阅读说明：本技术 一种激光选区熔化成形装置 (Selective laser melting and forming device ) 是由 严雷鸣 曹玄扬 宰雄飞 李杜 颜铁林 陈钰青 于 2021-10-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请涉及一种激光选区熔化成形装置,该装置包括：打印准备单元、铺粉打印单元、粉末收集单元和粉末处理单元；打印准备单元、铺粉打印单元和粉末搜集单元的顶部位于同一基准面且依次相邻；粉末处理单元包括：集粉器、第一回收管、分级器、第二回收管、动力结构、第一回收仓和第二回收仓；集粉器与分级器通过第一回收管相连,分级器和动力结构通过第二回收管相连,第一回收仓和第二回收仓间隔设在第二回收管上；分级器内设有分级轮,以基于粉末颗粒重量将飞溅粉末分层至第一回收仓和第二回收仓。本申请可以搜集处理飞溅粉末,提高成形零件的性能。(The application relates to a selective laser melting and forming device, which comprises: the device comprises a printing preparation unit, a powder spreading printing unit, a powder collecting unit and a powder processing unit; the tops of the printing preparation unit, the powder spreading printing unit and the powder collecting unit are positioned on the same reference surface and are adjacent in sequence; the powder processing unit includes: the powder collector, the first recovery pipe, the classifier, the second recovery pipe, the power structure, the first recovery bin and the second recovery bin; the powder collector is connected with the classifier through a first recovery pipe, the classifier is connected with the power structure through a second recovery pipe, and the first recovery bin and the second recovery bin are arranged on the second recovery pipe at intervals; a grading wheel is arranged in the classifier to layer the splashed powder to the first recovery bin and the second recovery bin based on the weight of the powder particles. The method and the device can collect and process the splashing powder and improve the performance of the formed part.)

1. A selective laser melting and forming apparatus, comprising: the device comprises a printing preparation unit, a powder spreading printing unit, a powder collecting unit and a powder processing unit;

the printing preparation unit is used for providing raw material powder for powder paving and printing, the powder paving and printing unit is used for powder paving, the powder collecting unit is used for collecting the powder after powder paving, and the powder processing unit is used for recovering and processing splashed powder;

the tops of the printing preparation unit, the powder paving and printing unit and the powder collecting unit are positioned on the same reference surface and are adjacent in sequence;

the powder processing unit includes: the device comprises a powder collector (11), a first recovery pipe (12), a classifier (14), a second recovery pipe (13), a power structure (15), a first recovery bin (16) and a second recovery bin (17);

the powder collector (11) is connected with the classifier (14) through the first recovery pipe (12), the classifier (14) is connected with the power structure (15) through the second recovery pipe (13), and the first recovery bin (16) and the second recovery bin (17) are arranged on the second recovery pipe (13) at intervals;

a classification wheel (14) is provided in the classifier to classify the splashed powder into the first recovery bin (16) and the second recovery bin (17) on the basis of the weight of the powder particles.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the classifier (14) comprises: the powder classifying device comprises a shell, a motor (03), a classifying wheel (04), a powder inlet (05), a first powder outlet (06) and a second powder outlet (07);

the grading wheel (04) is fixedly arranged in the shell and is connected with the motor (03) through a shaft;

the powder inlet (05), the first powder outlet (06) and the second powder outlet (07) are fixedly arranged on the shell, the powder inlet (05) is connected with the powder collector (11), the first powder outlet (06) is connected to the first recovery bin (16), and the second powder outlet (07) is connected to the second recovery bin (17);

the motor (03) is in transmission connection with the grading wheel (04) to drive the grading wheel to rotate.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the classifier (04) further comprises: an auxiliary air inlet (08);

the auxiliary air inlet (08) is used for adjusting the air flow pressure in the pipeline of the classifier and cleaning the inner wall of the classifier.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the laydown printing unit comprises: the device comprises a forming bin (4), a first supporting plate (5), a first push rod (6), a guide rail (8) and a scraper plate (7);

the first supporting plate (5) and the first push rod (6) are both fixedly arranged in the forming bin (4); the first supporting plate (5) is fixedly arranged at the top of the first push rod (6), and the first supporting plate (5) and the first push rod (6) have a stroke of moving up and down in the forming bin (4);

the guide rail (8) is horizontally arranged, and the scraper plate (7) is fixedly and vertically arranged at one end of the guide rail (8) and moves back and forth along a reference surface;

the powder collecting unit (9) is arranged on one side of the forming bin (4), and the powder collecting unit (9) is arranged below the other end of the guide rail (8).

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the print preparation unit includes: the powder storage bin (1), the second supporting plate (2) and the second push rod (3);

the powder storage bin (1) is arranged on the other side of the forming bin (4); the second supporting plate (2) and the second push rod (3) are fixedly arranged in the powder storage bin (1); the second supporting plate (2) is fixedly arranged at the top of the second push rod (3), and the second supporting plate (2) and the second push rod (3) have a stroke moving up and down in the powder storage bin (1).

6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising: a gas circulator (10);

the bottom of the gas circulator (10) is flush with a reference plane, the gas circulator (10) comprising: the air inlet machine and the air outlet machine are oppositely arranged on two sides of the guide rail (8) along the moving direction of the scraper plate (7), so that a circulating air field is generated between the air inlet of the air inlet machine and the air outlet of the air outlet machine.

7. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said first recovery pipe (12) is made of an elastic material.

8. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the power structure (15) is a vacuum pump.

9. The device according to any of the claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the bottom of the scraper plate (7) is provided with a soft strip of glue.

10. The device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the powder storage bin (1) is arranged above or below the printing apparatus.

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of selective laser additive manufacturing, in particular to a selective laser melting and forming device.

Background

The laser selective material increase manufacturing technology belongs to powder, a part model is designed by using three-dimensional drawing software, then the three-dimensional model is exported to be a file format which can be identified by slicing software, the model is sliced by using the slicing software, and supports are added at proper positions to obtain the section data of the three-dimensional model; and (3) introducing the scanning path data into selective laser melting equipment, then irradiating laser spots in a certain area by using a high-energy-density laser as a heat source, scanning according to a planned scanning path, and scanning and stacking layer by layer to form the three-dimensional part.

However, the phenomenon of splashing caused by interaction of raw material powder and laser exists in the general selective laser melting process, the components and sphericity of the splashed powder are different from those of the raw material powder under the action of a force field and a temperature field, the splashed powder is deteriorated, subsequent printing is affected, and the density and strength performance of a formed part are reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, there is a need to provide a selective laser melting and forming device capable of collecting and processing splashed powder.

A selective laser melting and forming apparatus comprising: the device comprises a printing preparation unit, a powder spreading printing unit, a powder collecting unit and a powder processing unit;

the printing preparation unit is used for providing raw material powder for powder paving and printing, the powder paving and printing unit is used for powder paving, the powder collecting unit is used for collecting the powder after powder paving, and the powder processing unit is used for recovering and processing splashed powder;

the tops of the printing preparation unit, the powder paving and printing unit and the powder collecting unit are positioned on the same reference surface and are adjacent in sequence;

the powder processing unit includes: the powder collector, the first recovery pipe, the classifier, the second recovery pipe, the power structure, the first recovery bin and the second recovery bin;

the powder collector is connected with the classifier through the first recovery pipe, the classifier is connected with the power structure through the second recovery pipe, and the first recovery bin and the second recovery bin are arranged on the second recovery pipe at intervals;

a classification wheel is provided in the classifier to classify the splashed powder into the first recovery bin and the second recovery bin based on the weight of the powder particles.

In one embodiment, the classifier comprises: the powder classifying device comprises a shell, a motor, a classifying wheel, a powder inlet, a first powder outlet and a second powder outlet;

the grading wheel is fixedly arranged in the shell and is connected with the motor shaft;

the powder inlet, the first powder outlet and the second powder outlet are fixedly arranged on the shell, the powder inlet is connected with the powder collector, the first powder outlet is connected to the first recovery bin, and the second powder outlet is connected to the second recovery bin;

the motor is in transmission connection with the grading wheel to drive the grading wheel to rotate.

In one embodiment, the classifier further comprises: an auxiliary air inlet;

the auxiliary air inlet is used for adjusting the air flow pressure in the pipeline of the classifier and cleaning the inner wall of the classifier.

In one embodiment, the powder laying printing unit includes: the forming device comprises a forming bin, a first supporting plate, a first push rod, a guide rail and a scraper plate;

the first supporting plate and the first push rod are both fixedly arranged in the forming bin; the first supporting plate is fixedly arranged at the top of the first push rod, and the first supporting plate and the first push rod have a stroke of moving up and down in the forming bin;

the guide rail is horizontally arranged, and the scraper plate is fixedly and vertically arranged at one end of the guide rail and moves back and forth along a reference surface;

the powder collecting unit is arranged on one side of the forming bin, and the powder collecting unit is arranged below the other end of the guide rail.

In one embodiment, the print preparation unit includes: the powder storage bin, the second supporting plate and the second push rod;

the powder storage bin is arranged on the other side of the forming bin; the second supporting plate and the second push rod are fixedly arranged in the powder storage bin; the second supporting plate is fixedly arranged at the top of the second push rod, and the second supporting plate and the second push rod have a stroke moving up and down in the powder storage bin.

In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: a gas circulator;

the bottom of the gas circulator is flush with a datum plane, the gas circulator comprising: the air inlet machine and the air outlet machine are oppositely arranged on two sides of the guide rail along the moving direction of the scraper plate, so that a circulating air field is generated between the air inlet of the air inlet machine and the air outlet of the air outlet machine.

In one embodiment, the first recovery pipe is made of an elastic material.

In one embodiment, the power structure is a vacuum pump.

In one embodiment, the bottom of the scraper plate is provided with a soft rubber strip.

In one embodiment, the powder storage bin is arranged above or below the printing device.

Above-mentioned selective laser melting forming device, the powder that splashes that melts the forming process in selective laser melting through the collection powder ware collection to further carry out screening process through the grader, can distinguish recyclable powder and oxidation waste powder, reduced the residual of the powder that splashes in selective laser melting, improved the stability of printing, thereby improve metal powder's forming stability, improve the performance of shaping part.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a selective laser melting and forming apparatus in one embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a side view of a selective laser melting and forming device in one embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a classifier in one embodiment.

The reference numbers:

store up powder storehouse 1, second backup pad 2, second push rod 3, take shape storehouse 4, first backup pad 5, first push rod 6, scraper blade 7, guide rail 8, powder are collected unit 9, gas circulation machine 10, powder collector 11, first recovery tube 12, second recovery tube 13, classificator 14, power structure 15, first recovery storehouse 16, second recovery storehouse 17, go up casing 01, casing 02 down, motor 03, classifying wheel 04, powder inlet 05, first powder outlet 06, second powder outlet 07, supplementary air inlet 08.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.

As shown in fig. 1, the present application provides a selective laser melting and forming apparatus, which in one embodiment comprises: a printing preparation unit, a powder spreading printing unit, a powder collecting unit 9 and a powder processing unit; the printing preparation unit is used for providing raw material powder for powder paving and printing, the powder paving printing unit is used for powder paving, the powder collecting unit 9 is used for collecting the powder after powder paving, and the powder processing unit is used for recovering and processing splashed powder; the tops of the printing preparation unit, the powder laying printing unit and the powder collecting unit 9 are positioned on the same reference surface and are adjacent in sequence.

The powder processing unit includes: the powder collecting device 11, the first recovery pipe 12, the classifier 14, the second recovery pipe 13, the power structure 15, the first recovery bin 16 and the second recovery bin 17; the powder collector 11 is connected with the classifier 14 through a first recovery pipe 12, the classifier 14 is connected with the power structure 15 through a second recovery pipe 13, and the first recovery bin 16 and the second recovery bin 17 are arranged on the second recovery pipe 13 at intervals; a classification wheel 04 is provided inside the classifier 14 to classify the splashed powder into the first recovery bin 16 and the second recovery bin 17 based on the weight of the powder particles.

Printing powder in the printing preparation unit enters the powder collecting unit 9 after being spread by the powder spreading and printing unit along the reference surface and then is printed, the powder collector 11 reciprocates along the reference surface to sweep the whole reference surface, and powder scattered on the reference surface in the printing process is collected, so that the influence of oxidized powder on the next printing is avoided, and the performance of a printed piece is prevented from being deteriorated; in the process of collecting powder, suction can be controlled through the power structure 15, the suction influences the powder depth of the absorption reference surface, under the suction effect of the power structure 15, the powder enters the classifier 14 through the first recovery pipe 12, and is further sieved through the classifier 14, the classifying wheel 04 in the classifier 14 stratifies the splashed powder to different recovery bins according to different centrifugal forces suffered by different particle size states (such as size, weight and the like), the recyclable raw material powder is separated from the splashed oxidized powder, and the sieved powder is conveniently and directly taken for adding.

This device follows control afterwards, just carries out the recovery of the useless powder of oxidation on the reference surface promptly after every layer of laser printing is accomplished, can improve the clearance of the useless powder of oxidation, guarantees the quality of powder in the forming process, improves the laser selective melting formability and the performance stability of the back part that takes shape to promote the life-span of powder manifold cycles, effectively improve work efficiency and adapt to multiple printing operating mode.

In the present embodiment, the first recycling pipe 12 is made of an elastic material, and the power structure 15 can be a vacuum pump.

Above-mentioned selective laser melting forming device, the powder that splashes that melts the forming process in selective laser melting through the collection powder ware collection to further carry out screening process through the grader, can distinguish recyclable powder and oxidation waste powder, reduced the residual of the powder that splashes in selective laser melting, improved the stability of printing, thereby improve metal powder's forming stability, improve the performance of shaping part.

In one embodiment, classifier 14 is selected from a vertical dry powder air classifier; the classifier 14 specifically includes: the powder classifying device comprises a shell, a motor 03, a classifying wheel 04, a powder inlet 05, a first powder outlet 06 and a second powder outlet 07; the grading wheel 04 is fixedly arranged in the shell and is connected with the motor 03 through a shaft; the powder inlet 05, the first powder outlet 06 and the second powder outlet 07 are all fixedly arranged on the shell, the powder inlet 05 is connected with the powder collector 11, the first powder outlet 06 is connected to the first recovery bin 16, and the second powder outlet 07 is connected to the second recovery bin 17; the motor 03 is in transmission connection with the grading wheel 04 to drive the grading wheel 04 to rotate.

In practical application, other types or models of graders can be selected according to requirements.

The casing of the classifier 14 is divided into an upper casing 01 and a lower casing 02 to facilitate the disassembly, assembly, maintenance, and the like of the motor 03 and the classifying wheel 04.

The motor 03 drives the classifying wheel 04 to rotate at a high speed, and a strong centrifugal force is formed in the shell. The gas-powder mixture entering the classifier 14 firstly enters the classifying wheel 04, and under the action of centrifugal force, large or heavy powder particles are subjected to large centrifugal force, so that the large or heavy powder particles are thrown to the periphery of the classifying wheel 04 to the side wall of the classifier 14, are not influenced by the centrifugal force, naturally fall into the crushing main machine to be continuously crushed or fall into the first powder outlet 06 for recovery; the small or light powder particles are small under the action of centrifugal force, hover inside the classifying wheel 04, are influenced by the induced wind force of the induced draft fan to be brought to a high position, and are recovered from the pipeline to the second powder outlet 07.

The classifying wheel 04 can set different working frequencies according to different types of printing powder, and the rotating speed is changed through frequency conversion adjustment, so that the centrifugal force in the classifier 14 can be adjusted, and the purpose of classifying the powder with different particle sizes is achieved.

In one embodiment, the classifier 14 further includes an auxiliary air intake 08. The auxiliary air inlet 08 is used to adjust the pressure of the air flow in the duct of the classifier 14 and to clean the inner wall of the classifier 14.

In one embodiment, the toner printing unit includes: the forming bin 4, a first supporting plate 5, a first push rod 6, a guide rail 8 and a scraper plate 7; the first supporting plate 5 and the first push rod 6 are both fixedly arranged in the forming bin 4; the first supporting plate 5 is fixedly arranged at the top of the first push rod 6, and the first supporting plate 5 and the first push rod 6 have a stroke of moving up and down in the forming bin 4; the guide rail 8 is horizontally arranged, and the scraper plate 7 is fixedly and vertically arranged at one end of the guide rail 8 and moves back and forth along a reference surface; the powder collecting unit 9 is provided at one side of the forming hopper 4, and the powder collecting unit 9 is provided below the other end of the guide rail 8.

The first push rod 6 drives the first supporting plate 5 to ascend and descend up and down in the forming bin 4 under the control of system software, the printing substrate is fixed on the first supporting plate 5 and gradually descends along with the printing process through bolt connection, and the initial position is the top of the forming bin 4.

The scraper plate 7 reciprocates along the track direction of the guide rail 8 to convey printing raw material powder and ensure that the printing raw material powder is flatly paved on the top plane of the forming bin 4; the bottom of the scraper plate 7 can be provided with a soft adhesive tape.

The powder collector 11 reciprocates in the track direction of the guide rail 8 in parallel with the scraper plate 7, the area swept by the powder collector 11 includes the entire reference surface, and is initially located on the right side of the powder collection unit 9, and the powder collector 11 controls suction force by a vacuum pump, preferably controls the depth of powder absorbed on the reference surface to be 1mm thick.

In one embodiment, the print preparation unit includes: the powder storage bin 1, the second supporting plate 2 and the second push rod 3; the powder storage bin 1 is arranged at the other side of the forming bin 4; the second supporting plate 2 and the second push rod 3 are both fixedly arranged in the powder storage bin 1; the second supporting plate 2 is fixedly arranged at the top of the second push rod 3, and the second supporting plate 2 and the second push rod 3 have a stroke moving up and down in the powder storage bin 1.

Store up powder storehouse 1 and be located the printing apparatus below, inside is filled and is printed raw and other materials powder, stores up and install second backup pad 2 and second push rod 3 in the powder storehouse 1, and initial position is in storing up 1 bottoms in powder storehouse, drives second backup pad 2 through system software control second push rod 3 and carries out the oscilaltion, and is further, can adjust the height of second backup pad 2 according to the size of printing the part, controls the filling volume of initial powder.

In one embodiment, further comprising: a gas circulator 10; the bottom of the gas circulator 10 is flush with a reference surface, the gas circulator 10 comprising: the air inlet machine and the air outlet machine are oppositely arranged on two sides of the guide rail 8 along the moving direction of the scraper plate 7, so that a circulating air field is generated between the air inlet of the air inlet machine and the air outlet of the air outlet machine.

The gas circulator 10 can select an inert gas circulator, an air inlet machine and an air outlet machine are arranged, gas continuously and circularly flows, powder in the printing process splashes under the action of an air field and falls on the powder collecting unit 9 and the reference surface from the beginning of printing to the end of the whole printing process, and the powder is recovered through the powder collector 11.

Moreover, the control of the powder recovery amount can be carried out by adjusting the working frequency of the gas circulator, so that the working efficiency is effectively improved, and the gas circulator is suitable for various printing working conditions.

In this embodiment, the working process of the selective laser melting and forming device is as follows: the second supporting plate in the powder storage bin is adjusted to a set position, then raw material printing powder is filled, the first supporting plate in the forming bin is adjusted to a top set position, and the equipment bin door is closed to start printing. The second supporting plate in the powder storage bin rises, the scraper plate starts to move from left to right according to the track of the guide rail, powder on the second supporting plate in the powder storage bin is pushed to move and returns to the powder collecting unit, powder paving work in one pass is completed, and uniform powder paving of the plane of the base plate in the forming bin is guaranteed. The equipment starts laser printing and forming, the inert gas circulator is started, gas continuously and circularly flows, and after one layer of printing is finished, splashed oxidation powder falls back on the top plane and the reference plane of the forming bin under the action of the wind field. The powder collector starts to move from right to left according to the direction of the guide rail trajectory, moves to the left side of the reference surface and returns, the splashed powder on the reference surface is recovered along the sweeping direction, and the recovered powder enters the powder collector under the action of the power mechanism. The powder entering the powder collector is further screened under the action of the classifier, and the powder with different particle sizes is respectively recovered to a first recovery bin and a second recovery bin, wherein the powder in the first recovery bin is the powder with serious oxidation and particle morphology change and cannot be reused, and the powder in the second recovery bin is the fine powder and can be reused. And with the continuous printing of each layer of powder in the forming bin, finally completing the printing and forming of the whole part.

In one embodiment, the powder hopper 1 is above or below the printing apparatus.

The powder storage bin 1 can be positioned above or below the printing equipment, the forming bin 4 is supplied with powder for printing in an upper powder feeding mode and a lower powder feeding mode respectively, and the preferable powder storage bin 1 is positioned below the printing equipment.

The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.