a display panel, and holes or grooves are formed in the surface of the display panel, and the display panel is used as a microphone or a receiver hole.

When a hole with the diameter larger than 5mm is machined, polishing the side edge in the hole by using hole polishing equipment after CNC machining; when the aperture is smaller than 5mm, the hole polishing equipment cannot process the hole. Further, when the required hole diameter is less than 0.5mm, stable mass production is difficult to achieve using CNC equipment, and laser machining is required for drilling.

The CNC-cut glass surface is a rough ground glass surface, the microstructure of the surface of the CNC-cut glass surface is uneven, and polishing treatment is needed. In the conventional method for processing the through hole by using the pulse laser, the high energy of the pulse laser spot is utilized to irradiate the glass to remove the material in the focusing area, and the irradiation area is stacked and accumulated to form a complete hole shape by moving the spot. If the machined side surface is not polished, after subsequent chemical strengthening, the surface defects are affected by the internal stress of the glass and can possibly generate fragments, and the risk of fragment also exists during subsequent falling ball performance test and long-term use.

Chinese patent application CN 107520545A: a laser drilling method discloses a method for processing holes on a PCB plate by using UV laser, but the quality and the improvement method of the hole wall are not explained. The Chinese patent application: CN104759764B, a method for laser drilling glass, improves the quality of laser hole wall by optimizing the path of laser drilling process. The prior patent does not specifically describe the processing quality of the hole wall, and does not further treat cracks and depressions existing in the processed hole wall. The patent provides a method for processing and edge processing on a glass material by using laser, which can be suitable for drilling and cutting the outline of a product, and can process the side edge to make the side edge smoother and improve the surface crack defect.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, a method for polishing glass by laser and a polishing method for glass holes and glass sheets are needed.

To achieve the above object, the inventors provide a method of laser polishing glass, comprising the steps of:

after the cutting contour line of the glass is irradiated by first laser, the glass is cut off along the cutting contour line; irradiating the glass substrate with second laser along a polishing contour line which is 0.3-1.2mm close to the cutting contour line to evaporate the glass on two sides of the polishing contour line to obtain a polished glass product; the second laser is CO₂And (4) continuous laser.

The first laser irradiates and breaks the glass cutting contour line, so that the glass near the glass cutting contour line is processed to generate cracks and/or sunken holes (pulse laser drilling), and the energy required by the second laser evaporation irradiation is reduced; and by a second laser CO₂And (3) directly irradiating the polishing contour line by continuous laser, so that glass bodies on two sides of the polishing contour line are evaporated and removed, and a smooth glass side section is obtained.

Further, the first laser is a pulsed laser.

And (3) irradiating the glass by adopting pulse laser, and forming a sunken hole on the side wall and forming microcracks in the glass in a light spot superposition process in a punching process.

Further, the first laser is a continuous laser.

When the continuous laser is irradiated on the glass, the glass is easily heated at the irradiation starting point, and the glass cannot expand outwards at the starting point to cause bending deformation, so that the glass is cracked and cracked inside, and the glass is easily broken in further processing.

Further, the thickness of the glass is <0.2 mm.

The inventor also provides a polishing processing method of the glass hole, which comprises the following steps:

irradiating a cutting contour line of a preset through hole on the glass by using first laser, and cutting the glass along the cutting contour line;

cutting the glass to a second starting point on the polishing contour line of the glass by using a second laser from the first starting point of the cut through hole in an arc line, and irradiating along the polishing contour line to evaporate the glass on two sides of the polishing contour line to obtain a polished glass hole;

the cutting contour line and the polishing contour line are concentric circles; the difference of the radiuses of the concentric circles is 0.3-1.2 mm;

thickness of the glass hole<0.2 mm; the first laser is pulse laser, and the second laser is CO₂And (4) continuous laser.

Drilling glass materials using pulsed lasers is a conventional process in the industry: a light spot is formed in the glass by irradiation, partial materials are removed by evaporation, and the positions of the light spots are moved to enable the removal areas to be overlapped to form a complete hole or form a circular ring, so that the internal materials are cut off. This process can also be used with CNC machining if the bore diameter to be machined is large.

In CO₂In the continuous laser irradiation process, laser energy acts on the inside of the glass to evaporate and remove the laser energy in the focusing area, so that cross sections on two sides of the irradiation path are formed. Because the CO2 laser is continuously irradiated, the cross section formed by the laser is also continuously smooth, and the laser spot superposition process is different from the pulse laser drilling process, so that the hole wall processed by the method of the invention is smoother than the side wall formed by the conventional laser drilling.

With CO₂Cutting the glass from the first starting point of the cut through hole to the second starting point on the polishing contour line of the glass by the continuous laser in a circular arc lineAnd irradiating along the polishing contour line, the cut portion of the glass forming a filament as the laser advances, due to the thin thickness of the glass: (<0.2mm) and the width of the cut is very small (0.3-1.2mm), so the cut glass filaments are very slender, and unlike thick sheet or strip glass, the glass filaments are elastic and are not easy to break.

In CO₂When continuous laser irradiates a certain position on the polishing contour line, the laser irradiation at the moment makes the material expand by heating, and because one side of the material is provided with a prefabricated hole and the other side is provided with a whole piece of glass material, the expanding force can lead the glass fiber to tilt towards the hole side, further extend the existing cut surface and cannot damage the glass material on the complete side. Under the action of laser cutting and thermal expansion, the irradiated part extends tangentially to form a complete cutting profile gradually.

If the glass is directly irradiated with the CO2 laser without performing the preliminary drilling in the first step, the glass is heated and the periphery of the irradiated portion cannot be expanded outward, so that the glass is bent and deformed, and the irradiated portion is cracked. The stress condition and the glass fiber warping phenomenon of the cut glass edge except that the hole shape is changed into a straight edge are similar to the situation of processing the hole, so the independent description is not provided.

In addition, when a hole having a small hole diameter is processed using this method, CO₂The cut glass fiber under continuous laser irradiation is easy to be clamped in the hole and is not easy to take out, a plurality of cutting lines can be processed in the cut material by using laser beams, and the middle area is cut into a plurality of parts, so that the glass fiber is convenient to take out. Both ends of the cutting line of the process, with CO₂The continuous laser processing path should be kept at a certain interval to avoid laser irradiation on the formed smooth side surface and crack generation.

Further, the wavelength of the second laser is 10.6 μm, the power is 45-55w, and the spot diameter is 10 μm.

The inventor also provides a polishing processing method of the glass sheet, which comprises the following steps:

irradiating the glass by using third laser along the cutting contour line of the preset glass sheet, and enabling the cutting contour line to generate cracks;

irradiating the splinter lines on the outer side of the cutting contour line of the glass sheet by using third laser, and enabling the splinter lines to generate cracks;

the splinter line is 0.7-1.0mm from the outer edge of the glass to the position close to the nearest cutting contour line; the extension line of the splinter line forms an included angle of 30-40 degrees with the first cutting contour line intersected with the extension line;

irradiating the cutting contour line and the splinter line by using first laser to ensure that the glass is heated, expanded and disconnected along the cutting contour line and the splinter line;

irradiating the glass sheet by using second laser along a polishing contour line which is 0.3-1.2mm close to the cutting contour line to obtain a finished product of the polished glass sheet; the second laser is CO₂Continuous laser; the thickness of the glass sheet is less than or equal to 0.1 mm.

The splinter line is not contacted with the cutting contour line, after the splinter line is irradiated by the first laser, the splinter line is heated and cracked, but the scratch of the splinter line does not completely penetrate through the splinter line, so that the crack is not completely broken, and the cut material still maintains a complete sheet shape.

The contour line is cut by first laser irradiation, the contour line is heated to expand to generate cracks, and the leftover material of the outer ring is broken into a plurality of parts because the leftover material of the outer ring is only connected by a small amount of materials and is broken when heated to expand.

Furthermore, the third laser adopts an infrared laser source, the pulse width is in picosecond grade, the wavelength is 1064mm, the repetition frequency is 100kHz, the average power of the infrared laser source is 40-50W, each group of repeated pulses is 6-8, and the diameter of a light spot is 3 um; the first laser is CO₂Continuous laser with the wavelength of 9.3um, the power of 25-30W and the spot diameter of 12-15 um; the second laser is CO₂Continuous laser with the wavelength of 10.6um, the power of 45-55W and the spot diameter of 10um, wherein the advancing speed of the second laser is 6500-10000 mm/min.

Different from the prior art, the technical scheme at least comprises the following beneficial effects: the technical scheme can solve the problems of section microcrack and defect caused by the conventional cutting mode; by CO₂The continuous laser directly irradiates the polishing contour line to evaporate and remove the glass bodies on two sides of the polishing contour line to obtain a smooth glass side edge sectionThe mechanical property of the glass is improved; the method can be applied to processing glass drilling holes, edge treatment of inner contours and outer contours, the plane quality of the side face is optimized, and potential fragment risks of subsequent processing procedures are solved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an edge of a laser-machined hole according to example 1;

FIG. 2 is a force state diagram of a cutting point in the embodiment 1;

FIG. 3 is a layout of laser cutting contour lines and splinter lines of example 2;

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the state of stress of the glass in example 2 in the process of thermal expansion and disconnection along the cutting contour line;

FIG. 5 is a machined surface of the CNC machined glass of Table 2;

FIG. 6 is the IR-CO in Table 2₂Machined surface of glass cut by laser splinting

FIG. 7 shows the IR-CO according to the present invention₂Laser spalling-CO₂And polishing the machined surface of the cut glass.

Detailed Description

To explain technical contents, structural features, and objects and effects of the technical solutions in detail, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the embodiments.

Example 1 polishing process of glass holes, comprising the steps of:

1. irradiating the cutting contour line of the preset through hole on glass (the thickness is less than 0.2mm) by using first laser (green laser, the wavelength is 532nm), and breaking the glass along the cutting contour line;

2. using a second laser (CO)₂Continuous laser with the wavelength of 10.6um, the power of 45-55W and the spot size of 10um) is cut to a second starting point on the polishing contour line of the glass by an arc line from a first starting point of the cut through hole, and the continuous laser irradiates along the polishing contour line, so that the glass on two sides of the polishing contour line is evaporated, and a polished glass hole is obtained; the cutting contour line and the polishing contour line are concentric circles; the difference of the radiuses of the concentric circles is 0.5 mm; as shown in figure 1 of the drawings, in which,

in CO₂When the continuous laser irradiates a certain position on the polishing contour line, the laser irradiation at the moment makes the material heated and expandedThe expansion and stress conditions are as shown in fig. 2, because one side of the glass fiber is provided with a prefabricated hole and the other side is provided with a whole piece of glass material, the glass fiber is tilted towards the hole side by the expansion force, the existing cut surface is further extended, and the glass material on the complete side cannot be damaged. Under the action of laser cutting and thermal expansion, the irradiated part extends tangentially to form a complete cutting profile gradually.

EXAMPLE 2 polishing of glass sheets

The method comprises the following steps:

1. irradiating the high-alumina glass with the thickness of 0.1mm by using infrared laser (the pulse width is in picosecond grade, the wavelength is 1064mm, the repetition frequency is 100kHz, the average power of the infrared laser source is 40-50W, 6-8 repeated pulses are generated in each group, and the diameter of a light spot is 3um) along the cutting contour line of a preset glass sheet, and enabling the cutting contour line to generate cracks;

2. irradiating the splinter lines on the outer side of the cutting outline of the glass sheet by using infrared laser (the pulse width is picosecond grade, the wavelength is 1064mm, the repetition frequency is 100kHz, the average power of the infrared laser source is 40-50W, 6-8 repeated pulses are generated in each group, and the diameter of a light spot is 3um), and enabling the splinter lines to generate cracks;

the splinter line is 0.7-1.0mm from the outer edge of the glass to the position close to the nearest cutting contour line; the extension line of the splinter line forms an included angle of 30-40 degrees with the first cutting contour line intersected with the extension line; as shown in fig. 3.

3. With CO₂Irradiating the splinter line by continuous laser (with the wavelength of 9.3um, the power of 25-30W and the spot diameter of 12-15um) to ensure that the splinter line is heated, expanded and disconnected; the splinter line is cracked by heating, but the scratch of the splinter line does not completely penetrate through the splinter line, so the crack is not completely broken, and the cut material still maintains a complete sheet shape;

4. with CO₂Irradiating the cutting contour line by continuous laser (with the wavelength of 9.3um, the power of 25-30W and the spot diameter of 12-15um) to ensure that the glass is heated, expanded and disconnected along the cutting contour line; as shown in fig. 4. Therefore, the leftover materials of the outer ring waste material area are only connected by a small amount of materials, and the waste material area outside the glass is divided into a plurality of pieces of waste materials by the splitting line to fall down;

5. by using a second CO₂Continuous laser (wavelength 10.6um, power 45-55W, spot diameter 10um) is irradiated along a polishing contour line which is 1.0-1.3mm close to the cutting contour line at the speed shown in the table 1, so that glass on two sides of the polishing contour line is evaporated, and a finished product of the polished glass sheet is obtained.

Table 1 example 2 polished glass process parameters and results table

From table 1, it can be seen that for the high alumina glass with T being 0.1mm, when the distance between the cutting contour line and the polishing contour line is 1.1-1.2mm, and the cutting speed is 7000-; polishing CO while increasing the cutting speed₂The laser irradiation power should be increased along with the increase of the cutting speed, and the laser energy received by the unit area of the glass in the irradiation process is kept basically consistent; when the distance between the two contour lines is increased and the edge part to be cut off is wider, the thermal expansion effect required by polishing is more remarkable, and the laser irradiation power is also increased.

If the distance between the cutting and polishing contour lines is too small, the edge cutting process may cause line breakage, and if the line distance is too large, the cutting edge may be difficult to bend. However, if the laser is irradiated at the same position for too long and the energy is too high, the glass may be damaged. Therefore, in actual processing, an appropriate contour line distance is usually determined by testing, and then the cutting speed and the laser power are adjusted.

Groups 4, 5 and 14 in table 1 are preferred technical solutions.

EXAMPLE 2 polishing and strengthening of glass sheets

Example 2 ultra-thin glass with a thickness t of 0.1mm was used, and CNC process and IR-CO were used respectively₂Laser splinting (without the last step) and the laser processing technology of the invention are carried out, after a small sample of 50 multiplied by 50mm is processed, chemical strengthening is carried out, and finally, a detection data table is obtained2。

Table 2 different procedure glass processing data table

As can be seen from Table 2, by CO₂Continuous laser directly irradiates the polishing contour line, so that glass bodies on two sides of the polishing contour line are evaporated and removed, a smooth glass side section is obtained, and defects are reduced; the method has short time, can be applied to processing glass drilling, edge treatment of inner contour and outer contour, optimizes the plane quality of the side surface, and solves the potential fragment risk of subsequent processing procedures.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising … …" or "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of additional elements in a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises the element. Further, herein, "greater than," "less than," "more than," and the like are understood to exclude the present numbers; the terms "above", "below", "within" and the like are to be understood as including the number.

It should be noted that, although the above embodiments have been described herein, the invention is not limited thereto. Therefore, based on the innovative concepts of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention can be directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields by making changes and modifications to the embodiments described herein, or by using equivalent structures or equivalent processes performed in the content of the present specification and the attached drawings, which are included in the scope of the present invention.