GNSS original data quality correction method for slope monitoring
阅读说明：本技术 用于边坡监测的gnss原始数据质量修正方法 (GNSS original data quality correction method for slope monitoring ) 是由 孙厚广 贺黎明 熊宏启 肖冬 钟小宇 衣瑛 崔志平 李纯阳 徐冬林 王海齐 于 2019-09-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于露天矿边坡变形监测技术领域,尤其是涉及一种用于边坡监测的GNSS原始数据质量修正方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤：(1)GNSS数据质量分析；(2)监测点数据质量统计；(3)精度优化。本发明利用TEQC的质量分析功能,给出了数据预处理对应的操作及含义,对原始GNSS数据进行预处理,对比预处理前后的数据质量,进而实现数据质量的提高,为露天矿边坡监测提供可靠稳定高质量的的数据。(The invention belongs to the technical field of strip mine slope deformation monitoring, and particularly relates to a GNSS (global navigation satellite system) original data quality correction method for slope monitoring, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) GNSS data quality analysis; (2) counting the data quality of the monitoring points; (3) and (5) optimizing the precision. The method utilizes the quality analysis function of TEQC to provide operation and meaning corresponding to data preprocessing, preprocesses the original GNSS data, compares the data quality before and after preprocessing, further improves the data quality, and provides reliable, stable and high-quality data for strip mine slope monitoring.)
1. a GNSS original data quality correction method for slope monitoring is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) GNSS data quality analysis
a. Analyzing the multipath effect with directionality of the GNSS slope monitoring points;
b. Analyzing the ionospheric delay of a local area of the GNSS slope monitoring point;
c. Analyzing the periodic signal-to-noise ratio of the GNSS slope monitoring points;
(2) statistics of data quality at monitoring points
a. carrying out data effective rate statistics on all monitoring points;
b. counting the cycle slip rate of all monitoring points;
(3) Precision optimization
And performing quality inspection on the data file of each hour obtained by slope monitoring, setting a threshold value according to the data, analyzing by combining the indexes, and correcting or deleting the data exceeding the threshold value.
2. the method of claim 1, wherein the analyzing of the directional multipath effect comprises performing a statistical analysis of the multipath effect on the GNSS raw monitoring data within a specified time window; in GNSS slope monitoring, multipath effects are related to the gradient and the slope direction of a high and steep slope and the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of a satellite; the method is used for analyzing and correcting slope GNSS monitoring data with specific directionality;
Specifically, it can be calculated by the following formula:
M1＝f(mp1,θslope,βslope,σsat,δsat)
M2＝f(mp2,θslope,βslope,σsat,δsat)
Wherein:
In the formula, f represents a multi-factor statistical analysis method, theta slope and beta slope represent the gradient and the slope direction of a slope respectively, sigma sat and delta sat represent the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of a satellite respectively, P 1 and P 2 are pseudo-range observed quantities on L 1 and L 2 wave bands respectively, phi 1 and phi 2 are carrier phase observed quantities on L 1 and L 2 wave bands respectively, and alpha is the square sum of the ratio of frequencies f 1 and f 2 of L 1 and L 2 wave bands.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the ionospheric delay of the local area is analyzed by performing a statistical analysis of the ionospheric delay of the GNSS raw monitoring data within a specified time window; ionospheric delay monitored by a slope GNSS has regional characteristics, and total electron content (STEC) of oblique ionospheric layers of all monitoring stations is calculated based on original GNSS observation data, wherein the specific calculation method comprises the following steps:
Phi 1 and phi 2 are carrier phase observed values on two frequencies respectively, rho 1 and rho 2 are code pseudo-range observed values on the two frequencies respectively, f 1 and lambda 1 are frequency and wavelength of an L 1 carrier respectively, f 2 and lambda 2 are frequency and wavelength of an L 2 carrier respectively, Amb arc is an ambiguity parameter of a continuous tracking satellite arc-segment phase observed value, N is the number of continuous tracking satellite arc-segment phase observed values, t TGD is satellite hardware delay deviation, t IFB is receiver hardware delay deviation, and c is the speed of light in vacuum;
And then, calculating the ionospheric delay of each satellite by using the STEC, and further performing statistical analysis on the regional characteristics of the ionospheric delay so as to improve the accuracy of GNSS slope monitoring.
4. The GNSS raw data quality correction method for slope monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that the periodical SNR analysis is performed, wherein the SNR statistical analysis is performed on the GNSS raw monitoring data within a specified time window; the signal-to-noise ratio of signals in GNSS slope monitoring has repeatability and periodicity, the signal-to-noise ratio signals are analyzed and processed by adopting an empirical mode decomposition method, and an original signal x (t) is set and subjected to EMD decomposition by the following steps:
(1) Calculating all maximum value points and minimum value points in the signal, fitting the maximum value points and the minimum value points to the upper envelope line and the lower envelope line of the signal, and calculating the average value a 1 (t) of the upper envelope line and the lower envelope line;
(2) Subtracting a 1 (t) from the original signal x (t) to obtain a new signal k 1 (t), repeating the step (1) for n times of screening until k 1n (t) is the basic IMF component, and calculating the residual component r 1 (t) of the signal;
(3) if the residual component r 1 (t) still contains information of long period, r 1 (t) is needed to be used as a new signal to be decomposed, if the number of extreme points of r i (t) is more than 2, the step (1) is returned to be decomposed, otherwise, the step (1) is terminated;
(4) the final source signal x (t) can be decomposed into a periodic signal and a non-periodic signal;
And analyzing and correcting periodic signals in the signal-to-noise ratio, so that the quality of the original GNSS observation data is improved.
5. The GNSS raw data quality correction method for slope monitoring according to claim 1, wherein the data efficiency statistics comprises performing data efficiency statistical analysis on GNSS raw monitoring data within a specified time window; according to a satellite cut-off height angle set in the observation and a satellite ephemeris in a corresponding time period, calculating the number OBSpossable of satellite observation values which can be theoretically received; due to the influence of the observation environment and the receiving equipment, the number of observed values OBScomplate received in the period is not in accordance with the theory, and the data efficiency calculation formula is as follows:
ratio＝OBSpossible/OBScomplete。
6. the GNSS raw data quality correction method for slope monitoring according to claim 1, wherein the cycle slip rate statistics comprises performing a cycle slip rate statistical analysis on the GNSS raw monitoring data within a specified time window; in the process of continuous carrier phase measurement by a receiver, the counting of a whole week is wrong, so that the phase observation value has a jump of a whole week compared with a normal value, but the part less than one week is still normal, and the jump is called cycle jump;
The Cycle Slip Rate (CSR) is used as an evaluation index of the Cycle slip condition, and the calculation formula is as follows:
In the formula: r is O/slps value, O is the number of observed values, and slps is cycle slip times; CSR means the number of cycle slips that 1000 valid observations contain.
Technical Field
the invention belongs to the technical field of strip mine slope deformation monitoring, and particularly relates to a GNSS (global navigation satellite system) original data quality correction method for slope monitoring.
background
with the development of the mining industry in China, the mining range and the mining depth of strip mines are continuously increased, high, steep and deep slopes can be formed along with the long-time mining, the settlement and the subsidence of the peripheral ground can be caused, and buildings and some infrastructures are damaged to a great extent. Because the high, steep and deep side slope is easy to cause safety accidents, the mining of the mining area is threatened greatly.
The GNSS original data are used for monitoring the side slope in real time, and the GNSS original data have great significance for safety guarantee of strip mine mining work. In the actual work of a mining area, if the unfavorable observation environment of an important monitoring point of a slope cannot be avoided, the GNSS original observation data in a special observation environment needs to be comprehensively evaluated and corrected to judge whether the actual work requirement is met, so that the GNSS data preprocessing work before the data processing is carried out is important for the subsequent data processing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a GNSS original data quality correction method for slope monitoring, which utilizes the quality analysis function of TEQC to provide operation and meaning corresponding to data preprocessing, preprocesses original GNSS data, compares the data quality before and after preprocessing, further improves the data quality, and provides reliable, stable and high-quality data for slope monitoring of strip mines.
the purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The invention discloses a GNSS original data quality correction method for slope monitoring, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) GNSS data quality analysis
a. Analyzing the multipath effect with directionality of the GNSS slope monitoring points;
b. Analyzing the ionospheric delay of a local area of the GNSS slope monitoring point;
c. Analyzing the periodic signal-to-noise ratio of the GNSS slope monitoring points;
(2) Statistics of data quality at monitoring points
a. carrying out data effective rate statistics on all monitoring points;
b. Counting the cycle slip rate of all monitoring points;
(3) Precision optimization
And performing quality inspection on the data file of each hour obtained by slope monitoring, setting a threshold value according to the data, analyzing by combining the indexes, and correcting or deleting the data exceeding the threshold value.
analyzing the directional multipath effect, namely performing multipath effect statistical analysis on GNSS original monitoring data in a specified time window; in GNSS slope monitoring, multipath effects are related to the gradient and the slope direction of a high and steep slope and the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of a satellite; the method is used for analyzing and correcting slope GNSS monitoring data with specific directionality;
Specifically, it can be calculated by the following formula:
M1＝f(mp1,θslope,βslope,σsat,δsat)
M2＝f(mp2,θslope,βslope,σsat,δsat)
Wherein:
in the formula, f represents a multi-factor statistical analysis method, theta slope and beta slope represent the gradient and the slope direction of a slope respectively, sigma sat and delta sat represent the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of a satellite respectively, P 1 and P 2 are pseudo-range observed quantities on L 1 and L 2 wave bands respectively, phi 1 and phi 2 are carrier phase observed quantities on L 1 and L 2 wave bands respectively, and alpha is the square sum of the ratio of frequencies f 1 and f 2 of L 1 and L 2 wave bands.
The ionospheric delay of the local area is analyzed, namely, the ionospheric delay statistical analysis is carried out on GNSS original monitoring data in a specified time window; ionospheric delay monitored by a slope GNSS has regional characteristics, and total electron content (STEC) of oblique ionospheric layers of all monitoring stations is calculated based on original GNSS observation data, wherein the specific calculation method comprises the following steps:
Phi 1 and phi 2 are carrier phase observed values on two frequencies respectively, rho 1 and rho 2 are code pseudo-range observed values on the two frequencies respectively, f 1 and lambda 1 are frequency and wavelength of an L 1 carrier respectively, f 2 and lambda 2 are frequency and wavelength of an L 2 carrier respectively, Amb arc is an ambiguity parameter of a continuous tracking satellite arc-segment phase observed value, N is the number of continuous tracking satellite arc-segment phase observed values, t TGD is satellite hardware delay deviation, t IFB is receiver hardware delay deviation, and c is the speed of light in vacuum;
And then, calculating the ionospheric delay of each satellite by using the STEC, and further performing statistical analysis on the regional characteristics of the ionospheric delay so as to improve the accuracy of GNSS slope monitoring.
The periodic signal-to-noise ratio is analyzed, namely, the signal-to-noise ratio statistical analysis is carried out on the GNSS original monitoring data in a specified time window; the signal-to-noise ratio of signals in GNSS slope monitoring has repeatability and periodicity, the signal-to-noise ratio signals are analyzed and processed by adopting an empirical mode decomposition method, and an original signal x (t) is set and subjected to EMD decomposition by the following steps:
(1) Calculating all maximum value points and minimum value points in the signal, fitting the maximum value points and the minimum value points to the upper envelope line and the lower envelope line of the signal, and calculating the average value a 1 (t) of the upper envelope line and the lower envelope line;
(2) Subtracting a 1 (t) from the original signal x (t) to obtain a new signal k 1 (t), repeating the step (1) for n times of screening until k 1n (t) is the basic IMF component, and calculating the residual component r 1 (t) of the signal;
(3) If the residual component r 1 (t) still contains information of long period, r 1 (t) is needed to be used as a new signal to be decomposed, if the number of extreme points of r i (t) is more than 2, the step (1) is returned to be decomposed, otherwise, the step (1) is terminated;
(4) The final source signal x (t) can be decomposed into a periodic signal and a non-periodic signal;
And analyzing and correcting periodic signals in the signal-to-noise ratio, so that the quality of the original GNSS observation data is improved.
The data effective rate statistics is to perform data effective rate statistical analysis on GNSS original monitoring data in a specified time window; according to a satellite cut-off height angle set in the observation and a satellite ephemeris in a corresponding time period, calculating the number OBSpossable of satellite observation values which can be theoretically received; due to the influence of the observation environment and the receiving equipment, the number of observed values OBScomplate received in the period is not in accordance with the theory, and the data efficiency calculation formula is as follows:
ratio＝OBSpossible/OBScomplete。
The cycle slip rate statistics comprises performing cycle slip rate statistical analysis on GNSS original monitoring data in a specified time window; in the process of continuous carrier phase measurement by a receiver, the counting of a whole week is wrong, so that the phase observation value has a jump of a whole week compared with a normal value, but the part less than one week is still normal, and the jump is called cycle jump;
the Cycle Slip Rate (CSR) is used as an evaluation index of the Cycle slip condition, and the calculation formula is as follows:
In the formula: r is O/slps value, O is the number of observed values, and slps is cycle slip times; CSR means the number of cycle slips that 1000 valid observations contain.
the invention has the advantages that:
The method for correcting the quality of the GNSS original data for slope monitoring utilizes the quality analysis function of TEQC to provide operation and meaning corresponding to data preprocessing, preprocesses the original GNSS data, compares the data quality before and after preprocessing, further improves the data quality, and provides reliable, stable and high-quality data for slope monitoring of strip mines.
drawings
FIG. 1 shows the multipath effect of a GK05 rover G08 satellite in the 15-23UT segments according to an embodiment of the invention.
fig. 2 shows the data efficiency of each monitoring point according to the embodiment of the present invention.
fig. 3 is a statistical result of multipath effects at each monitoring point according to an embodiment of the present invention.
fig. 4 is a statistical result of cycle slip rates of monitoring points according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a comparison of data before and after pretreatment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
The invention discloses a GNSS original data quality correction method for slope monitoring, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) GNSS data quality analysis
a. analyzing the multipath effect with directionality of the GNSS slope monitoring points;
b. Analyzing the ionospheric delay of a local area of the GNSS slope monitoring point;
c. Analyzing the periodic signal-to-noise ratio of the GNSS slope monitoring points;
(2) Statistics of data quality at monitoring points
a. carrying out data effective rate statistics on all monitoring points;
b. counting the cycle slip rate of all monitoring points;
(3) Precision optimization
And performing quality inspection on the data file of each hour obtained by slope monitoring, setting a threshold value according to the data, analyzing by combining the indexes, and correcting or deleting the data exceeding the threshold value.
analyzing the directional multipath effect, namely performing multipath effect statistical analysis on GNSS original monitoring data in a specified time window; in GNSS slope monitoring, multipath effects are related to the gradient and the slope direction of a high and steep slope and the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of a satellite; the method is used for analyzing and correcting slope GNSS monitoring data with specific directionality;
Specifically, it can be calculated by the following formula:
M1＝f(mp1,θslope,βslope,σsat,δsat)
M2＝f(mp2,θslope,βslope,σsat,δsat)
wherein:
In the formula, f represents a multi-factor statistical analysis method, theta slope and beta slope represent the gradient and the slope direction of a slope respectively, sigma sat and delta sat represent the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of a satellite respectively, P 1 and P 2 are pseudo-range observed quantities on L 1 and L 2 wave bands respectively, phi 1 and phi 2 are carrier phase observed quantities on L 1 and L 2 wave bands respectively, and alpha is the square sum of the ratio of frequencies f 1 and f 2 of L 1 and L 2 wave bands.
the ionospheric delay of the local area is analyzed, namely, the ionospheric delay statistical analysis is carried out on GNSS original monitoring data in a specified time window; ionospheric delay monitored by a slope GNSS has regional characteristics, and total electron content (STEC) of oblique ionospheric layers of all monitoring stations is calculated based on original GNSS observation data, wherein the specific calculation method comprises the following steps:
phi 1 and phi 2 are carrier phase observed values on two frequencies respectively, rho 1 and rho 2 are code pseudo-range observed values on the two frequencies respectively, f 1 and lambda 1 are frequency and wavelength of an L 1 carrier respectively, f 2 and lambda 2 are frequency and wavelength of an L 2 carrier respectively, Amb arc is an ambiguity parameter of a continuous tracking satellite arc-segment phase observed value, N is the number of continuous tracking satellite arc-segment phase observed values, t TGD is satellite hardware delay deviation, t IFB is receiver hardware delay deviation, and c is the speed of light in vacuum;
and then, calculating the ionospheric delay of each satellite by using the STEC, and further performing statistical analysis on the regional characteristics of the ionospheric delay so as to improve the accuracy of GNSS slope monitoring.
The periodic signal-to-noise ratio is analyzed, namely, the signal-to-noise ratio statistical analysis is carried out on the GNSS original monitoring data in a specified time window; the signal-to-noise ratio of signals in GNSS slope monitoring has repeatability and periodicity, the signal-to-noise ratio signals are analyzed and processed by adopting an empirical mode decomposition method, and an original signal x (t) is set and subjected to EMD decomposition by the following steps:
(1) calculating all maximum value points and minimum value points in the signal, fitting the maximum value points and the minimum value points to the upper envelope line and the lower envelope line of the signal, and calculating the average value a 1 (t) of the upper envelope line and the lower envelope line;
(2) Subtracting a 1 (t) from the original signal x (t) to obtain a new signal k 1 (t), repeating the step (1) for n times of screening until k 1n (t) is the basic IMF component, and calculating the residual component r 1 (t) of the signal;
(3) If the residual component r 1 (t) still contains information of long period, r 1 (t) is needed to be used as a new signal to be decomposed, if the number of extreme points of r i (t) is more than 2, the step (1) is returned to be decomposed, otherwise, the step (1) is terminated;
(4) The final source signal x (t) can be decomposed into a periodic signal and a non-periodic signal;
And analyzing and correcting periodic signals in the signal-to-noise ratio, so that the quality of the original GNSS observation data is improved.
the data effective rate statistics is to perform data effective rate statistical analysis on GNSS original monitoring data in a specified time window; according to a satellite cut-off height angle set in the observation and a satellite ephemeris in a corresponding time period, calculating the number OBSpossable of satellite observation values which can be theoretically received; due to the influence of the observation environment and the receiving equipment, the number of observed values OBScomplate received in the period is not in accordance with the theory, and the data efficiency calculation formula is as follows:
ratio＝OBSpossible/OBScomplete。
the cycle slip rate statistics comprises performing cycle slip rate statistical analysis on GNSS original monitoring data in a specified time window; in the process of continuous carrier phase measurement by a receiver, the counting of a whole week is wrong, so that the phase observation value has a jump of a whole week compared with a normal value, but the part less than one week is still normal, and the jump is called cycle jump;
The Cycle Slip Rate (CSR) is used as an evaluation index of the Cycle slip condition, and the calculation formula is as follows:
In the formula: r is O/slps value, O is the number of observed values, and slps is cycle slip times; CSR means the number of cycle slips that 1000 valid observations contain.
the GNSS data quality correction method for slope monitoring is used for preprocessing original GNSS data based on the operation and meaning corresponding to the data preprocessing, comparing data processing results before and after preprocessing, further improving data quality and providing reliable, stable and high-quality data for slope monitoring of strip mines. GNSS receiver observation (binary) files of different manufacturers need to be converted into RINEX files firstly, important evaluation indexes of the quality of original data, including multipath effect, ionospheric delay, receiver cycle slip, satellite signal to noise ratio and the like, are calculated by reading original observation data in a RINEX format, and the indexes can reflect the observation conditions of a GNSS observation station and the quality of the surrounding environment, and have important significance for evaluating and improving the GNSS monitoring precision.
the GNSS raw data in the receiver may be affected by various errors, and is one of the main factors affecting the monitoring accuracy. Therefore, the GNSS data preprocessing is required before data processing. A GNSS original data quality correction method for slope monitoring mainly utilizes a data preprocessing program module compiled by Python to realize the calculation of parameters such as multipath effect, ionospheric delay, receiver cycle slip, satellite signal-to-noise ratio, data efficiency and the like, and graphic display and visualization, so that the quality inspection result is clearer and more definite. The GNSS monitoring data in a specified time window (for example, 1 hour) is subjected to statistical analysis and validity check, and raw data is comprehensively analyzed by taking multipath effect (mp1, mp2) values, signal-to-noise ratios, ionospheric delay, data efficiency and cycle slip rate as evaluation indexes for measuring the quality of the raw data.
1) Multipath effect in slope monitoring
in conventional GNSS surveying, satellite signals (reflected waves) reflected by reflectors in the vicinity of a station under test, if entering a receiver antenna, interfere with signals (reflected waves) directly from the satellites, thereby shifting the observed values from the true values, resulting in so-called "multipath errors". Such an interference delay effect due to the signal propagation of the multipath is called a multipath effect. The multi-path effect will seriously damage the accuracy of the GNSS measurement, and when the accuracy is serious, the signal lock loss can be caused, which is an important error source in the GNSS measurement.
Through long-time slope monitoring practice, the multipath effect has obvious correlation with the gradient and the slope direction of a high and steep slope and the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of a satellite in GNSS slope monitoring. Therefore, a slope GNSS monitoring data analyzing and correcting method considering the influence of the slope on the multipath is provided, and the method is used for analyzing and correcting slope GNSS monitoring data with specific directionality.
Specifically, it can be calculated by the following formula:
M1＝f(mp1,θslope,βslope,σsat,δsat)
M2＝f(mp2,θslope,βslope,σsat,δsat)
wherein:
In the formula, f represents a multi-factor statistical analysis method, theta slope and beta slope represent the gradient and the slope direction of a slope respectively, sigma sat and delta sat represent the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of a satellite respectively, P 1 and P 2 are pseudo-range observed quantities on L 1 and L 2 wave bands respectively, phi 1 and phi 2 are carrier phase observed quantities on L 1 and L 2 wave bands respectively, and alpha is the square sum of the ratio of frequencies f 1 and f 2 of L 1 and L 2 wave bands.
2) signal to noise ratio
The signal-to-noise ratio of signals in GNSS slope monitoring has certain repeatability and periodicity, therefore, an empirical mode decomposition method is adopted to analyze and process the signal-to-noise ratio signals, an original signal x (t) is set, and the EMD decomposition steps are carried out on the original signal x (t):
(1) Calculating all maximum value points and minimum value points in the signal, fitting the maximum value points and the minimum value points to the upper envelope line and the lower envelope line of the signal, and calculating the average value a 1 (t) of the upper envelope line and the lower envelope line;
(2) subtracting a 1 (t) from the original signal x (t) to obtain a new signal k 1 (t), repeating the step (1) for n times of screening until k 1n (t) is the basic IMF component, and calculating the residual component r 1 (t) of the signal;
(3) if the residual component r 1 (t) still contains information of long period, r 1 (t) is needed to be used as a new signal to be decomposed, if the number of extreme points of r i (t) is more than 2, the step (1) is returned to be decomposed, otherwise, the step (1) is terminated;
(4) the final source signal x (t) can be decomposed into a periodic signal and a non-periodic signal.
periodic signals in the signal-to-noise ratio are analyzed and corrected to improve the quality of the raw GNSS observation data.
3) ionospheric delay
Ionospheric delay monitored by a slope GNSS has regional characteristics, and total electron content (STEC) of oblique ionospheric layers of all monitoring stations is calculated based on original GNSS observation data, wherein the specific calculation method comprises the following steps:
Phi 1 and phi 2 are carrier phase observed values on two frequencies respectively, rho 1 and rho 2 are code pseudo-range observed values on the two frequencies respectively, f 1 and lambda 1 are frequency and wavelength of an L 1 carrier respectively, f 2 and lambda 2 are frequency and wavelength of an L 2 carrier respectively, Amb arc is an ambiguity parameter of a continuous tracking satellite arc phase observed value, N is the number of continuous tracking satellite arc phase observed values, t TGD is satellite hardware delay deviation, t IFB is receiver hardware delay deviation, and c is the speed of light in vacuum.
and then, calculating the ionospheric delay of each satellite by using the STEC, and further performing statistical analysis on the regional characteristics of the ionospheric delay so as to improve the accuracy of GNSS slope monitoring.
4) data efficiency
According to the satellite cut-off altitude angle set in the observation and the satellite ephemeris in the corresponding time period, the number OBSpossable of the satellite observation values which can be theoretically received can be calculated. Actually, due to the influence of the observation environment and the receiving device, the number of observed values OBScomplete received in the period is not consistent with the theory, and the data efficiency calculation formula is as follows:
ratio＝OBSpossible/OBScomplete。
5) cycle slip rate
if the whole-cycle count is erroneous for some reason during the continuous carrier phase measurement at the receiver, the phase observation will jump an entire-cycle from normal, but less than a full-cycle will remain normal, which is called cycle jump.
The Cycle Slip Rate (CSR) is used as an evaluation index of the Cycle slip condition, and the calculation formula is as follows:
In the formula: r is O/slps value, O is the number of observed values, and slps is cycle slip times; CSR means the number of cycle slips that 1000 valid observations contain.