阅读说明：本技术 一种基于热风热泵干燥对虾加工方法 (Processing method for drying prawns based on hot air heat pump ) 是由 周伟光 李天宝 王春利 于 2020-05-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于热风热泵干燥对虾加工方法,该方法包括：步骤一：采用高温热风干燥技术干燥对虾进行定型、熟化、上色和赋香；步骤二：采用低温热泵干燥技术进一步脱水干燥；步骤三：通过熟化程度、水分含量、挥发性盐基氮、盐溶性蛋白含量、感官评价等物化指标优化联合干燥工艺。本发明采用热风-热泵联合干燥对虾,可有效抑制干燥过程中对虾挥发性盐基氮含量的增加,减少盐溶性蛋白的破坏,同时兼顾节能和产品质量,能在弥补单级干燥缺点的同时,提高干燥过程的效率。(The invention discloses a processing method for drying prawns based on a hot air heat pump, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: drying the prawns by adopting a high-temperature hot air drying technology for shaping, curing, coloring and perfuming; step two: further dehydrating and drying by adopting a low-temperature heat pump drying technology; step three: the combined drying process is optimized through physicochemical indexes such as curing degree, moisture content, volatile basic nitrogen, salt-soluble protein content, sensory evaluation and the like. The invention adopts the hot air-heat pump combination to dry the prawns, can effectively inhibit the increase of the volatile basic nitrogen content of the prawns in the drying process, reduce the damage of salt-soluble protein, simultaneously give consideration to energy conservation and product quality, and can improve the efficiency of the drying process while making up the defects of single-stage drying.)

1. A processing method for drying prawns based on a hot air heat pump is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: drying the prawns by adopting a high-temperature hot air drying technology for shaping, curing, coloring and perfuming;

step two: further dehydrating and drying by adopting a low-temperature heat pump drying technology;

step three: the combined drying process is optimized through physicochemical indexes such as curing degree, moisture content, volatile basic nitrogen, salt-soluble protein content, sensory evaluation and the like.

2. The processing method for drying prawns based on the hot air heat pump according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the high-temperature hot air drying technology in the first step is hot air drying at 90 ℃ for 135min, and the low-temperature heat pump drying technology in the second step is heat pump drying at 20 ℃ for 32 h.

3. The processing method for drying prawns based on the hot air heat pump according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the high-temperature hot air drying technology in the first step is hot air drying at 85 ℃ for 150min, and the low-temperature heat pump drying technology in the second step is heat pump drying at 20 ℃ for 36 h.

4. The processing method for drying prawns based on the hot air heat pump according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the high-temperature hot air drying technology in the first step is hot air drying at 95 ℃ for 105min, and the low-temperature heat pump drying technology in the second step is heat pump drying at 20 ℃ for 32 h.

5. The processing method for drying prawns based on the hot air heat pump according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the high-temperature hot air drying technology in the first step is 100 ℃ hot air drying for 100min, and the low-temperature heat pump drying technology in the second step is 20 ℃ heat pump drying for 32 h.

6. The processing method for drying prawns based on the hot air heat pump according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the high-temperature hot air drying technology in the first step is hot air drying at 105 ℃ for 90min, and the low-temperature heat pump drying technology in the second step is heat pump drying at 20 ℃ for 32 h.

7. The processing method for drying prawns based on the hot air heat pump according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and in the second step, the wind speed of the low-temperature heat pump is 2.0m/s, and the humidity is 20%.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of prawn drying, in particular to a processing method for drying prawns based on a hot air heat pump.

Background

The common characteristics of aquatic products are that the water content is very high, generally more than 70%, and most of the aquatic products are rich in protein, rich in nutrition and not durable in storage. Therefore, drying is one of the main ways of processing aquatic products. The traditional sun-drying mode is influenced by weather conditions, the period is long, the pollution to products is serious, and the quality is uneven; although the hot air drying technology which is commonly adopted in industry is fast in drying, the aquatic products are easy to generate adverse reactions which affect the quality and the appearance (hardening) of the dried products, such as protein thermal denaturation, lipid oxidation, Maillard reaction and the like due to long-time high-temperature heating in the drying process.

The low-temperature drying technologies such as heat pump drying, vacuum freeze drying, far infrared drying and the like have been studied in the drying of heat-sensitive products. The heat pump drying technology has the advantages of energy conservation and quality of dried finished products and the traditional hot air drying technology, and market advantages are obtained in the drying application of high-end materials, particularly aquatic products and fruit and vegetable industries. The drying temperature of the heat pump is low, the evaporation speed of surface moisture is closer to the migration speed from the inside to the surface, the oxidation and surface yellowing of unsaturated fatty acid in aquatic products are avoided, and the loss of protein thermal denaturation, material deformation, color change and flavor substances is reduced.

Compared with a hot air drying technology, the heat pump drying technology can effectively save energy by more than 50% in the drying process of aquatic products, but because the drying temperature is lower and the drying time is longer, the hot air drying technology is not beneficial to forming unique bright colors and aroma when the hot air drying technology is used for drying and curing some special aquatic products such as prawns.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the problems, the invention provides a processing method for drying prawns based on a hot air heat pump, which adopts the combination of hot air and the heat pump to dry the prawns, can effectively inhibit the increase of the content of volatile basic nitrogen of the prawns in the drying process, reduce the damage of salt-soluble protein, simultaneously consider energy conservation and product quality, and can improve the efficiency of the drying process while making up for the defects of single-stage drying.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a processing method for drying prawns based on a hot air heat pump comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: drying the prawns by adopting a high-temperature hot air drying technology for shaping, curing, coloring and perfuming;

step two: further dehydrating and drying by adopting a low-temperature heat pump drying technology;

step three: the combined drying process is optimized through physicochemical indexes such as curing degree, moisture content, volatile basic nitrogen, salt-soluble protein content, sensory evaluation and the like.

As one of the embodiments: the high-temperature hot air drying technology in the first step is hot air drying at 90 ℃ for 135min, and the low-temperature heat pump drying technology in the second step is heat pump drying at 20 ℃ for 32 h.

As one of the embodiments: the high-temperature hot air drying technology in the first step is hot air drying at 85 ℃ for 150min, and the low-temperature heat pump drying technology in the second step is heat pump drying at 20 ℃ for 36 h.

As one of the embodiments: the high-temperature hot air drying technology in the first step is hot air drying at 95 ℃ for 105min, and the low-temperature heat pump drying technology in the second step is heat pump drying at 20 ℃ for 32 h.

As one of the embodiments: the high-temperature hot air drying technology in the first step is 100 ℃ hot air drying for 100min, and the low-temperature heat pump drying technology in the second step is 20 ℃ heat pump drying for 32 h.

As one of the embodiments: the high-temperature hot air drying technology in the first step is hot air drying at 105 ℃ for 90min, and the low-temperature heat pump drying technology in the second step is heat pump drying at 20 ℃ for 32 h.

Wherein, the wind speed of the low-temperature heat pump in the second step is 2.0m/s, and the humidity is 20%.

The invention has the following advantages:

the hot air-heat pump combined drying method for the prawns is adopted, so that the increase of the volatile basic nitrogen content of the prawns in the drying process can be effectively inhibited, the damage of salt-soluble protein is reduced, the energy conservation and the product quality are considered, and the efficiency of the drying process can be improved while the defect of single-stage drying is overcome.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the effect of drying conditions of the present invention on the TVB-N content of dried shrimp;

FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the effect of drying conditions of the present invention on the salt soluble protein content of dried shrimp.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described below, but the present invention is not limited to these.