阅读说明：本技术 一种激光抛光方法及激光抛光装置 (Laser polishing method and laser polishing device ) 是由 赵振宇 周浩 李凯 董志君 帅词俊 周后明 靳京城 张卫 于 2020-06-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明具体涉及一种激光抛光方法及激光抛光装置,包括以下步骤S1、设置密封舱,将金属件放置在密封舱内；S2、将密封舱内的空气抽出；S3、检测密封舱内氧气浓度是否低于阈值,若低于阈值,则进行下一步,若高于阈值,则返回步骤S2；S4、控制激光器对金属件的表面进行抛光。抛光时,需要先将密封舱内的空气抽出,之后再进行抛光。这样激光抛光是在真空状态下进行的,抛光过程中没有空气进入,金属件表面不会被氧化,不会产生微小的裂纹,提高了抛光质量。而且,相比现有抛光方法的缺陷来说(向密封舱内通入过长时间的保护气体导致浪费),本抛光方法中抽气时间过长会使密封舱内氧气浓度更低,不仅提高了抛光质量,而且还不会造成浪费,降低成本。(The invention relates to a laser polishing method and a laser polishing device, comprising the following steps of S1, arranging a sealed cabin, and placing a metal piece in the sealed cabin; s2, extracting air in the sealed cabin; s3, detecting whether the oxygen concentration in the sealed cabin is lower than a threshold value, if so, performing the next step, and if so, returning to the step S2; and S4, controlling the laser to polish the surface of the metal piece. During polishing, air in the sealed cabin needs to be pumped out first, and then polishing is carried out. Therefore, laser polishing is carried out in a vacuum state, no air enters in the polishing process, the surface of the metal piece is not oxidized, tiny cracks are not generated, and the polishing quality is improved. Compared with the defects of the existing polishing method (waste is caused by introducing protective gas into the sealed cabin for too long time), the oxygen concentration in the sealed cabin is lower due to the fact that the air extraction time is too long in the polishing method, the polishing quality is improved, waste is avoided, and cost is reduced.)

1. A laser polishing method characterized by: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,

s1, arranging a sealed cabin, and placing the metal piece in the sealed cabin;

s2, extracting air in the sealed cabin;

s3, detecting whether the oxygen concentration in the sealed cabin is lower than a threshold value, if so, performing the next step, and if so, returning to the step S2;

and S4, controlling the laser to polish the surface of the metal piece.

2. The laser polishing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the threshold value of the oxygen concentration in step S3 is 0.01%.

3. The laser polishing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S3, a diffusion oxygen detector is selected to detect the oxygen concentration.

4. The laser polishing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the laser polishing method further includes step S0, presetting a polishing range and a polishing path.

5. The laser polishing method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the laser polishing method further comprises step S11 of previewing the metal piece and adjusting the position of the metal piece.

6. The laser polishing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the laser polishing method further comprises step S40 of controlling the visual detection mechanism to detect the surface of the metal piece.

7. The laser polishing method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the laser polishing method also comprises step S20, arranging a rotating mechanism, and mounting the sealed cabin on the rotating mechanism; and step S41, controlling the rotation of the rotation mechanism.

8. A laser polishing device is characterized in that: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,

the sealed cabin is used for accommodating a metal piece to be polished;

the air extraction mechanism is used for extracting air in the sealed cabin and is connected with the sealed cabin through a first pipeline;

the diffusion type oxygen detector is used for detecting the concentration of oxygen in the sealed cabin and is connected with the sealed cabin through a second pipeline;

the rotary mechanism is detachably arranged on the sealed cabin;

the visual detection mechanism is used for detecting the surface of the metal piece;

the laser is used for polishing the surface of the metal piece; and

and the control mechanism is respectively connected with the rotating mechanism, the visual detection mechanism and the laser, is used for starting the visual detection mechanism, presetting the polishing range and the polishing path of the laser and controls the rotating mechanism to rotate.

9. The laser polishing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein: the rotating mechanism comprises a rotating piece and a motor, and the rotating piece comprises a bearing plate, a rotating part, a base and a limiting piece; the rotating part is the ball form, the base is hemispherical, the inside ball that is equipped with of base, the setting of rotating part activity is on the base, the carrier plate is installed on the rotating part, the locating part is installed on the base.

10. The laser polishing apparatus according to claim 9, wherein: the visual detection mechanism comprises a CCD lens and a supporting arm, and the CCD lens is arranged on the supporting arm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to laser polishing of metal, in particular to a laser polishing method and a laser polishing device.

Background

Laser polishing technology, as a new laser processing application technology, uses a focused laser beam spot to act on a rough original metal surface, so as to cause the melting and evaporation of a convex thin layer on the surface of the metal material. The melted material flows under the action of the surface tension and gravity of the material, fills the concave part of the metal surface and solidifies to finally obtain the ideal polished material surface.

Researchers find that irregular micro cracks can be generated on the metal surface when laser polishing is carried out in a common air environment, and if laser polishing is carried out in a protective gas environment such as nitrogen, argon and the like, the micro cracks on the metal surface can be effectively inhibited. In the conventional polishing process, metal is usually placed in a sealed cover, then protective gas such as nitrogen or argon is introduced into the sealed cover, and polishing is performed when the concentration of inert gas such as nitrogen or argon meets the requirement.

The prior polishing technology has the following problems: if the purity of the protective gas in the sealing cover does not meet the requirement, the polished metal surface is easy to oxidize; on the other hand, if polishing is carried out after the excessively long ventilation time, although the purity of the protective gas is reached, a large amount of protective gas is wasted, manpower and financial resources are wasted, and the cost is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a laser polishing method aiming at the defects in the prior art, and overcoming the defect of high cost caused by easy waste of protective gas in the prior polishing technology.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: providing a laser polishing method, comprising the following steps of S1, arranging a sealed cabin, and placing a metal piece in the sealed cabin; s2, extracting air in the sealed cabin; s3, detecting whether the oxygen concentration in the sealed cabin is lower than a threshold value, if so, performing the next step, and if so, returning to the step S2; and S4, controlling the laser to polish the surface of the metal piece.

Further preferred embodiments of the present invention are: the threshold value of the oxygen concentration in step S3 is 0.01%.

Further preferred embodiments of the present invention are: in step S3, a diffusion oxygen detector is selected to detect the oxygen concentration.

Further preferred embodiments of the present invention are: the laser polishing method further includes step S0, presetting a polishing range and a polishing path.

Further preferred embodiments of the present invention are: the laser polishing method further comprises step S11 of previewing the metal piece and adjusting the position of the metal piece.

Further preferred embodiments of the present invention are: the laser polishing method further comprises step S40 of controlling the visual detection mechanism to detect the surface of the metal piece.

Further preferred embodiments of the present invention are: the laser polishing method also comprises step S20, arranging a rotating mechanism, and mounting the sealed cabin on the rotating mechanism; and step S41, controlling the rotation of the rotation mechanism.

The invention also provides a laser polishing device, which comprises a sealed cabin, a polishing device and a polishing device, wherein the sealed cabin is used for accommodating the metal piece to be polished; the air extraction mechanism is used for extracting air in the sealed cabin and is connected with the sealed cabin through a first pipeline; the diffusion type oxygen detector is used for detecting the concentration of oxygen in the sealed cabin and is connected with the sealed cabin through a second pipeline; the rotary mechanism is detachably arranged on the sealed cabin; the visual detection mechanism is used for detecting the surface of the metal piece; the laser is used for polishing the surface of the metal piece; and the control mechanism is respectively connected with the rotating mechanism, the visual detection mechanism and the laser, and is used for starting the visual detection mechanism, presetting the polishing range and the polishing path of the laser and controlling the rotating mechanism to rotate.

Further preferred embodiments of the present invention are: the rotating mechanism comprises a rotating piece and a motor, and the rotating piece comprises a bearing plate, a rotating part, a base and a limiting piece; the rotating part is the ball form, the base is hemispherical, the inside ball that is equipped with of base, the setting of rotating part activity is on the base, the carrier plate is installed on the rotating part, the locating part is installed on the base.

Further preferred embodiments of the present invention are: the visual detection mechanism comprises a CCD lens and a supporting arm, and the CCD lens is arranged on the supporting arm.

The laser polishing method has the beneficial effects that when the laser polishing method is used for polishing, air in the sealed cabin needs to be pumped out firstly, and then polishing is carried out. Therefore, laser polishing is carried out in a vacuum state, no air enters in the polishing process, the surface of the metal piece cannot be oxidized, tiny cracks cannot be generated, and the polishing quality is improved. Compared with the defects of the existing polishing method (waste is caused by introducing protective gas into the sealed cabin for too long time), the oxygen concentration in the sealed cabin is lower due to the fact that the air extraction time is too long in the polishing method, the polishing quality is improved, waste is avoided, and cost is reduced.

Drawings

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the polishing method of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a further method of polishing according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a polishing mode of the polishing method of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a further polishing method of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of the completion of the polishing method of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the polishing apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing another perspective structure of the polishing apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the polishing apparatus of the present invention without the protective housing;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the capsule of the present invention;

fig. 10 is an exploded view of a rotating member of the present invention.

Wherein the reference numerals are as follows:

metal part 10 square 101

Laser polishing device 20

Cabin 11, sealing cover 12 and fastener 13 of sealed cabin 1

Second pipeline 21 of oxygen detector 2

Swivel mechanism 3 swivel 31 carrier plate 311 swivel part 312 base 313

Position limiting member 314

First pipeline 41 of air exhaust mechanism 4

Visual inspection mechanism 5 CCD lens 51 supporting arm 52

Laser 6

Control mechanism 7

Alarm 84 of illuminating lamp 83 of ceiling lamp 82 of explosion-proof glass window 81 of protective housing 8

Water cooling machine 9

Detailed Description

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the laser polishing method of the present invention comprises the steps of:

s1, arranging a sealed cabin, and placing the metal piece in the sealed cabin;

s2, pumping out air in the sealed cabin to enable the metal piece to be in vacuum;

s3, detecting whether the oxygen concentration in the sealed cabin is lower than a threshold value, if so, performing the next step, and if so, returning to the step S2;

and S4, controlling the laser to polish the surface of the metal piece.

When the laser polishing method is used for polishing, air in the sealed cabin needs to be pumped out firstly, and then polishing is carried out. Therefore, laser polishing is carried out in a vacuum state, no air enters in the polishing process, the surface of the metal piece cannot be oxidized, tiny cracks cannot be generated, and the polishing quality is improved. Compared with the defects of the existing polishing method (waste is caused by introducing protective gas into the sealed cabin for too long time), the oxygen concentration in the sealed cabin is lower due to the fact that the air extraction time is too long in the polishing method, the polishing quality is improved, waste is avoided, and cost is reduced.

Referring to fig. 2, the method may further include: step S0, presetting a polishing range and a polishing path. And before polishing, presetting a polishing range and a polishing path according to the processing requirement. When polishing is needed, the laser polishes the metal piece according to the preset range and the preset path.

The method further includes step S11, previewing the metal component, and adjusting the position of the metal component. And then, placing the metal piece in the sealed cabin, and previewing the metal piece. And during previewing, the laser emits a beam of common light, the beam irradiates on the sealed cabin, the position of the metal piece is adjusted, the polishing starting point of the metal piece is overlapped with the position irradiated by the beam, the polishing starting point of the metal piece is overlapped with the preset polishing starting point, previewing is completed, and then the sealed cabin is closed and sealed.

The laser polishing process will be described in detail below by taking the die steel of S136D as an example. First, a polishing range and a polishing path are preset, the polishing range in this embodiment is 10mm × 10mm squares, and the laser polishing path is a transverse polishing and then a longitudinal polishing.

Referring to fig. 3, assuming that the metal piece 10 is the die steel of S136D requiring polishing, the square 101 is the portion requiring polishing, and the polishing path of the laser is first polished along the X-axis direction from the first column to the last column; and then returning to the polishing starting point, starting polishing along the Y-axis direction, and finishing one polishing from the first row to the last row.

In step S3, a diffusion type oxygen sensor (hereinafter, simply referred to as an oxygen sensor) is selected to detect the oxygen concentration. For example, the threshold value of the oxygen concentration in the capsule is 0.01%, i.e. when the oxygen meter reads less than 0.01, polishing can be started.

Referring to fig. 4, the method further includes step S40, controlling the visual inspection mechanism to inspect the surface of the metal part. The visual detection mechanism can record the surface quality change of the metal piece before and after polishing, namely the change of the surface roughness of the metal piece and the change of the surface appearance of the metal piece. When the surface roughness of the metal piece after polishing does not meet the requirement, polishing is needed again. For example, the initial surface roughness of the die steel of S136D was 4.33 microns, and the surface roughness after polishing was required to be 0.2 microns. When the visual detection mechanism is used for detection, if the surface roughness after polishing is larger than 0.2 micrometer, polishing needs to be carried out again.

Referring to fig. 5, the method further includes step S20, providing a rotating mechanism, and mounting the capsule on the rotating mechanism. Step S41 is further included to control the rotation mechanism to rotate. When a plurality of metal parts need to be polished, the metal parts are placed in the sealed cabin, after one metal part polishing part is finished, the rotating device is controlled to rotate, so that the sealed cabin is driven to rotate, the unpolished metal part is rotated to a polishing position, the unpolished metal part is polished, the plurality of metal parts can be polished, and the polishing efficiency is improved.

In order to implement the laser polishing method, the invention also provides a laser polishing device.

As shown in fig. 6, 7 and 8, the laser polishing apparatus 20 of the present invention includes a sealed cabin 1 for accommodating a metal piece 10 to be polished, a diffusion type oxygen detector 2, a rotation mechanism 3, an air extraction mechanism 4, a visual detection mechanism 5 for detecting the surface of the metal piece, a laser 6 for polishing the surface of the metal piece, a control mechanism 7, a protective housing 8 and a water cooler 9.

The sealed cabin 1 is detachably installed on the rotating mechanism 3, the air pumping mechanism 4 is connected with the sealed cabin 1 through the first pipeline 41, air in the sealed cabin 1 can be pumped out, the diffusion type oxygen detector 2 is connected with the sealed cabin 1 through the second pipeline 21, and oxygen in the sealed cabin 1 can be detected.

The control mechanism 7 is respectively connected with the rotating mechanism 3, the visual detection mechanism 5 and the laser 6, and is used for starting the visual detection mechanism 5, presetting the polishing range and the polishing path of the laser 6, and controlling the rotating mechanism 3 to rotate.

As shown in fig. 9, the sealed cabin 1 includes a cabin 11 and a sealed cover 12, the sealed cover 12 is made of glass, and the sealed cover 12 is connected with the cabin 11 through a buckle 13. When the metal piece sealing device is used, the sealing cover 11 is opened, the metal piece 10 (see the combined figure 3) is placed in the cabin body 11, and after the position of the metal piece 10 is adjusted, the sealing cover 12 is installed on the sealing cabin 12.

The rotating mechanism 3 comprises a rotating member 31 and a motor (not shown), the motor is in transmission connection with the rotating member 31 and can drive the rotating member 31 to rotate, and the control mechanism 7 is electrically connected with the motor. As shown in fig. 10, the rotating member 31 includes a bearing plate 311, a rotating part 312, a base 313 and a limiting member 314. The bearing plate 311 is mounted on the rotating part 312, the rotating part 312 is movably disposed on the base 313, the limiting part 314 is mounted on the base 313 to limit the rotation angle of the rotating part 312, and the base 313 is connected to the motor. Specifically, the rotating portion 312 is spherical, the base 313 is spherical, and balls are disposed in the base 313 to facilitate the rotation of the rotating portion 312. The rotating portion 312 rotates to drive the carrier plate 311 to rotate, and when the rotating portion 312 rotates to a certain angle, the carrier plate 311 abuts against the limiting plate 314, so that the rotating portion 312 is prevented from rotating continuously.

As shown in fig. 6 and 8, the visual inspection mechanism 5 includes a CCD lens 51 and a support arm 52, and the CCD lens 51 is mounted on the support arm 52.

As shown in fig. 6, 7, and 8, the capsule 1, the diffusion type oxygen detector 2, the rotation mechanism 3, the air-extracting mechanism 4, the visual inspection mechanism 5, and the laser 6 are all disposed in a protective case 8. An explosion-proof glass window 81 is arranged on the protective shell 8 to ensure the personal safety of a user. Also provided within the protective casing 8 are overhead lights 82, and illumination lights 83 for illuminating the interior of the capsule 1. An alarm 84 is also provided above the protective casing 8. The water-cooling machine 9 is arranged outside the protective shell 8 to ensure that the temperature of the laser 6 is at a normal temperature in an operating state. The alarm 84 will give an alarm when the temperature of the laser 6 is too high.

It should be understood that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same, and those skilled in the art can modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some technical features; and all such modifications and alterations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.