阅读说明：本技术 控制机动车辆的火花点火式内燃机的排放物的系统和方法 (System and method for controlling emissions of a spark-ignition internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle ) 是由 G.皮维蒂 F.贝多尼 E.穆素 于 2020-02-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及用于控制机动车辆的火花点火式内燃机的排放物的系统和方法。用于控制机动车辆的火花点火式内燃机的排放物的系统包括第一和第二废气处理装置(12、13)和用于在第一和第二废气处理装置(12、13)之间将二次空气供给到废气导管(11)中的二次空气供给系统(14；20)。二次空气供给系统(14；20)仅在发动机负载大于预定负载值时和/或在发动机转速大于预定速度值时才被激活。在这种条件下,发动机的空燃比被保持在低于化学计量值的值处,以便向发动机供给浓混合物。在一个示例中,电子控制器(E)被编程为基于作为发动机负载和发动机转速的值的函数的映射来控制二次空气供给系统的激活。该映射根据发动机的具体特性预先确定。(The present invention relates to a system and method for controlling emissions of a spark ignition internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle. A system for controlling emissions of a spark ignition internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle comprises first and second exhaust gas treatment devices (12, 13) and a secondary air supply system (14; 20) for supplying secondary air into an exhaust gas conduit (11) between the first and second exhaust gas treatment devices (12, 13). The secondary air supply system (14; 20) is activated only when the engine load is greater than a predetermined load value and/or when the engine speed is greater than a predetermined speed value. Under such conditions, the air-fuel ratio of the engine is maintained at a value lower than the stoichiometric value in order to supply a rich mixture to the engine. In one example, the electronic controller (E) is programmed to control activation of the secondary air supply system based on a map as a function of values of engine load and engine speed. The map is predetermined according to the specific characteristics of the engine.)

1. A system for controlling emissions of a spark ignition internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, comprising:

-a conduit (11) for the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine (2),

-a first exhaust gas treatment device (12) which is interposed in the exhaust gas duct (11), and a second exhaust gas treatment device (13) which is interposed in the exhaust gas duct (11) downstream of the first exhaust gas treatment device (12) with reference to the flow direction of the exhaust gas,

-a system (14; 20) for feeding secondary air into the exhaust gas duct (11) between the first exhaust gas treatment device (12) and the second exhaust gas treatment device (13),

-a system (9, 10) for controlling the air-fuel ratio of the engine, and

-an electronic controller (E) programmed to control the secondary air supply system (14; 20) and the system (9, 10) for controlling the air-fuel ratio,

the system is characterized in that it is provided with,

-the secondary air supply system is configured to supply secondary air into the exhaust gas duct (11) only between the first exhaust gas treatment device (12) and the second exhaust gas treatment device (13),

-the second exhaust gas treatment device (12, 13) is arranged sufficiently far from the first exhaust gas treatment device (12) to obtain a temperature in the second exhaust gas treatment device (13) which is at least 50 ℃ lower relative to the temperature in the first exhaust gas treatment device (12),

-the electronic controller is programmed to: activating the secondary air supply system (14; 20) when the engine load (2) is greater than a predetermined load value and/or when the engine speed is greater than a predetermined speed value,

-said electronic controller (E) is programmed to: maintaining the air-fuel ratio substantially at stoichiometry when the engine load is below the predetermined load value and/or when the engine speed is below the predetermined speed value,

-said electronic controller (E) is programmed to: maintaining the air-fuel ratio at a value lower than the stoichiometric value when the engine load is greater than the predetermined load value and/or when the engine speed is greater than the predetermined speed value, so as to supply a rich mixture to the engine, and

-said electronic controller (E) is programmed to: such that when the secondary air supply system (14; 20) is activated, the amount of secondary air is controlled on the basis of a signal emitted by a lambda probe (16) arranged downstream of the second exhaust gas treatment device (13) in order to obtain a mixture in the second exhaust gas treatment device (13) having an air-fuel ratio corresponding to or greater than the stoichiometric value.

2. A system according to claim 1, in which the internal combustion engine is an engine supercharged by means of a compressor (6), characterized in that the secondary air supply system comprises an electronically controlled valve (14), which electronically controlled valve (14) is interposed in the conduit (5) for supplying air to the engine downstream of the compressor (6) and has an outlet connected to the exhaust gas conduit (11) between the first exhaust gas treatment device (12) and a second exhaust gas treatment device (13).

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary air supply system comprises an auxiliary air supply line (18) and an electrically actuated pump (19) arranged in the auxiliary line (18).

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the electronic controller (E) is programmed such that the amount of secondary air is controlled also on the basis of a detected or calculated value of the exhaust gas temperature in the second exhaust gas treatment device (13) when the secondary air supply system is activated.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the electronic controller (E) is programmed to control activation of the secondary air supply system based on a map as a function of the values of the engine load and the engine speed.

6. A system according to claim 1, characterised in that the electronic controller (E) is programmed to activate the supply of secondary air during engine warm-up for warming up the second exhaust gas treatment device (13).

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the electronic controller (E) is programmed to: -activating the supply of secondary air upon detection of a need for regenerating a particle filter arranged in the exhaust gas duct (11).

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the second exhaust gas treatment device (13) is a binary or three-way catalytic converter or a particulate filter for a gasoline engine (GPF).

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the first exhaust treatment device (12) is a three-way catalytic converter.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein the second exhaust treatment device (13) is configured to be disposed outside of the motor vehicle below the floor panel, and the first exhaust treatment device (12) is configured to be located inside of the motor vehicle above the floor panel.

11. A method for controlling emissions of a spark ignition internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle, comprising:

-providing a first exhaust gas treatment device (12) and a second exhaust gas treatment device (13) in an exhaust gas conduit (11) of an internal combustion engine, the second exhaust gas treatment device (13) being arranged downstream of the first exhaust gas treatment device (12) with reference to a flow direction of exhaust gas,

-providing a secondary air supply system (14; 20) in an exhaust gas conduit (11) between the first exhaust gas treatment device (12) and the second exhaust gas treatment device (13), and

-providing a system (9, 10) for controlling the air-fuel ratio of the engine,

the method is characterized in that it consists in,

-the secondary air supply system is configured to supply secondary air into the exhaust gas duct (11) only between the first exhaust gas treatment device (12) and the second exhaust gas treatment device (13),

-the second exhaust gas treatment device (13) is arranged sufficiently far from the first exhaust gas treatment device (12) so as to obtain an exhaust gas temperature in the second exhaust gas treatment device (13) which is at least 50 ℃ lower relative to the temperature in the first exhaust gas treatment device (12),

the method further comprises:

-activating the secondary air supply system (14; 20) when the engine load is greater than a predetermined load value and/or when the engine speed is greater than a predetermined speed value,

-keeping the air-fuel ratio substantially at the stoichiometric value when the engine load is below the predetermined load value and/or when the engine speed is below the predetermined speed value,

-maintaining said air-fuel ratio at a value below said stoichiometric value when said engine load is greater than said predetermined load value and/or when said engine speed is greater than said predetermined speed value, in order to supply a rich mixture to the engine, and

-when the secondary air supply system (14; 20) is activated, controlling the amount of secondary air on the basis of a signal emitted by a lambda probe (16) arranged downstream of the second exhaust gas treatment device (13) in order to obtain a mixture in the second exhaust gas treatment device (13) having an air-fuel ratio corresponding to the stoichiometric value or a value greater than the stoichiometric value.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the amount of secondary air is also controlled on the basis of a detected or calculated value of the exhaust gas temperature in the second exhaust gas treatment device (13) when the secondary air supply system (14; 20) is activated.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein activation of the secondary air supply system is controlled based on a map that is a function of the values of the engine load and the engine speed.

14. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the secondary air supply system is activated for preheating the second exhaust gas treatment device (13) during engine warm-up.

15. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the secondary air supply system is activated upon detection of a need for regenerating a particle filter arranged in the exhaust duct.

16. A method according to claim 11, in which the internal combustion engine is supercharged by means of a compressor (6), characterized in that the secondary air supply system is activated at low rotational speed and high engine load in order to operate the compressor at a higher air flow rate in order to increase the maximum engine torque at low rotational speed and/or in order to be able to select a larger compressor.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a system for controlling emissions of a spark-ignition internal combustion engine, of the type comprising:

-a conduit for the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine,

a first exhaust-gas treatment device which is inserted into the exhaust-gas duct and a second exhaust-gas treatment device which is inserted into the exhaust-gas duct downstream of the first exhaust-gas treatment device with reference to the flow direction of the exhaust gases,

-a system for feeding secondary air into the exhaust gas duct between the first and second exhaust gas treatment devices,

-a system for controlling the air-fuel ratio of the engine, and

-an electronic controller programmed to control the secondary air supply system and the system for controlling the air-fuel ratio.

Generally, a system for controlling air-fuel ratio includes means for adjusting the amount of fuel injected (by adjusting the duration of opening of a fuel injector associated with an engine cylinder) and means for adjusting the amount of air introduced into the cylinder.

Background

A system of the above-mentioned type is described and shown, for example, in document US-A-3943709.

Secondary air supply systems are well known and have long been used in spark ignition internal combustion engines to improve engine behaviour during engine warm-up and also to accelerate the warm-up process of the catalytic converter. Secondary air supply systems are also used primarily in motorcycle engines, which utilize a treatment system having an oxidation catalytic converter in place of a three-way catalytic converter, which is more common in automotive applications.

The most conventional solutions in the field of secondary air supply systems aim at stabilizing the combustion and more quickly warming up the catalytic converter during engine warm-up. In these more conventional solutions, the engine is operated with a rich air/fuel mixture (i.e., a fuel amount greater than the amount corresponding to the stoichiometric ratio). Secondary air is supplied downstream of the engine exhaust valves and upstream of the catalytic converter. Thus, the secondary air is used to complete the oxidation reactions upstream of and within the catalytic converter, and also to provide faster warm-up of the catalytic converter due to the exothermic reactions that occur due to the presence of large amounts of carbon oxides and unburned hydrocarbons that are produced when the engine is operating rich.

Solutions of this type are also disclosed, for example, in the documents US-A-5388402, US-A-5410872, US-A-5412943, US-A-5456063, US-A-5666804, US-A-6978600, US-A-5519992.

As previously mentioned, A system having the characteristics already specified at the beginning of the present description is known from document US-A-3943709. This known solution proposes a system with two catalytic converters. The first converter is used as a reduction converter for reducing Nitrogen Oxides (NO)_xs) and the second converter is an oxidation converter for oxidizing Hydrocarbons (HCs) and carbon monoxide (COs). In this known solution, the secondary air supply system is configured for introducing secondary air not only between the first converter and the second converter, but also upstream of the first converter.

Disclosure of Invention

Object of the Invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a system and method for controlling emissions from a spark-ignition internal combustion engine that is capable of achieving very reduced levels of harmful emissions under all operating conditions of the engine.

It is a particular object of the present invention to reduce harmful emissions also at high engine loads and/or high engine speeds, while operating the engine with a rich air/fuel mixture above the stoichiometric level in order to protect engine components (since gasoline reduces the heat of the incoming air).

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a system of the above type which enables the temperature of engine components, exhaust conduits, turbochargers (if any) and catalytic converters to be reduced.

A further object of the present invention is to achieve the above object while also reducing the fuel consumption under all operating conditions of the engine due to the possibility of designing engines with higher compression ratios in order to improve the combustion at high engine loads and high engine speeds.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a system and method of the above type that also prevents the accumulation of particulates that may create backpressure in the engine.

Drawings

Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description, given purely by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

figure 1 shows a schematic view of a first embodiment of a system according to the invention,

FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the system of the present invention

Fig. 3, 4 are schematic diagrams illustrating the operating principle of the present invention.

In fig. 1, 2, common parts are denoted by the same reference numerals.

Detailed Description

In the drawings, reference numeral 1 generally designates a system for controlling emissions of a spark-ignition internal combustion engine operating using gasoline. Reference numeral 2 denotes an engine body having a plurality of cylinders (not shown) with which an intake manifold 3 and an exhaust manifold 4 are associated. The intake manifold 3 receives air to be supplied to the engine through an intake duct 5. In the example of fig. 1, upstream of the intake manifold 3 there is a compressor 6 for supercharging the engine, a device 8 for cooling the supply air and a throttle 9 interposed in succession in the intake conduit 5, the compressor 6 being driven by a turbine 7 actuated by the engine exhaust gases.

There are electromagnetically actuated respective fuel injectors associated with the engine cylinders, represented by block 10. The exhaust manifold 4 of the engine 2 delivers exhaust gases into an exhaust conduit 11, there being a turbine 7 for driving the compressor 6, a first exhaust gas treatment device 12 and a second exhaust gas treatment device 13 which are interposed in the exhaust conduit 11.

The engine 2 is also provided with a secondary air supply system for supplying secondary air into the engine exhaust conduit 11. In the case of the solution of fig. 1, the secondary air supply system comprises an electronically controlled valve 14, which is connected to the conduit 11 by a line 14A.

Referring to fig. 1, block E schematically represents an electronic controller programmed to control the injection of fuel into the engine by means of the injector 10 and the supply of secondary air by means of the valve 14.

The figures do not show all the details forming part of the fuel injection control system, including in particular the lambda probe (device 12 is generally a catalytic converter) upstream and downstream of device 12, nor do they show the system for controlling throttle valve 9, which may be of any known type.

The electronic controller E is programmed to control the injector 10 and the valve 14 also on the basis of signals emitted by a lambda sensor 16 arranged downstream of the second exhaust gas treatment device 13 and also on the basis of signals emitted by a sensor 17 for sensing the temperature of the exhaust gas downstream of the second exhaust gas treatment device 13. Instead of the sensor 17, the electronic controller E may be programmed to calculate an exhaust gas temperature value downstream of the second exhaust gas treatment device 13 as a function of operating parameters of the engine.

Fig. 2 differs from fig. 1 in that the engine is not a supercharged engine. In this case, secondary air is supplied through an auxiliary line 18, the auxiliary line 18 being led out from the main line 5 for supplying air to the engine. A pump 19 is interposed in line 18, pump 19 being driven by an electric motor 20, the operation of electric motor 20 being controlled by electronic controller E. The pump 19 may also be mechanically driven, for example by an engine.

Regardless of the embodiment, it is important that the second exhaust gas treatment device 13 is arranged sufficiently far from the first exhaust gas treatment device 12 in order to obtain a temperature of the exhaust gases in the second device 13 which is at least 50 ℃ lower than the temperature in the first exhaust gas treatment device 12.

In the system according to the invention, the electronic controller E is programmed to: the secondary air supply system is activated only when the engine load is greater than a predetermined load value and/or only when the engine speed is greater than a predetermined speed value.

When the supply of secondary air is not activated, the electronic controller E is programmed to keep the air-fuel ratio substantially at stoichiometry. Conversely, when the supply of secondary air is activated, the electronic controller E is programmed to maintain the air-fuel ratio at a value lower than the stoichiometric value (for example not more than 95% of the stoichiometric value).

Furthermore, when the secondary-air supply system is activated, the electronic controller is programmed to control the amount of secondary air according to a closed-loop strategy also on the basis of the signal emitted by the lambda detector 16, in order to provide a mixture in the second exhaust gas treatment device 13 having an air-fuel ratio which corresponds to the stoichiometric value or is greater than the stoichiometric value.

As previously mentioned, the electronic controller E preferably also takes into account the detected or calculated value of the exhaust gas temperature in the device 13.

In a practical embodiment, the electronic controller is programmed to control the activation of the secondary air supply system based on a map as a function of values of engine load and engine speed, such as illustrated purely by way of example in fig. 3. In the figure, the linesmThe lower region a is the region associated with the engine operating without secondary air, in which the air-fuel ratio in the engine cylinders substantially corresponds to the stoichiometric value. ThreadmAndnregion B in between is a region associated with the engine operating in the presence of secondary air where the air-fuel ratio in the engine cylinders is below stoichiometry (i.e., with a rich mixture). Fig. 4 shows another diagram which shows the relative change of the so-called lambda value (air-fuel ratio/stoichiometric ratio) and the change of the secondary air mass flow as a function of the engine load for a given engine speed (in this particular case 5000 rpm).

As shown, in the case of this example, the system operates without secondary air in the range below 85% of maximum load. At higher loads, the secondary air is activated so that the lambda value in the cylinder is simultaneously reduced. The threshold value varies from engine to engine. For the latest generation of turbocharged engines, 85% of the maximum load may correspond to a BMEP (brake mean effective pressure) of 15-27 bar. For a non-supercharged engine, 85% of the load may correspond to a BMEP of 5-9 bar. However, these values are associated with specific examples and may vary greatly depending on the characteristics of the engine.

In general, the configuration of the map of FIG. 3 may vary widely depending on the characteristics of the engine.

In a preferred embodiment, the second exhaust gas treatment device 13 is either an oxidation catalyst (also referred to as a "two-way" catalytic converter), or a three-way catalyst (also referred to as a three-way catalyst), or a gasoline particulate filter for a gasoline engine (GPF). The first exhaust gas treatment device 12 is preferably of the three-element type.

In order to ensure a sufficient distance between the two exhaust gas treatment devices 12, 13 and to sufficiently reduce the exhaust gas temperature upstream of the second device 13, it may be provided that: the second exhaust gas treatment device 13 is arranged outside the motor vehicle below the floor panel, while the first device 12 is arranged inside the motor vehicle above the floor panel.

The invention thus achieves the object of minimizing harmful emissions of spark-ignition engines at medium/high engine speeds and medium/high engine loads and simultaneously reducing NOx, CO and HC emissions. In particular, the engine is operated with a stoichiometric mixture under all operating conditions except for conditions of medium/high engine speed and medium/high engine load. Under these conditions, the engine operates with a slightly richer mixture to achieve simultaneously higher combustion speeds, better combustion timing with beneficial effects on engine performance, and lower nox production. By using a conventional catalytic converter, much higher HC and CO emissions will be obtained relative to conditions where the engine is operated with a stoichiometric mixture. Conversely, if the engine is operated under stoichiometric conditions, the combustion will deteriorate and, in addition, the temperature, in particular in the catalytic converter, will increase due to the presence of oxygen which will react in the catalytic converter, so as to substantially increase its temperature. Therefore, the performance of the engine will be limited by the higher temperatures of the exhaust system, catalytic converter and turbocharger. To avoid this drawback, the proposed solution utilizes a secondary air system and two catalytic converters. The second converter is located remotely from the first converter to enable a reduction in the temperature of the exhaust gas and to allow the conversion to tolerate harmful emissions in the presence of oxygen. In particular, as indicated, the second catalytic converter may be arranged below a motor vehicle panel, in particular in a motor vehicle with a front engine, and generally far from the first catalytic converter, at a distance sufficient to enable the temperature of the second converter to be reduced by at least 50 ℃ relative to the temperature of the first converter. Secondary air is introduced downstream of the first converter in an amount to provide a mixture in the second converter having an air-fuel ratio corresponding to or greater than stoichiometry in order to achieve efficient oxidation of harmful emissions not treated by the first catalytic converter due to lack of oxygen. By using this system, reduced levels of harmful emissions are obtained under all operating conditions of the engine, including the most critical conditions described above (medium/high speed and medium/high engine load). As already indicated, the second catalytic converter may be an oxidation catalytic converter, a three-way catalytic converter (TWC) or a impregnated converter (GPF) in order to treat not only particulate and particulate emissions, but also other harmful emissions (HC, CO, NOx). As already indicated above, in addition to the lambda probe before and after the catalytic converter 12, the engine control system must also comprise a sensor capable of controlling the amount of secondary air in order to provide the air/fuel ratio as described above. In particular, the system must comprise at least one linear lambda probe after the second catalytic converter in order to be able to adjust the mixing ratio, in which system a closed-loop strategy is used to adjust the mass flow of secondary air.

The strategy for controlling the secondary air is activated by the electronic controller of the engine at medium/high rotational speeds and loads by activating the introduction of secondary air, by adjusting the engine mixture ratio and by adjusting the air quantity based on the signal of the lambda probe. The temperature upstream of the second catalytic converter may be calculated by a mathematical model based on the air-fuel ratio of the engine and the amount of secondary air introduced downstream of the first catalytic converter to avoid overheating of the second catalytic converter, or alternatively, a direct measurement of the temperature may be provided. If a GPF with quad functionality is provided below the floor panel, the difference between the GPF upstream and downstream pressures must be monitored.

The electronic controller may be programmed to activate the secondary air supply system during engine warm-up, also for warming up the second catalytic converter at low engine loads, or for regenerating the particulate filter (GPF) if provided.

The system according to the invention also offers additional advantages in the particular case of supercharged engines. In some areas of engine operation, particularly at low rotational speeds (e.g., up to 3000 rpm) and high engine loads, high boost pressures are required along with low air flow. Under such conditions, the secondary air supply system may be activated to increase the air flow rate of the compressor. In this way, an increase in the efficiency of the compressor is obtained, and at the same time the risk of pumping effects of the compressor itself is avoided. A system configured in this manner provides an increase in engine torque capacity at low speeds and/or selects a larger size compressor, which may be advantageous at high power (high load and high speed). This advantage is even more pronounced when the turbocharger is connected to an electric motor. In this case, due to the presence of the electric motor driving the compressor, a significantly larger compressor can be selected in order to obtain a very high maximum torque at low rotation speeds by activating the secondary air system. In fact, due to the increase in compressor size, at high loads and high speeds, higher efficiency of the turbocharger is obtained, as well as benefits to engine performance and fuel consumption.

Naturally, while the principle of the invention remaining the same, the details of construction and the embodiments may vary widely with respect to what has been described and illustrated purely by way of example, without thereby departing from the scope of the present invention.