阅读说明：本技术 一种碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料及其制备方法 (Silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite and preparation method thereof ) 是由 王红侠 李新星 汤亮 于 2019-10-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料及其制备方法,属于复合材料制备领域。本发明提供的制备方法,包括以下步骤：将TiO<Sub>2</Sub>溶胶和SiC粉末依次进行第一混合和煅烧后,再与熔融态铝合金依次进行第二混合和浇铸,得到SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料。本发明通过添加TiO<Sub>2</Sub>溶胶与SiC粉末混合和煅烧后,TiO<Sub>2</Sub>与SiC发生反应,生成TiC和SiO<Sub>2</Sub>,生成的TiC和SiO<Sub>2</Sub>作为过渡层与熔融态铝合金中Al的润湿性好,能够有效提高SiC与熔融态Al的界面结合,避免界面反应的发生,改善SiC颗粒增强体在铝基复合材料中的分散性。(The invention provides a silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of composite preparation. The preparation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: adding TiO into the mixture 2 And after the sol and the SiC powder are sequentially subjected to first mixing and calcination, the sol and the SiC powder are sequentially subjected to second mixing and casting with molten aluminum alloy, so that the SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is obtained. The invention adds TiO 2 After mixing the sol with SiC powder and calcining, TiO 2 Reacts with SiC to generate TiC and SiO 2 TiC and SiO formed 2 The SiC/Al transition layer has good wettability with Al in molten aluminum alloy, can effectively improve the interface bonding of SiC and molten Al, avoids the occurrence of interface reaction, and improves the dispersibility of SiC particle reinforcement in the aluminum matrix composite.)

1. A preparation method of a SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is characterized by comprising the following steps:

adding TiO into the mixture₂And after the sol and the SiC powder are sequentially subjected to first mixing and calcination, the sol and the SiC powder are sequentially subjected to second mixing and casting with molten aluminum alloy, so that the SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is obtained.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the SiC powder to the molten aluminum alloy is 1-11: 100, and the SiC powder and the TiO are mixed together₂The dosage ratio of the sol is 1 g: 10-50 mL.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the molten aluminum alloy is 740 to 790 ℃.

4. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the molten aluminum alloy is ZL101 or ZL 102.

5. The production method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the particle diameter of the SiC powder is 0.5 to 3 μm.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the calcination is carried out at a temperature of 400 to 500 ℃ for 2 to 3 hours.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the SiC powder further comprises a pretreatment before use, the pretreatment comprising the steps of:

and sequentially cleaning and drying the SiC powder to obtain the pretreated SiC powder.

8. The SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 7, which is characterized by comprising an aluminum alloy matrix, a SiC particle reinforcement and eutectic silicon, wherein the SiC particle reinforcement and the eutectic silicon are dispersed in the aluminum alloy matrix, and the surface of the SiC particle reinforcement is coated with TiC and SiO₂。

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of composite material preparation, in particular to a silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Silicon carbide (SiC) has the advantages of high melting point, high hardness, high elastic modulus, low manufacturing cost, and the like. The ZL101 alloy is used as a novel Al-Si casting alloy, and is widely applied to the fields of automobile manufacturing and aerospace due to the advantages of good casting fluidity, good air tightness, small shrinkage, strong corrosion resistance and the like. The silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material has the advantages of excellent thermal conductivity, low expansion coefficient, high specific strength and specific stiffness, abrasion resistance and the like, is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, automobiles, electronic packaging and military equipment, and becomes a research hotspot of metal matrix composite materials.

The commonly used methods for preparing SiC aluminum matrix composite materials at present include powder metallurgy, stirring casting, extrusion casting, vacuum pressure infiltration, spray deposition and the like. Wherein, the compactness of the composite material prepared by the powder metallurgy method is poor, and secondary processing is needed to improve the performance of the composite material; the extrusion casting method is easy to cause the damage of the prefabricated member in the extrusion and infiltration process, and simultaneously, the particles are difficult to infiltrate into the metal melt in the infiltration process, the wettability is poor, the preparation is difficult, and the strength of the manufactured prefabricated member is not high; the vacuum pressure infiltration method is prepared under the conditions of vacuum and high pressure, the obtained composite material can have structural defects such as air holes and the like, and the uniform distribution of reinforcement particles in the subsequent spray deposition process cannot be ensured, so that the prepared material has all defects and the spray deposition thickness is thinner; the jet deposition method has high preparation cost and high requirements on preparation equipment.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite and a method for preparing the same. The SiC particle reinforcement in the silicon carbide reinforced aluminum-based composite material prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention has good wettability with an aluminum-based material, the dispersibility of the SiC particle reinforcement in the aluminum-based material is good, and the mechanical property of the aluminum-based composite material is excellent.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a preparation method of a SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which comprises the following steps:

adding TiO into the mixture₂And after the sol and the SiC powder are sequentially subjected to first mixing and calcination, the sol and the SiC powder are sequentially subjected to second mixing and casting with molten aluminum alloy, so that the SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is obtained.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the SiC powder to the molten aluminum alloy is 1-11: 100, and the SiC powder and the TiO are mixed₂The dosage ratio of the sol is 1 g: 10-50 mL.

Preferably, the temperature of the molten aluminum alloy is 740-790 ℃.

Preferably, the material of the molten aluminum alloy is ZL101 or ZL 102.

Preferably, the particle size of the SiC powder is 0.5-3 μm.

Preferably, the calcining temperature is 400-500 ℃ and the calcining time is 2-3 h.

Preferably, the SiC powder further comprises a pretreatment before use, the pretreatment comprising the steps of:

and sequentially cleaning and drying the SiC powder to obtain the pretreated SiC powder.

The invention also provides the SiC particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme, which comprises an aluminum alloy matrix, the SiC particle reinforcement and eutectic silicon, wherein the SiC particle reinforcement and the eutectic silicon are dispersed in the aluminum alloy matrix, and the surface of the SiC particle reinforcement is coated with TiC and SiO₂。

The invention provides a preparation method of a SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which comprises the following steps: adding TiO into the mixture₂And after the sol and the SiC powder are sequentially subjected to first mixing and calcination, the sol and the SiC powder are sequentially subjected to second mixing and casting with molten aluminum alloy, so that the SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is obtained. The invention adds TiO₂Mixing the sol with SiC powder to obtain TiO₂Uniformly coating the SiC powder surface with TiO after calcination₂Reacts with SiC to generate TiC and SiO₂TiC and SiO formed₂The transition layer has good wettability with Al in molten aluminum alloy, and can effectively improve the boundary between SiC and molten AlSurface bonding, avoiding the occurrence of interface reaction and improving the dispersibility of the SiC particle reinforcement in the aluminum matrix composite. The invention adopts the stirring casting method to prepare the SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, has simple process and low cost, and can realize large-scale batch production. The embodiment result shows that SiC particles in the SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared by the invention are uniformly distributed, and the SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material has excellent mechanical property, the Brinell hardness is 80-95 HB, and the tensile strength is 210-230 MPa.

Drawings

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

FIG. 1 shows TiO prepared in example 1₂XRD pattern of the coated SiC composite powder;

FIG. 2 is an XRD pattern of a SiC particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite obtained in example 1;

FIG. 3 is a metallographic structure diagram of a SiC particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite obtained in example 1;

FIG. 4 is a metallographic structure diagram of the SiC particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite obtained in example 2.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a preparation method of a SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which comprises the following steps:

adding TiO into the mixture₂And after the sol and the SiC powder are sequentially subjected to first mixing and calcination, the sol and the SiC powder are sequentially subjected to second mixing and casting with molten aluminum alloy, so that the SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is obtained.

According to the invention, the SiC powder is preferably cleaned and dried in sequence and then is mixed with the TiO powder₂The sol is subjected to a first mixing and calcination in sequence.

In the present invention, the particle diameter of the SiC powder is preferably 0.5 to 3 μm, and more preferably 1 to 2 μm. The specific source of the SiC powder is not particularly limited in the invention, and the conventional commercial products in the field can be adopted.

In the invention, the SiC powder is preferably subjected to first cleaning in an ethanol solution and under ultrasonic conditions in sequence, and then subjected to second cleaning in distilled water. In the present invention, the mass concentration of the ethanol solution is preferably 40% to 60%. The conditions of the ultrasound are not particularly limited in the present invention, and the ultrasound conditions known to those skilled in the art may be used. In the present invention, the number of times of the second washing is preferably 2 to 3 times. The specific operation of the cleaning is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a cleaning method known to those skilled in the art may be used.

In the invention, the drying temperature is preferably 80-100 ℃, and the drying time is preferably 6-12 h. The specific operation mode of the drying is not particularly limited, and the drying mode known to those skilled in the art can be adopted.

After drying is finished, the invention preferably cools the product obtained after drying along with the furnace.

In the present invention, the TiO is₂The sol is preferably prepared by a process comprising the steps of:

mixing ethyl titanate and first absolute ethyl alcohol to carry out a first reaction to obtain a first reaction solution;

mixing distilled water, second absolute ethyl alcohol and glacial acetic acid to carry out second reaction to obtain a second reaction solution;

mixing the first reaction solution and the second reaction solution for a third reaction, and aging to obtain TiO₂And (3) sol.

According to the invention, ethyl titanate and first absolute ethyl alcohol are mixed for a first reaction to obtain a first reaction solution. In the invention, the volume ratio of the ethyl titanate to the first absolute ethyl alcohol is preferably 15-20: 40-60 mL. The sources of the ethyl titanate and the first absolute ethyl alcohol are not particularly limited, and conventional commercial products in the field can be adopted. In the invention, the first reaction is preferably carried out under the condition of magnetic stirring, the speed of the magnetic stirring is preferably 1800-2000 rpm, and the time is preferably 30-60 min. According to the invention, the ethyl titanate is preferably dripped into the first absolute ethyl alcohol; in the present invention, the dropping rate of the ethyl titanate is not particularly limited, and a dropping rate known in the art may be used.

According to the invention, distilled water, second absolute ethyl alcohol and glacial acetic acid are mixed for second reaction to obtain a second reaction solution. In the invention, the volume ratio of the distilled water, the second absolute ethyl alcohol and the glacial acetic acid is preferably 4-8: 40-80: 8-15. The sources of the distilled water, the second absolute ethyl alcohol and the glacial acetic acid are not particularly limited, and the conventional commercial products in the field can be adopted. In the invention, the second reaction is preferably carried out under the condition of magnetic stirring, the speed of the magnetic stirring is preferably 1000-1500 rpm, and the time is preferably 20-30 min.

After the first reaction solution and the second reaction solution are obtained, the first reaction solution and the second reaction solution are mixed for a third reaction and are aged to obtain TiO₂And (3) sol. In the invention, the third reaction is preferably carried out under the condition of magnetic stirring, the speed of the magnetic stirring is preferably 1800-2000 rpm, and the time is preferably 2-3 h. The present invention preferably adds the second reaction solution to the first reaction solution. In the invention, the aging time is preferably 8-12 h. The aging method is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the aging operation known to those skilled in the art may be used. TiO prepared by the invention₂The sol has good stability compared with other TiO₂The sol can be effectively coated on the surface of the SiC powder.

In the invention, TiO is mixed with₂Sequentially carrying out first mixing and calcination on the sol and the SiC powder, and then carrying out second mixing and casting on the sol and the SiC powder and molten aluminum alloy to obtain TiO₂Wrapping SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite.

In the invention, the mass ratio of the SiC powder to the molten aluminum alloy is preferably 1-11: 100, more preferably 3-7: 100, and the SiC powder and the TiO powder are mixed together₂The amount ratio of the sol is preferably 1 g: 10 to 50mL, more preferably 1 g: 20-40 mL. In the present invention, the first mixing is preferably performed by adding the SiC powder to TiO with stirring₂In the sol, the stirring speed is preferably 500-1000 rpm, and the time is preferably 1-2 h.

After the first mixing is completed, the present invention preferably filters, washes and dries the resulting mixed product. In the present invention, the filtration is preferably vacuum filtration. The specific operation mode of the washing is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a washing mode known to those skilled in the art may be adopted. In the invention, the drying temperature is preferably 80-100 ℃, and the drying time is preferably 10-16 h. The specific operation of the drying is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a mixing method known to those skilled in the art may be adopted.

The first mixing and separating step is preferably repeated, and the number of times of repetition is preferably 2-3 times. The invention leads TiO to be mixed for a plurality of times₂Deposited and firmly wrapped on the surface of the SiC powder.

In the invention, the calcination temperature is preferably 400-500 ℃, the calcination time is preferably 2-3 h, and the heating rate is preferably 3-6 ℃/min. The invention leads TiO coated on the surface of SiC powder to be calcined₂Reacts with SiC powder to generate TiC and SiO₂TiC and SiO formed₂The SiC particle reinforcement material has good wettability with Al in molten aluminum alloy as a transition layer, can effectively improve the interface bonding of SiC and molten Al, avoids the occurrence of interface reaction, and improves the dispersibility of SiC particle reinforcement in the aluminum matrix composite material.

In the invention, the material of the molten aluminum alloy is preferably ZL101 or ZL102, and the temperature of the molten aluminum alloy is preferably 740-790 ℃. The specific source of the molten aluminum alloy is not particularly limited, and the conventional commercial products in the field can be adopted.

In the invention, the second mixing is preferably electric stirring, the speed of the electric stirring is preferably 300-500 rpm, and the time is preferably 10-20 min.

After the second mixing is finished, the obtained mixed product is preferably subjected to degassing and deslagging in sequence and then is cast. The present invention is not particularly limited to the specific operation of the degassing and deslagging process, and the degassing and deslagging process known to those skilled in the art may be used. The present invention is not particularly limited to the specific operation of the casting, and the casting method known to those skilled in the art may be used.

The invention also provides the SiC particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme, which comprises an aluminum alloy matrix, the SiC particle reinforcement and eutectic silicon, wherein the SiC particle reinforcement and the eutectic silicon are dispersed in the aluminum alloy matrix, and the surface of the SiC particle reinforcement is coated with TiC and SiO₂. In the invention, the mass percentage of the SiC particle reinforcement body in the SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is preferably 1-11%.

The following will explain the SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and the preparation method thereof provided by the present invention in detail with reference to the examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.