阅读说明：本技术 具有抗病毒作用的蒽醌衍生物 (Anthraquinone derivatives with antiviral effect ) 是由 黄文� 张伯礼 李幼平 张俊华 于 2020-04-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及具有抗病毒作用的蒽醌衍生物,属于医药技术领域。本发明提供了式Ⅰ、式Ⅱ所示的化合物或其盐在制备抗病毒药物和/或防治病毒性肺炎的药物中的用途。动物实验证明,本发明提供的化合物具有高效、广谱的抗病毒作用,能明显降低模型小鼠的肺部病毒载量,改善肺部损伤,同时降低血清中TNF-α水平,提高IFN-γ水平。(The invention relates to anthraquinone derivatives with antiviral effect, belonging to the technical field of medicines. The invention provides application of compounds shown in formula I and formula II or salts thereof in preparing antiviral drugs and/or drugs for preventing and treating viral pneumonia. Animal experiments prove that the compound provided by the invention has high-efficiency broad-spectrum antiviral effect, can obviously reduce the lung viral load of a model mouse, improves lung injury, reduces the level of TNF-alpha in serum and improves the level of IFN-gamma.)

1. The use of a compound of formula I or a salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of an antiviral medicament and/or a medicament for the prevention or treatment of viral pneumonia:

2. the application of the compound shown in the formula II or the salt thereof in preparing antiviral drugs and/or drugs for preventing and treating viral pneumonia:

3. use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the virus is at least one of influenza virus, coronavirus and HIV virus.

4. Use according to claim 3, characterized in that: the influenza virus is influenza A virus and/or influenza B virus.

5. Use according to claim 3, characterized in that: the coronavirus is SARS-CoV and/or SARS-CoV-2.

6. Use according to claim 3, characterized in that: the HIV virus is HIV-1.

7. Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: at least one of the following is satisfied:

the drug reduces the pulmonary index;

the medicine can relieve lung lesion;

the drug reduces the mortality rate of virus infection;

the drug increases IFN-gamma level in serum;

the drug reduces the level of TNF-alpha in serum;

the drug reduces pulmonary viral load.

8. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the medicine is a preparation prepared by taking a compound shown as a formula I or a salt thereof and a compound shown as a formula II or a salt thereof as active ingredients and adding pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary materials or auxiliary ingredients.

9. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that: the preparation is an oral preparation, a nasal mucosa administration preparation, an oral mucosa administration preparation or an injection preparation.

10. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that: the preparation is common tablets, granules, capsules, medicinal granules, oral liquid, sustained release agents, controlled release agents, effervescent tablets, nasal cavity spray, sublingual tablets or injection.

Technical Field

The invention relates to anthraquinone derivatives with antiviral effect, belonging to the technical field of medicines.

Background

The virus infectious diseases are infectious diseases seriously harming human health, from Spanish influenza causing 500 million deaths in 1918 to mad cow disease in 1996, and to novel coronavirus pneumonia which is not cleared of alarms so far, and the virus continuously challenges epidemic prevention systems of modern medical science and technology with a new face. Viruses are a class of non-cellular microorganisms, consisting primarily of nucleic acids and proteins, with a single genetic material or, strictly parasitic on living cells, using the metabolic system of the host cell for parasitic and proliferative processes, producing cytotoxicity or causing various diseases. Common diseases caused by viruses include influenza, mumps, chickenpox, poliomyelitis, viral hepatitis, cytomegalovirus retinitis, herpes zoster and the like. According to incomplete statistics, viral diseases are as high as 60-65% in human infectious diseases, far exceeding 15% of bacterial infections. In addition, viruses are also associated with tumors, certain heart diseases, congenital malformations, and the like. Therefore, the development of a drug with a remarkable antiviral effect is of great significance.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention aims to provide anthraquinone derivatives having an antiviral action.

The invention provides an application of a compound shown as a formula I or a salt thereof in preparing an antiviral medicament and/or a medicament for preventing and treating viral pneumonia:

the invention provides an application of a compound shown as a formula II or a salt thereof in preparing an antiviral medicament and/or a medicament for preventing and treating viral pneumonia:

further, the virus is selected from at least one of influenza virus, coronavirus and HIV virus.

Further, the influenza virus is influenza A and/or influenza B virus.

Further, the coronavirus is SARS-CoV and/or SARS-CoV-2.

Further, the HIV virus is HIV-1.

Further, the drug decreases the pulmonary index.

Further, the medicament alleviates lung lesions.

Further, the drug reduces the mortality rate of viral infections.

Further, the drug increases the level of IFN-gamma in serum.

Further, the drug reduces serum TNF- α levels.

Further, the drug reduces pulmonary viral load.

Furthermore, the medicine is a preparation prepared by taking a compound shown in a formula I or a salt thereof and a compound shown in a formula II or a salt thereof as active ingredients and adding pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary materials or auxiliary ingredients.

Further, the preparation is an oral preparation, a nasal mucosa administration preparation, an oral mucosa administration preparation or an injection preparation.

Furthermore, the preparation is common tablets, granules, capsules, medicinal granules, oral liquid, sustained-release agents, controlled-release agents, effervescent tablets, nasal spray, sublingual tablets or injection.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the medicament comprises one or more inert, non-toxic, pharmacologically suitable excipients.

Preferably, the excipient is selected from at least one of a carrier (e.g. microcrystalline cellulose, lactose, mannitol, starch), a solvent (e.g. liquid polyethylene glycol), an emulsifier, a dispersing agent, a wetting agent (e.g. sodium lauryl sulphate, polyoxysorbitan oleate, propylene glycol), a binder (e.g. polyvinylpyrrolidone), a stabilizer (e.g. an antioxidant such as ascorbic acid), a colorant (e.g. an inorganic pigment such as iron oxide), a perfume.

The effective dosage of the compound of formula I and the compound of formula II can vary according to the administration mode, the age and weight of the patient, the severity of the disease condition and other relevant factors, and the recommended dosage is 500-1000 mg/time and 1-2 times per day when the compound of formula I and the compound of formula II are orally administered; the recommended dose for nasal spray administration is 3 times daily; the recommended dose for injection is 15-45 mg/time, 1 time per day.

The present invention provides anthraquinone derivatives having an antiviral effect. Animal experiments prove that the anthraquinone derivative provided by the invention has high-efficiency and broad-spectrum antiviral effect, can obviously reduce the lung virus load of a virus infection model mouse, improves lung injury, and simultaneously reduces the TNF-alpha level in serum and improves the IFN-gamma level. Different formulations of the compound have application prospects of antiviral drugs, are developed and researched according to the approval method of national innovative drugs, are expected to become high-efficiency low-toxicity broad-spectrum antiviral new drugs, have clear industrialization prospects, and have potential great economic benefits.

Detailed Description

In one aspect, the present invention provides the use of a compound of formula i or a salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of an antiviral and/or viral pneumonia:

in another aspect, the invention provides the use of a compound of formula ii or a salt thereof in the manufacture of an antiviral medicament and/or a medicament for the prophylaxis or treatment of viral pneumonia:

the present invention has been completed based on the following findings of the inventors: emodin is the main active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicines such as rhubarb, giant knotweed and the like, and is mainly used as a laxative in clinic. Although emodin also shows pharmacological activity against viruses, the antiviral effect is weak, and the activity still needs to be improved, and especially when the emodin is used for resisting novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection and pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection, the emodin can not show good effect. For this reason, the inventors tried to make structural modifications on the basis of emodin.

The chemical structure of emodin is shown as follows:

the inventor discovers that the antiviral activity of the compound can be remarkably improved by introducing chlorine substitution on the ring A through structure-effect relationship examination. Moreover, even if halogen is used, after bromine or iodine is introduced to the ring A, the obtained iodo-emodin and bromo-emodin have obviously weaker antiviral action than the emodin derivatives shown in the formula I and the formula II, and chlorine is proved to be a dominant substituent. Thus, the present invention obtains potential antiviral medicine, especially for treating SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The scheme of the invention will be explained with reference to the examples. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the invention only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples, where specific techniques or conditions are not indicated, are to be construed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.

The compound A is 4-chloro-1, 3, 8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-9, 10-dihydroanthracene-9, 10-dione (formula I), and the compound B is 2-chloro-1, 3, 8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-9, 10-dihydroanthracene-9, 10-dione (formula II). Compound C, Emodin (Emodin), compound D4-iodo-1, 3, 8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-9, 10-dihydroanthracene-9, 10-dione, compound E2-iodo-1, 3, 8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-9 for pharmacodynamic comparisons, 10-dihydroanthracene-9, 10-dione, compound F is 4-bromo-1, 3, 8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-9, 10-dihydroanthracene-9, 10-dione, compound G is 2-bromo-1, 3, 8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-9, 10-dihydroanthracene-9, 10-dione, each having the following chemical structure:

EXAMPLE 1 preparation of an injection preparation of the invention

Taking 20g of monomer compound of compound A or compound B, respectively adding 100m1 of 1, 2-propylene glycol, fully dissolving, adding sterile water for injection to dilute to 1000mL, mixing uniformly, and subpackaging in 1000 ampoule bottles, wherein each bottle contains lmL mg of compound A or compound B.

EXAMPLE 2 preparation of tablets of the invention

Taking 100g of compound A or compound B monomer compound, adding 200g of medicinal starch, mixing the two, and making into 1000 tablets, each tablet is 0.3g, and the weight of compound A or compound B is 100 mg.

EXAMPLE 3 preparation of capsules of the invention

Taking 20g of compound A or compound B monomer compound, adding 280g of medicinal starch, mixing the two, and making into 1000 capsules, wherein each capsule is 0.3g, and the weight of the compound A or compound B is 20 mg.

EXAMPLE 4 preparation of the granules of the invention

Taking 20g of the compound A or the compound B monomer compound, adding 280g of medicinal starch, fully mixing the compound A or the compound B monomer compound and the medicinal starch, preparing the mixture into extract powder by spray drying, and then adding auxiliary materials for granulating by an extrusion granulator.

EXAMPLE 5 preparation of sprays of the invention

Taking 20g of monomer compound of compound A or compound B, adding 100m1 of 1, 2-propylene glycol, fully dissolving, adding sterile water for injection to dilute to 1000mL, mixing uniformly, and subpackaging into 1000 spray bottles, wherein each bottle contains lmL mg of compound A or compound B.

EXAMPLE 6 preparation of sustained Release agent of the present invention

The weight range of the A, B monomer compound in the sustained-release tablet (calculated by 1 tablet) is 60-120 mg.

A. Sieving and mixing monomer compound powder A or B60-120 mg, diluent microcrystalline cellulose 20-75mg, filler starch 50-150mg, and sustained release material carboxymethyl cellulose 10-50 mg;

B. mixing the mixed medicinal powder with 5-75% ethanol solution or 0.5-5% hypromellose as binder for 12-18 min to obtain soft material;

C. granulating the soft material with 16 mesh nylon sieve, drying at 60 deg.C, taking out, air drying, grading with 14 mesh iron wire sieve, adding 3-4mg magnesium stearate as lubricant for glidant, and mixing;

D. sampling and measuring the content, calculating the weight of the tablet, tabletting and coating the outer layer of the tablet core with a film coat according to a conventional method.

EXAMPLE 7 preparation of controlled Release agent of the present invention

60-120mg of A or B monomer compound powder of an active agent, 200mg of microcrystalline cellulose, 70mg of K4M type hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, 65mg of K15M type hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and 70mg of K100M type hydroxypropyl methylcellulose are added into a mixer, mixed for 10min at 10r/min, added with 5mg of magnesium stearate and 2.5mg of silicon dioxide, mixed for 3min at 10r/min, and tabletted by a rotary tabletting machine, wherein the hardness control range of the tablet is 50-80N. A powder of a monomeric compound a or B of an active agent, said dosage form providing an in vitro dissolution rate of from about 5% to about 50% of A, B monomeric compound released after 1 hour when tested according to USP Apparatus Type Il (paddle method) at 100rpm using 1000ml of distilled water containing 2.0% sodium lauryl sulfate maintained at a temperature of about 37 ± 0.5 ℃ as dissolution medium; about 40% to about 85% of the A, B monomer compound is released after 6 hours; and releasing not less than about 70% A, B monomer compound after 12 hours.

EXAMPLE 8 preparation of effervescent tablets of the invention

(1) Taking the monomer compound A or B, adding part of the filler, and drying for later use;

(2) respectively drying boric acid and effervescent agent for later use;

(3) calcining Alumen;

(4) pulverizing the above materials, adding disintegrating agent, mixing, adding binder, mixing, granulating, grading, adding anhydrous alcohol solution of Borneolum Syntheticum, Camphora, and benzalkonium bromide, mixing, and making into tablet.

EXAMPLE 9 preparation of sublingual tablets of the invention

Firstly, preparing blank granules from lactose and powdered sugar by using 17% starch slurry, then mixing a 10% ethanol solution (fed by 120%) of monomer compound A or B into the fine powder (less than 30 days) of the blank granules, sieving the mixture twice by using a 10-mesh sieve, drying the mixture for 50-60 minutes at the temperature of below 40 ℃, then uniformly mixing the dried mixture with the blank granules and magnesium stearate prepared in advance, and tabletting to obtain the finished product.

EXAMPLE 10 preparation of granules of the invention

Mixing monomer compound powder A or B, sugar powder and dextrin, granulating with water or aqueous ethanol, drying, grading, packaging, inspecting, and storing.

EXAMPLE 11 preparation of oral liquid of the invention

Adding purified water into monomer compound powder A or B, heating to dissolve, adding Mel and active carbon, boiling, passing through , cold preserving, filtering, adding Xun citric acid into filtrate, adding purified water to adjust to the required amount, packaging, and sterilizing.

The beneficial effects of the invention are proved by the pharmacodynamic experiments below. The experimental materials were as follows:

1 laboratory animal

SPF grade 8 week old male C57 mice were purchased from Duoduo Biotechnology Ltd. Every 5 mice are raised in a cage at a constant temperature (25 +/-)) And under lighting control (12h day/night cycle), animals were fed on standard feed and water for one week in the center of western experimental animals before the start of the experiment. The experiment is approved by the ethical committee of animal protection in western hospital of Sichuan university, and all animal experiment operations are performed according to school and national standards.

2 drugs and reagents:

2.1 medicine

Ribavirin granules (Hunan Qianjin Xiangjiang pharmaceutical products Co., Ltd., batch No. 161020); H1N1 influenza A virus mouse lung adapted strain (FM1 strain, Beijing local strain from China CDC Virus research institute); b, flow; coronavirus HcoV-229E; novel coronavirus SARS-COV-19; HIV 2.2 agents

ELISA kits for MMP-1, MMP-3 and IL-1 β (TSZ Scientific LLC, Framingham, MA, USA); ELISA kits for PGE2 (R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MA, USA).

2.3 instruments

Electronic balance scales, EL104 model, manufactured by shanghai yuiping scientific instruments ltd; model 3K15 desk top refrigerated centrifuge, manufactured by Sigma company, germany; a Sunrise microplate reader manufactured by Tecan of switzerland; BX41 optical microscope (OLYMPUS, japan).

Test example 1 inhibitory Effect of anthraquinone derivatives of the present invention on influenza A Virus and pneumonia caused by the same 1.1 in vivo modeling and administration of influenza A Virus

C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 90 groups of 15 mice each, which were Normal group (Normal), Model group (Model), Compound A/B Capsule group, ribavirin Capsule group, Compound C-G Capsule group, Compound A/B granule group, ribavirin granule group, Compound C-G granule group, Compound A/B tablet group, ribavirin tablet group, Compound C-G tablet group, Compound A/B injection group, ribavirin injection group, Compound C-G injection group, Compound A/B spray group, ribavirin spray group, Compound C-G spray group, Compound A/B sustained Release agent, ribavirin sustained Release agent, Compound C-G sustained Release agent, Compound A/B controlled Release agent, Compound C-G controlled Release agent, Compound C-G tablet, Compound C-G-C-G sustained Release agent, Compound C-B-C-B-tablet, Compound, Compound A/B effervescent tablets, ribavirin effervescent tablets, compound C-G effervescent tablets, compound A/B sublingual tablets, ribavirin sublingual tablets, compound C-G sublingual tablets, compound A/B granules, ribavirin granules, compound C-G granules, compound A/B oral liquid, ribavirin oral liquid and compound C-G oral liquid. After adaptive breeding for 2 days, virus inoculation is started, influenza virus is inoculated on day 1, normal mice are inoculated with normal saline by nasal drip, and other mice are inoculated with 50 mu L of influenza A H1N1 virus FM1 strain (the hemagglutination titer is 1:320) by nasal drip, and the administration is carried out after 24H. The drug intervention treatment is carried out on days 2 to 8, wherein normal group and model group mice are infused with physiological saline solution in a volume of 10mL/kg, and the mice of each formulation group of ribavirin are infused with ribavirin preparation in the same volume, such as infusion, nasal spray or tail vein injection, and the compounds A-G capsule group, the compound A-G sustained release formulation group, the compound A-G controlled release formulation group, the compound A-G effervescent tablet group, the compound A-G granule group, the compound A-G oral liquid group, the compound A-G granule group and the compound A-G tablet group are infused with the compounds A-G in different formulations; the compound A-G is injected into the tail vein of the injection group to be injected with the compound A-G with the same volume; compounds a-G spray group nasal spray compounds a-G; the sublingual tablet group of the compounds A-G contains the compounds A-G sublingually under anesthesia, and the administration dose of each group is 58.5mg/kg and is continuously administered to 8 days. The systemic responses including hair, activity, defecation, feeding, respiration, etc. were observed daily for each group of mice after infection with virus, and the daily body mass and death of the mice were recorded. 1.2 determination of pulmonary index and pulmonary index inhibition Rate

On day 9 after the infection with mouse virus, the mice were sacrificed, the body mass was weighed, the whole lung was taken out and washed with physiological saline, the lung mass was weighed by absorbing water with clean filter paper, and the lung index inhibition rate were calculated.

Lung index ═ lung mass/body mass × 100%

Lung index inhibition rate ═ [ model group average lung index-administration group average lung index ]/[ model group average lung index-blank control group average lung index ] × 100%

1.3 determination of the degree of Lung lesions

The appearance of the lung tissue was observed and recorded. The degree of lesion in the mouse lung was graded. No lesion is marked as 0, the lesion degree of less than 25% is marked as 1, 50% and greater than or equal to 25% are marked as 2, the lesion degree of 50% -75% is marked as 3, and the lesion degree of greater than 75% is marked as 4; the lesion area occupied almost the entire lung was recorded as 5, and the lung disease reduction rate was calculated. Lung disease reduction rate ═ [ model group mean lung lesion-administration group mean lung lesion ]/[ model group mean lung lesion-blank control group mean lung lesion ] × 100%

1.4 measurement of cytokines in mouse serum

Blood was collected from the heart after anesthesia of all mice, the blood was collected in a centrifuge tube, left to stand for 30min, centrifuged for 15min at 4000rpm/min in a low temperature high speed centrifuge, and serum was collected in another clean centrifuge tube. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is adopted for detection, the contents of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in serum are determined, and the detection is carried out strictly according to the kit operation instructions.

1.5 statistical analysis

Using SPSS11.5 software, data andshowing that the comparison among groups adopts one-way anova, P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

1.6 results of the practice

1.6.1 general case observations

The normal group mice had good mental status and had acute response to the external environment. After 2 days of virus infection, the model group mice gradually had reduced diet, reduced urine volume, loose hair, shortness of breath, lethargy, conglobation and curling, aversion to cold and trembling, rigid activity and listlessness. The compound A/B and ribavirin can improve and relieve the symptoms of the mice, and the improvement condition is more obvious than that of the compound C-G.

1.6.2 degree of lung lesions in mice

As can be seen from Table 1, in the reduction rate of lung lesions in mice, different formulations of the compound A/B can reduce lung lesions to a certain extent, and the curative effect is higher than that of the formulation groups of ribavirin and the compound C-G.

1.6.3 pulmonary index, pulmonary index inhibition, mortality in mice

As can be seen from Table 1, the mouse infection virus model established by the experiment is reliable, wherein the lung index of each dosage form group of the compound A and the compound B is remarkably reduced (P is less than 0.05) compared with that of the model group, which indicates that different dosage forms of the compound A and the compound B can relieve lung lesion caused by influenza virus and the medicine has certain curative effect. The lung index of each dosage form group of the compounds C-G is similar to that of the model group, which indicates that the compounds C-G can not effectively reduce lung lesion caused by influenza virus. The normal group has no death, the model group has higher death condition, and the death rate reaches 46.67 percent. Compared with the model group, the different dosage form groups of the compound A and the compound B have the tendency of reducing the mortality rate of virus-infected mice, and the injection group of the compound A and the compound B has better effect of reducing the mortality rate and is better than the dosage form groups of ribavirin and the compounds C-G.

TABLE 1

1.6.4 mouse serum TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma content

As can be seen from Table 2, the serum content of the cytokine TNF-alpha in the mice infected with the influenza A H1N1 virus is significantly higher than that in the normal group (P <0.05), and the content of IFN-gamma is significantly lower than that in the normal group (P < 0.05). Compared with a model group, the compound A/B and ribavirin can obviously promote the secretion and expression of an inflammation inhibiting factor IFN-gamma and inhibit the secretion and expression of a proinflammatory factor TNF-alpha (P < 0.05). The compound C-G dosage form groups can not effectively reduce the level of proinflammatory factor TNF-alpha and promote the secretion and expression of the inflammation inhibiting factor IFN-gamma.

TABLE 2

1.6.5 viral load in mouse Lung tissue

As can be seen from table 3, the viral load in lung tissue of influenza virus-infected mice was significantly higher than that of the normal group (P < 0.05). Compared with a model group, the compound A/B and ribavirin can obviously inhibit the viral load of lung tissues (P is less than 0.05) in each dosage form group, and the effect of the compound A/B is better than that of the compound C-G.

TABLE 3

Test example 2 inhibitory Effect of anthraquinone derivatives of the present invention on influenza B Virus and pneumonia caused by the same 2.1 in vivo modeling and administration of influenza B Virus

C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 90 groups of 15 mice each, which were Normal group (Normal), Model group (Model), Compound A/B Capsule group, ribavirin Capsule group, Compound C-G Capsule group, Compound A/B granule group, ribavirin granule group, Compound C-G granule group, Compound A/B tablet group, ribavirin tablet group, Compound C-G tablet group, Compound A/B injection group, ribavirin injection group, Compound C-G injection group, Compound A/B spray group, ribavirin spray group, Compound C-G spray group, Compound A/B sustained Release agent, ribavirin sustained Release agent, Compound C-G sustained Release agent, Compound A/B controlled Release agent, Compound C-G controlled Release agent, Compound C-G tablet, Compound C-G-C-G sustained Release agent, Compound C-B-C-B-tablet, Compound, Compound A/B effervescent tablets, ribavirin effervescent tablets, compound C-G effervescent tablets, compound A/B sublingual tablets, ribavirin sublingual tablets, compound C-G sublingual tablets, compound A/B granules, ribavirin granules, compound C-G granules, compound A/B oral liquid, ribavirin oral liquid and compound C-G oral liquid. After adaptive feeding for 2 days, virus inoculation is started, influenza virus is inoculated on day 1, normal mice are inoculated with normal saline by nasal drip, and other mice are inoculated with 50 mu L influenza B virus (the hemagglutination titer is 1:320) by nasal drip, and administration is carried out after 24 h. The drug intervention treatment is carried out on days 2 to 8, wherein normal group and model group mice are drenched, sprayed or injected with normal saline at the volume of 10mL/kg, the mice of each formulation group of ribavirin are drenched, sprayed with nasal cavity or injected with ribavirin preparation with the same volume, the compound A-G capsule group, the compound A-G slow release formulation group, the compound A-G controlled release formulation group, the compound A-G effervescent tablet group, the compound A-G granule group, the compound A-G oral liquid group, the compound A-G granule group and the compound A-G tablet group are drenched with compound A-G with different formulations, the compound A-G injection group is injected with the tail vein of the compound A-G, the compound A-G spray group is sprayed with the nasal cavity of the compound A-G, the compound A-G sublingual tablet group contains the compound A-G with the same dosage under the anesthesia state, each group was administered at a dose of 58.5mg/kg continuously up to day 8. The systemic responses including hair, activity, defecation, feeding, respiration, etc. were observed daily for each group of mice after infection with virus, and the daily body mass and death of the mice were recorded.

2.2 determination of pulmonary index and pulmonary index inhibition Rate

On day 9 after the infection with mouse virus, the mice were sacrificed, the body mass was weighed, the whole lung was taken out and washed with physiological saline, the lung mass was weighed by absorbing water with clean filter paper, and the lung index inhibition rate were calculated.

Lung index ═ lung mass/body mass × 100%

Lung index inhibition rate ═ [ model group average lung index-administration group average lung index ]/[ model group average lung index-blank control group average lung index ] × 100%

2.3 determination of the degree of Lung lesions

The appearance of the lung tissue was observed and recorded. The degree of lesion in the mouse lung was graded. No lesion is recorded as 0, the lesion degree of less than 25% is recorded as 1, the lesion degree of more than or equal to 25% is recorded as 2, the lesion degree of 50-75% is recorded as 3, and the lesion degree of more than 75% is recorded as 4; the lesion area occupied almost the entire lung was recorded as 5, and the lung disease reduction rate was calculated.

Lung disease reduction rate ═ [ model group mean lung lesion-administration group mean lung lesion ]/[ model group mean lung lesion-blank control group mean lung lesion ] × 100%

2.4 measurement of mouse serum cytokines

Blood was collected from the heart after anesthesia of all mice, the blood was collected in a centrifuge tube, left to stand for 30min, centrifuged for 15min at 4000rpm/min in a low temperature high speed centrifuge, and serum was collected in another clean centrifuge tube. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is adopted for detection, the contents of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in serum are determined, and the detection is carried out strictly according to the kit operation instructions.

2.5 statistical analysis

Using SPSS11.5 software, data andshow that the comparison among groups adopts a single factorElemental analysis of variance, P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

2.6 results of practice

2.6.1 general case observations

The normal group mice had good mental status and had acute response to the external environment. After 2 days of virus infection, the model group mice gradually had reduced diet, reduced urine volume, loose hair, shortness of breath, lethargy, conglobation and curling, aversion to cold and trembling, rigid activity and listlessness. The compound A/B and ribavirin can improve and relieve the symptoms of the mice, and the improvement condition is more obvious than that of the compound C-G.

2.6.2 degree of pulmonary lesions in mice

As shown in Table 4, in the aspect of reducing the lung lesion rate of mice, different formulations of the compound A/B can reduce the lung lesion to a certain extent, and the curative effect is higher than that of the formulation groups of ribavirin and the compound C-G.

2.6.3 pulmonary index, pulmonary index inhibition rate, and mortality rate of mice

As can be seen from Table 4, the mouse infection virus model established by the experiment is reliable, wherein the lung indexes of the compound A/B injection group and other dosage form groups are remarkably reduced (P is less than 0.05) compared with the model group, which indicates that different dosage forms of the compound A/B can reduce lung lesion caused by influenza virus and the medicine has certain curative effect. The lung index of each dosage form group of the compounds C-G is similar to that of the model group, which indicates that the compounds C-G can not effectively reduce lung lesion caused by influenza virus. The normal group has no death, the model group has higher death condition, and the death rate reaches 53.33 percent. Compared with the model group, the different dosage form groups of the compound A/B have the tendency of reducing the mortality rate of virus-infected mice. In addition, the compound A/B injection group has better effect of reducing the death rate and is superior to ribavirin and compound C-G dosage forms.

TABLE 4

2.6.4 mouse serum TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma content

As can be seen from Table 5, the serum content of the cytokine TNF-alpha in the mice infected with influenza B virus is significantly higher than that in the normal group (P <0.05), and the content of IFN-gamma is significantly lower than that in the normal group (P < 0.05). Compared with a model group, the compound A/B and ribavirin can obviously promote the secretion and expression of an inflammation inhibiting factor IFN-gamma and inhibit the secretion and expression of a proinflammatory factor TNF-alpha (P < 0.05). The compound C-G dosage form groups can not effectively reduce the level of proinflammatory factor TNF-alpha and promote the secretion and expression of the inflammation inhibiting factor IFN-gamma.

TABLE 5

2.6.5 viral load in mouse Lung tissue

As can be seen from table 6, the viral load in lung tissue of influenza virus-infected mice was significantly higher than that of the normal group (P < 0.05). Compared with a model group, each dosage form group and ribavirin group of the compound A/B can obviously inhibit the viral load of lung tissues (P is less than 0.05), and the effect of the compound A/B is obviously better than that of the compound C-G.

TABLE 6

Test example 3 inhibitory Effect of anthraquinone derivatives of the present invention on SARS-Cov coronavirus and pneumonia caused by the same 3.1 coronavirus in vivo modeling and administration

C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 90 groups of 15 mice each, which were Normal group (Normal), Model group (Model), Compound A/B Capsule group, ribavirin Capsule group, Compound C-G Capsule group, Compound A/B granule group, ribavirin granule group, Compound C-G granule group, Compound A/B tablet group, ribavirin tablet group, Compound C-G tablet group, Compound A/B injection group, ribavirin injection group, Compound C-G injection group, Compound A/B spray group, ribavirin spray group, Compound C-G spray group, Compound A/B sustained Release agent, ribavirin sustained Release agent, Compound C-G sustained Release agent, Compound A/B controlled Release agent, Compound C-G controlled Release agent, Compound C-G tablet, Compound C-G-C-G sustained Release agent, Compound C-B-C-B-tablet, Compound, Compound A/B effervescent tablets, ribavirin effervescent tablets, compound C-G effervescent tablets, compound A/B sublingual tablets, ribavirin sublingual tablets, compound C-G sublingual tablets, compound A/B granules, ribavirin granules, compound C-G granules, compound A/B oral liquid, ribavirin oral liquid and compound C-G oral liquid. After adaptive feeding for 2 days, virus inoculation is started, coronavirus SARS-CoV is inoculated on day 1, normal group mice are inoculated with normal saline by nasal drip, and other groups of mice are inoculated with 50 mu L coronavirus by nasal drip, and administration is carried out after 24 h. The drug intervention treatment is carried out on days 2 to 8, wherein normal group and model group mice are drenched, sprayed or injected with normal saline at the volume of 10mL/kg, the mice of each formulation group of ribavirin are drenched, sprayed with nasal cavity or injected with ribavirin preparation with the same volume, the compound A-G capsule group, the compound A-G slow release formulation group, the compound A-G controlled release formulation group, the compound A-G effervescent tablet group, the compound A-G granule group, the compound A-G oral liquid group, the compound A-G granule group and the compound A-G tablet group are drenched with compound A-G with different formulations, the compound A-G injection group is injected with the tail vein of the compound A-G, the compound A-G spray group is sprayed with the nasal cavity of the compound A-G, the compound A-G sublingual tablet group contains the compound A-G with the same dosage under the anesthesia state, each group was administered at a dose of 58.5mg/kg continuously up to day 8. The systemic responses including hair, activity, defecation, food intake, respiration, etc. were observed daily for each group of mice after infection with virus, and daily anal temperature, body mass and death of the mice were recorded.

3.2 determination of pulmonary index and pulmonary index inhibition Rate

On day 9 after the infection with mouse virus, the mice were sacrificed, the body mass was weighed, the whole lung was taken out and washed with physiological saline, the lung mass was weighed by absorbing water with clean filter paper, and the lung index inhibition rate were calculated.

Lung index ═ lung mass/body mass × 100%

Lung index inhibition rate ═ [ model group average lung index-administration group average lung index ]/[ model group average lung index-blank control group average lung index ] × 100%

3.3 determination of the degree of Lung lesions

The appearance of the lung tissue was observed and recorded. The degree of lesion in the mouse lung was graded. No lesion is marked as 0, the lesion degree of less than 25% is marked as 1, 50% and greater than or equal to 25% are marked as 2, the lesion degree of 50% -75% is marked as 3, and the lesion degree of greater than 75% is marked as 4; the lesion area occupied almost the entire lung was recorded as 5, and the lung disease reduction rate was calculated.

Lung disease reduction rate ═ [ model group mean lung lesion-administration group mean lung lesion ]/[ model group mean lung lesion-blank control group mean lung lesion ] × 100%

3.4 measurement of mouse serum cytokines

Blood is collected from eyeballs of all mice, the blood is collected in a centrifuge tube, the centrifuge tube is kept stand for 30min, the mice are centrifuged for 15min at 4000rpm/min in a low-temperature high-speed centrifuge, and serum is collected in another clean centrifuge tube. Detecting by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), determining the content of TNF & lt- & gt and IFN & lt- & gt in serum, and strictly performing according to the kit operation instructions.

3.5 statistical analysis

Using SPSS11.5 software, data andshowing that the comparison among groups adopts one-way anova, P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

3.6 results of practice

3.6.1 general case observations

The normal group mice had good mental status and had acute response to the external environment. After 2 days of virus infection, the model group mice gradually had reduced diet, reduced urine volume, loose hair, shortness of breath, lethargy, conglobation and curling, aversion to cold and trembling, rigid activity and listlessness. The compound A/B and ribavirin can improve and relieve the symptoms of the mice, and the improvement condition is more obvious than that of the compound C-G.

3.6.2 degree of pulmonary lesions in mice

As can be seen from Table 7, in terms of the reduction rate of pulmonary lesions in mice, different formulations of the compound A/B can reduce pulmonary lesions to a certain extent, and the curative effect is higher than that of the formulation groups of ribavirin and the compound C-G.

3.6.3 pulmonary index, pulmonary index inhibition rate, and mortality rate of mice

As can be seen from Table 7, the mouse infection virus model established by the experiment is reliable, wherein the lung indexes of the compound A/B injection group and other dosage form groups are remarkably reduced (P is less than 0.05) compared with the model group, which indicates that different dosage forms of the compound A/B can reduce lung lesion caused by influenza virus and the medicine has certain curative effect. The lung index of each dosage form group of the compounds C-G is similar to that of the model group, which indicates that the compounds C-G can not effectively reduce lung lesion caused by influenza virus. The normal group has no death, the model group has higher death condition, and the death rate reaches 46.67 percent. Compared with the model group, the different dosage form groups of the compound A/B have the tendency of reducing the mortality rate of virus-infected mice. In addition, the compound A/B injection group has better effect of reducing the death rate and is superior to ribavirin and compound C-G dosage forms.

TABLE 7

3.6.4 mouse serum TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma content

As can be seen from Table 8, the serum content of the cytokine TNF-alpha in the mice infected with coronavirus is significantly higher than that in the normal group (P <0.05), and the content of IFN-gamma is significantly lower than that in the normal group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, each dosage form group and ribavirin group of the compound A/B can obviously promote the secretion and expression of the anti-inflammatory factor IFN-gamma and inhibit the secretion and expression of the pro-inflammatory factor TNF-alpha (P < 0.05). The compound C-G dosage form groups can not effectively reduce the level of proinflammatory factor TNF-alpha and promote the secretion and expression of the inflammation inhibiting factor IFN-gamma.

TABLE 8

3.6.5 viral load in mouse Lung tissue

As can be seen from table 9, the viral load in lung tissue of influenza virus-infected mice was significantly higher than that of the normal group (P < 0.05). Compared with a model group, each dosage form group and ribavirin group of the compound A/B can obviously inhibit the viral load of lung tissues (P is less than 0.05), and the effect of the compound A/B is obviously better than that of the compound C-G.

TABLE 9

Test example 4 inhibitory Effect of the anthraquinone derivative of the present invention on novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and pneumonia caused by the same

4.1 in vivo modeling and administration of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 90 groups of 15 mice each, which were Normal group (Normal), Model group (Model), Compound A/B Capsule group, ribavirin Capsule group, Compound C-G Capsule group, Compound A/B granule group, ribavirin granule group, Compound C-G granule group, Compound A/B tablet group, ribavirin tablet group, Compound C-G tablet group, Compound A/B injection group, ribavirin injection group, Compound C-G injection group, Compound A/B spray group, ribavirin spray group, Compound C-G spray group, Compound A/B sustained Release agent, ribavirin sustained Release agent, Compound C-G sustained Release agent, Compound A/B controlled Release agent, Compound C-G controlled Release agent, Compound C-G tablet, Compound C-G-C-G sustained Release agent, Compound C-B-C-B-tablet, Compound, Compound A/B effervescent tablets, ribavirin effervescent tablets, compound C-G effervescent tablets, compound A/B sublingual tablets, ribavirin sublingual tablets, compound C-G sublingual tablets, compound A/B granules, ribavirin granules, compound C-G granules, compound A/B oral liquid, ribavirin oral liquid and compound C-G oral liquid. After adaptive feeding for 2 days, virus inoculation is started, the virus is inoculated on the 1 st day, normal mice are inoculated with normal saline by nasal drip, and the other mice are inoculated with 50 mu LSARS-CoV-2 virus strain by nasal drip, and the administration is carried out after 24 h. The drug intervention treatment is carried out on days 2 to 8, wherein normal group and model group mice are drenched, sprayed or injected with normal saline at the volume of 10mL/kg, the mice of each formulation group of ribavirin are drenched, sprayed with nasal spray or injected with ribavirin preparation with the same volume, the compound A-G capsule group, the compound A-G slow release formulation group, the compound A-G controlled release formulation group, the compound A-G effervescent tablet group, the compound A-G granule group, the compound A-G oral liquid group, the compound A-G granule group and the compound A-G tablet group are drenched with compound A-G with different formulations, the compound A-G injection group is injected with the tail vein of the compound A-G, the compound A-G spray group is sprayed with the nasal spray compound A-G, the compound A-G contains the compound A-G in a sublingual tablet group under the anesthesia state, each group was administered at a dose of 58.5mg/kg continuously up to day 8. The systemic responses including hair, activity, defecation, feeding, respiration, etc. were observed daily for each group of mice after infection with virus, and the daily body mass and death of the mice were recorded.

4.2 determination of pulmonary index and pulmonary index inhibition Rate

The mice are sacrificed 9 days after the infection of the mouse virus, the body mass is weighed, the whole lung is taken out and washed by physiological saline, the water is absorbed by clean filter paper, the lung mass is weighed, and the lung index inhibition rate are calculated.

Lung index ═ lung mass/body mass × 100%

Lung index inhibition rate ═ [ model group average lung index-administration group average lung index ]/[ model group average lung index-blank control group average lung index ] × 100%

4.3 determination of the degree of Lung lesions

The appearance of the lung tissue was observed and recorded. The degree of lesion in the mouse lung was graded. No lesion is marked as 0, the lesion degree of less than 25% is marked as 1, 50% and greater than or equal to 25% are marked as 2, the lesion degree of 50% -75% is marked as 3, and the lesion degree of greater than 75% is marked as 4; the lesion area occupied almost the entire lung was recorded as 5, and the lung disease reduction rate was calculated.

Lung disease reduction rate ═ [ model group mean lung lesion-administration group mean lung lesion ]/[ model group mean lung lesion-blank control group mean lung lesion ] × 100%

4.4 measurement of mouse serum cytokines

Blood is collected from eyeballs of all mice, the blood is collected in a centrifuge tube, the centrifuge tube is kept stand for 30min, the mice are centrifuged for 15min at 4000rpm/min in a low-temperature high-speed centrifuge, and serum is collected in another clean centrifuge tube. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is adopted for detection, the contents of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in serum are determined, and the detection is carried out strictly according to the kit operation instructions.

4.5 statistical analysis

Using SPSS11.5 software, data andshowing that the comparison among groups adopts one-way anova, P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

4.6 results of the practice

4.6.1 general case observations

The normal group mice had good mental status and had acute response to the external environment. After 2 days of virus infection, the model group mice gradually had reduced diet, reduced urine volume, loose hair, shortness of breath, lethargy, conglobation and curling, aversion to cold and trembling, rigid activity and listlessness. The compound A/B and ribavirin can improve and relieve the symptoms of the mice, and the improvement condition is more obvious than that of the compound C-G.

4.6.2 degree of lung lesions in mice

As can be seen from Table 10, in terms of the lung disease reduction rate of mice, different formulations of the compound A/B can reduce lung diseases to a certain extent, and the curative effect is higher than that of the formulation groups of ribavirin and the compound C-G.

4.6.3 pulmonary index, pulmonary index inhibition rate, and mortality rate of mice

As can be seen from Table 10, the experimentally established mouse model for infecting virus is reliable, wherein the pulmonary index of the injection group of the compound A/B and the pulmonary index of other dosage forms are significantly reduced (P is less than 0.05) compared with the model group, which indicates that different dosage forms of the compound A/B can reduce the pulmonary lesion caused by influenza virus and the medicament has certain curative effect. The lung index of each dosage form group of the compounds C-G is similar to that of the model group, which indicates that the compounds C-G can not effectively reduce lung lesion caused by influenza virus. The normal group has no death, the model group has higher death condition, and the death rate reaches 60.00 percent. Compared with the model group, the different dosage form groups of the compound A/B have the tendency of reducing the mortality rate of virus-infected mice. In addition, the compound A/B injection group has better effect of reducing the death rate and is superior to ribavirin and compound C-G dosage forms.

Watch 10

4.6.4 mouse serum TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma content

As can be seen from Table 11, the serum content of the cytokine TNF- α in mice infected with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was significantly higher than that in the normal group (P <0.05) and the content of IFN- γ was significantly lower than that in the normal group (P < 0.05). Compared with a model group, each dosage form group of the compound A/B and ribavirin can obviously promote the secretion and expression of an inflammation inhibiting factor IFN-gamma and inhibit the secretion and expression of a proinflammatory factor TNF-alpha (P < 0.05). The compound C-G dosage form groups can not effectively inhibit the level of proinflammatory factor TNF-alpha and promote the secretion and expression of the inflammation-inhibiting factor IFN-gamma.

TABLE 11

4.6.5 viral load in mouse Lung tissue

As can be seen from table 12, the viral load in lung tissue of influenza virus-infected mice was significantly higher than that of the normal group (P < 0.05). Compared with a model group, each dosage form group and ribavirin group of the compound A/B can obviously inhibit the viral load of lung tissues (P is less than 0.05), and the effect of the compound A/B is obviously better than that of the compound C-G.

TABLE 12

Test example 5 inhibitory Effect of the anthraquinone derivatives of the present invention on HIV Virus and pneumonia caused by the same

5.1 in vivo modeling and administration of HIV Virus

C57BL/6 mice randomly divided into 90 groups, each group comprising 15 mice, which are respectively Normal group (Normal), Model group (Model), compound A/B capsule group, zidovudine capsule group, compound C-G capsule group, compound A/B granule group, zidovudine granule group, compound C-G granule group, compound A/B tablet group, zidovudine tablet group, compound C-G tablet group, compound A/B injection group, zidovudine injection group, compound C-G injection group, compound A/B spray group, zidovudine spray group, compound C-G spray group, compound A/B sustained release agent, zidovudine sustained release agent, compound C-G sustained release agent, compound A/B controlled release agent, zidovudine controlled release agent, compound C-G controlled release agent, Compound A/B effervescent tablets, zidovudine effervescent tablets, compound C-G effervescent tablets, compound A/B sublingual tablets, zidovudine sublingual tablets, compound C-G sublingual tablets, compound A/B granules, zidovudine granules, compound C-G granules, compound A/B oral liquid, zidovudine oral liquid and compound C-G oral liquid. Virus inoculation was started 2d after acclimatization. Normal group mice instill physiological saline into nasal cavity, the rest groups inoculate newborn thymus and lymph nodes on severe combined immunodeficiency mice, then the thymus and lymph nodes are directly inoculated with HIV-1, and administration is carried out after 24 h. The drug intervention treatment is carried out on days 2 to 8, wherein normal group and model group mice are drenched, sprayed or injected with normal saline in a volume of 10mL/kg, mice of each formulation group of zidovudine are drenched, sprayed with nasal cavity or injected with zidovudine preparation in the same volume, compound A-G capsule group, compound A-G sustained release formulation group, compound A-G controlled release formulation group, compound A-G effervescent tablet group, compound A-G granule group, compound A-G oral liquid group, compound A-G granule group, compound A-G tablet group are drenched with compound A-G in different formulations, compound A-G injection group is injected with tail vein of compound A-G, compound A-G spray group is sprayed with nasal cavity of compound A-G, compound A-G sublingual tablet group contains compound A-G under anesthesia state, the dose of each group was 58.5 mg/kg. The administration was continued until day 8. The systemic responses including hair, activity, defecation, feeding, respiration, etc. were observed daily for each group of mice after infection with virus, and the daily body mass and death of the mice were recorded.

5.2 determination of pulmonary index and pulmonary index inhibition Rate

On day 9 after the infection with mouse virus, the mice were sacrificed, the body mass was weighed, the whole lung was taken out and washed with physiological saline, the lung mass was weighed by absorbing water with clean filter paper, and the lung index inhibition rate were calculated.

Lung index ═ lung mass/body mass × 100%

Lung index inhibition rate ═ [ model group average lung index-administration group average lung index ]/[ model group average lung index-blank control group average lung index ] × 100%

5.3 determination of the degree of Lung lesions

The appearance of the lung tissue was observed and recorded. The degree of lesion in the mouse lung was graded. No lesion is marked as 0, the lesion degree of less than 25% is marked as 1, 50% and greater than or equal to 25% are marked as 2, the lesion degree of 50% -75% is marked as 3, and the lesion degree of greater than 75% is marked as 4; the lesion area occupied almost the entire lung was recorded as 5, and the lung disease reduction rate was calculated. A

Lung disease reduction rate ═ [ model group mean lung lesion-administration group mean lung lesion ]/[ model group mean lung lesion-blank control group mean lung lesion ] × 100%

5.4 determination of mouse serum cytokines

All mice were anesthetized with eyeballs to draw blood, the blood was collected in a centrifuge tube, left to stand for 30min, centrifuged at 4000rpm/min for 15min in a low temperature high speed centrifuge, and serum was collected in another clean centrifuge tube. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is adopted for detection, the contents of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in serum are determined, and the detection is carried out strictly according to the kit operation instructions.

5.5 statistical analysis

Using SPSS11.5 software, data andshowing that the comparison among groups adopts one-way anova, P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

5.6 results of practice

5.6.1 general case observations

The normal group mice had good mental status and had acute response to the external environment. After 2 days of virus infection, the model group mice gradually had reduced diet, reduced urine volume, loose hair, shortness of breath, lethargy, conglobation and curling, aversion to cold and trembling, rigid activity and listlessness. The compound A/B and zidovudine can improve and relieve the symptoms of the mice, and the improvement condition is more obvious than that of the compound C-G.

5.6.2 degree of lung lesions in mice

As can be seen from Table 13, in terms of the reduction rate of pulmonary lesions in mice, different formulations of the compound A/B can reduce pulmonary lesions to a certain extent, and the curative effect is higher than that of each formulation group of zidovudine and the compound C-G.

5.6.3 pulmonary index, pulmonary index inhibition rate, and mortality rate of mice

It can be seen from table 13 that the experimentally established mouse model for infecting virus is reliable, in which the pulmonary index of the injection group of compound a/B and other dosage forms is significantly reduced (P <0.05) compared to the model group, while the pulmonary index of each dosage form group of compounds C-G is similar to the model group, indicating that different dosage forms of compound a/B can alleviate the pulmonary lesion caused by influenza virus, the drug has a certain curative effect, and the compound C-G cannot alleviate the pulmonary lesion caused by influenza virus. The normal group has no death, the model group has higher death condition, and the death rate reaches 60.00 percent. Compared with the model group, the different dosage form groups of the compound A/B have the tendency of reducing the mortality rate of virus-infected mice. In addition, the injection group of the compound A/B has better effect of reducing the death rate and is superior to the injection groups of zidovudine and compounds C-G.

Watch 13

5.6.4 mouse serum TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma content

As can be seen from Table 14, the serum content of the cytokine TNF-alpha in HIV virus-infected mice is significantly higher than that in the normal group (P <0.05), and the content of IFN-gamma is significantly lower than that in the normal group (P < 0.05). Compared with a model group, each dosage form group of the compound A/B and ribavirin can obviously promote the secretion and expression of an inflammation inhibiting factor IFN-gamma and inhibit the secretion and expression of a proinflammatory factor TNF-alpha (P < 0.05). The compound C-G dosage form groups can not effectively inhibit the level of proinflammatory factor TNF-alpha and promote the secretion and expression of the inflammation-inhibiting factor IFN-gamma.

TABLE 14

5.6.5 viral load in mouse Lung tissue

As can be seen from table 15, the viral load in lung tissue of HIV virus-infected mice was significantly higher than that of the normal group (P < 0.05). Compared with a model group, the compound A/B and ribavirin can obviously reduce the viral load of lung tissues (P is less than 0.05) in each dosage form group, and the effect of the compound A/B is obviously better than that of the compound C-G.

Watch 15

It should be appreciated that the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in this specification may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments. Furthermore, the various embodiments and features of the various embodiments described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.