阅读说明：本技术 一种3d打印机及其铺料方法 (3D printer and material paving method thereof ) 是由 陈敏生 刘杰 范彦斌 郑泽锦 亢志颖 朱涛 黎泳怡 于 2020-12-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种3D打印机,包括铺料臂、刮刀组件和至少两个调节器；至少两个调节器沿所述刮刀组件的长度方向设置；所述调节器包括外壳、连接轴和轴承套；所述外壳与所述刮刀组件连接；所述轴承套固定连接于所述外壳内,所述连接轴依次穿过所述铺料臂和所述外壳并插接于所述轴承套内,所述连接轴与所述铺料臂螺纹连接。本发明有效改善了刮刀组件的刮料块的铺粉效果,减缓了刮刀组件的刮料块的磨损速度,进而节约了打印成本,且本发明具有操作简单且调节精度高,大大地提高了铺粉精度,进而提升了打印精度,使得成型的金属零件质量更高的优点。本发明还提供了一种基于3D打印机的铺料方法。(The invention provides a 3D printer which comprises a material spreading arm, a scraper component and at least two regulators, wherein the material spreading arm is connected with the scraper component; at least two adjusters are arranged along the length of the doctor assembly; the regulator comprises a shell, a connecting shaft and a bearing sleeve; the housing is connected with the scraper assembly; the bearing sleeve is fixedly connected in the shell, the connecting shaft sequentially penetrates through the material spreading arm and the shell and is inserted in the bearing sleeve, and the connecting shaft is in threaded connection with the material spreading arm. The powder spreading device effectively improves the powder spreading effect of the scraper block of the scraper assembly, slows down the abrasion speed of the scraper block of the scraper assembly, and further saves the printing cost. The invention further provides a paving method based on the 3D printer.)

1. A3D printer, including printer body, its characterized in that still includes

A forming chamber having a printing port through which laser light passes;

the stone device, the stone device is used for the stone, the stone device is located in the shaping chamber and can be relative shaping chamber reciprocating motion, the stone device includes

A material spreading arm;

a scraper assembly;

at least two adjusters disposed along a length of the doctor assembly; the regulator comprises a shell, a connecting shaft and a bearing sleeve; the housing is connected with the scraper assembly; the bearing sleeve is fixedly connected in the shell, the connecting shaft sequentially penetrates through the material spreading arm and the shell and is inserted in the bearing sleeve, and the connecting shaft is in threaded connection with the material spreading arm.

2. The 3D printer of claim 1, wherein the printer body comprises

A laser printing device;

the material storage cylinder is used for storing raw materials and pushing the raw materials to the forming chamber;

the forming cylinder comprises a cylinder body communicated with the forming chamber and a forming platform for supporting the raw materials, and the forming platform is positioned in the cylinder body and can move up and down relative to the cylinder body; the material spreading device is used for pushing the material storage cylinder to the raw material of the forming chamber to the forming platform.

3. The 3D printer of claim 1, wherein the lay-down arm comprises a link block and an adjustment block in threaded connection with the link shaft; at least two first through holes are formed in the connecting rod block along the length direction of the connecting rod block, and the adjusting block is fixedly arranged in the first through holes.

4. The 3D printer according to claim 2, wherein the adjusting block is provided with a second through hole, the first through hole and the second through hole are coaxially arranged, and an internal thread is arranged in the second through hole; the outer surface of the connecting shaft is provided with an external thread meshed with the internal thread, and the connecting shaft is inserted in the second through hole.

5. The 3D printer of claim 1, wherein the scraper assembly comprises a clamping plate and a scraper block, the clamping plate is provided with extension blocks corresponding to the adjusters in a one-to-one correspondence, and the extension blocks are connected with the housing through first bolts.

6. The 3D printer of claim 4, wherein an installation groove for installing the scraper block is formed in one end face, away from the shell, of the clamping plate.

7. The 3D printer of claim 1, wherein the housing comprises a first half shell and a second half shell mated with the first half shell, the first half shell and the second half shell connected by a second bolt.

8. The 3D printer according to claim 7, wherein the housing has an opening, the housing has a first cavity and a second cavity disposed in an up-down arrangement and communicating with each other, the first cavity is disposed adjacent to the opening and is in communication with the opening; the bearing sleeve is located in the first cavity, and the connecting shaft sequentially penetrates through the opening and the first cavity and extends to the second cavity.

9. The 3D printer of claim 1, further comprising a positioning pin, wherein a step is formed between the first cavity and the second cavity, and the positioning pin transversely penetrates the connecting shaft and abuts against the step.

10. A paving method based on a 3D printer according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises the steps of

The forming platform descends relative to the cylinder body, and a space is formed between the forming platform and a port of the cylinder body;

the material storage cylinder pushes the raw material to enter the forming chamber, and the volume of the raw material is equal to that of the space;

the spreading device pushes the raw materials in the forming chamber into the space and scrapes the raw materials;

the laser printing device scans and melts the raw materials based on a preset scanning path until the path scanning and melting are completed;

and repeating the steps until the workpiece is formed.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printers, in particular to a 3D printer and a paving method thereof.

Background

The Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology is a 3D printing technology that can directly form metal parts with nearly complete density and good mechanical properties. At present, when the SLM type metal 3D printer executes printing operation, a layer of metal powder is firstly paved on a forming platform through a scraper on a paving device, and the scraper is used for scraping and paving the powder. When the scraper is used for a certain time, abrasion is generated, so that the thickness precision of the powder layer is reduced, and the printing precision is further reduced.

At present, two methods for solving the problem of abrasion of a scraper of selective laser melting SLM equipment are available. According to the abrasion degree of the scraper, when the scraper is seriously abraded, a first method is adopted: a scraper is directly replaced. Namely, the scraper in the scraper clamping plate is disassembled, and then a new scraper is replaced. When the scraper is worn slightly, the bottom surface of the scraper is a little higher than the powder spreading plane, so that part of the metal powder to be spread is not enough to be spread by the scraper, and then the second method can be adopted: the coping method of the prior art is to loosen the scraper clamping plate and reduce the height of the scraper clamping plate so as to compensate the abrasion loss of the scraper, make the scraper contact with the powder spreading plane better, tighten the screw on the positioning pressing plate after the position is adjusted, and fix the scraper clamping plate. The doctor blade clamping plate also holds the doctor blade at the proper height.

The prior art has the following defects: firstly, the method comprises the following steps: the method for manually adjusting the height of the upper scraper of the spreading device has the advantages of low adjustment precision, complicated adjustment steps, and difficulty in popularizing the technique of operators. Secondly, the method comprises the following steps: the wear of the scraper is not uniform, the height of the scraper clamping plate is adjusted to be the adjusting contact surface of the scraper clamping plate, and the adjusting contact surface is horizontal, so that the bottom surface of the scraper after adjustment still cannot be effectively contacted with the powder spreading plane.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on this, in order to solve the problems of low scraper adjustment precision, complicated adjustment steps and s of the traditional spreading device, the invention provides a 3D printer, which has the following specific technical scheme:

A3D printer comprises

A forming chamber having a printing port through which laser light passes;

the stone device, the stone device is used for the stone, the stone device is located in the shaping chamber and can be relative shaping chamber reciprocating motion, the stone device includes

A material spreading arm;

a scraper assembly;

at least two adjusters disposed along a length of the doctor assembly; the regulator comprises a shell, a connecting shaft and a bearing sleeve; the housing is connected with the scraper assembly; the bearing sleeve is fixedly connected in the shell, the connecting shaft sequentially penetrates through the material spreading arm and the shell and is inserted in the bearing sleeve, and the connecting shaft is in threaded connection with the material spreading arm.

According to the 3D printer, aiming at the problem of uneven wear of the scraper component, the at least two regulators are arranged, and asynchronous regulation is realized through the at least two regulators, so that the powder spreading effect of the scraper component is effectively improved, the wear speed of the scraper component is slowed down, and the printing cost is saved; furthermore, the scraper component is lifted and adjusted through the rotating connecting shaft, the operation is simple, the adjusting precision is high, the powder spreading precision is greatly improved, the printing precision is further improved, and the quality of the formed metal part is higher.

Further, the printer body comprises a laser printing device, a storage cylinder and a forming cylinder; the material storage cylinder is used for storing raw materials and pushing the raw materials to the forming chamber; the forming cylinder comprises a cylinder body communicated with the forming chamber and a forming platform for supporting the raw materials, and the forming platform is positioned in the cylinder body and can move up and down relative to the cylinder body; the material spreading device is used for pushing the material storage cylinder to the raw material of the forming chamber to the forming platform.

Further, the material spreading arm comprises a connecting rod block and an adjusting block in threaded connection with the connecting shaft; at least two first through holes are formed in the connecting rod block along the length direction of the connecting rod block, and the adjusting block is fixedly arranged in the first through holes.

Furthermore, the adjusting block is provided with a second through hole, the first through hole and the second through hole are coaxially arranged, and an internal thread is arranged in the second through hole; the outer surface of the connecting shaft is provided with an external thread meshed with the internal thread, and the connecting shaft is inserted in the second through hole.

Further, the scraper component comprises a clamping plate and a scraping block, the clamping plate is provided with extending blocks which correspond to the regulators in a one-to-one mode, and the extending blocks are connected with the shell through first bolts.

Furthermore, an installation groove for installing the scraper block is arranged on one end face, far away from the shell, of the clamping plate.

Further, the shell comprises a first half shell and a second half shell matched with the first half shell, and the first half shell and the second half shell are connected through a second bolt.

Furthermore, an opening is arranged on the shell, a first cavity and a second cavity which are arranged up and down and are communicated with each other are arranged in the shell, the first cavity is arranged close to the opening, and the first cavity is communicated with the opening; the bearing sleeve is located in the first cavity, and the connecting shaft sequentially penetrates through the opening and the first cavity and extends to the second cavity.

Further, still include the locating pin, be formed with the step portion between first cavity with the second cavity, the locating pin transversely pass the connecting axle and with step portion butt.

Furthermore, the material spreading arm is arranged in the horizontal direction, the connecting shaft is arranged in the vertical direction, and the scraper assembly is located below the material spreading arm.

The invention also provides a paving method based on the 3D printer, which comprises the following steps:

the forming platform descends relative to the cylinder body, and a space is formed between the forming platform and a port of the cylinder body;

the material storage cylinder pushes the raw material to enter the forming chamber, and the volume of the raw material is equal to that of the space;

the spreading device pushes the raw materials in the forming chamber into the space and scrapes the raw materials;

the laser printing device scans and melts the raw materials based on a preset scanning path until the path scanning and melting are completed;

and repeating the steps until the workpiece is formed.

Drawings

The invention will be further understood from the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the embodiments. Like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the different views.

Fig. 1 is one of schematic structural diagrams of a spreading device of a 3D printer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a second schematic structural diagram of a material spreading device of a 3D printer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an adjuster of a 3D printer according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a top view of an adjuster of a 3D printer according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 4;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3D printer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1-a material spreading arm; 2-clamping plate; 3-a scraper block; 4-a connecting shaft; 5-an adjusting block; 6-a housing; 61-a first cavity; 62-a second cavity; 7-a bearing sleeve; 8-a first bolt; 9-a second bolt; 10-mounting grooves; 11-a locating pin; 12-a step portion; 13-a forming chamber; 14-a cylinder body; 15-a forming platform; 16-a storage cylinder; 17-a spreading device; 18-a laser printing device; 19-starting material; 20-workpiece.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to embodiments thereof. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the scope of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

The terms "first" and "second" used herein do not denote any particular order or quantity, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another.

As shown in fig. 1, 5 and 6, a 3D printer according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a forming chamber 13 and a spreading device 17; the forming chamber 13 has a printing port through which the laser passes; the spreading device 17 comprises a spreading arm 1, a scraper component and two regulators; the two regulators are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the scraper component; the regulator comprises a shell 6, a connecting shaft 4 and a bearing sleeve 7; the shell 6 is connected with the scraper component; bearing housing 7 fixed connection is in shell 6, and connecting axle 4 passes in proper order and paves in the arm 1 and shell 6 and insert and connect in bearing housing 7, connecting axle 4 and the threaded connection of arm 1 of paving.

According to the 3D printer, aiming at the problem of uneven wear of the scraper component, the two regulators are arranged, and asynchronous regulation is realized through the two regulators, so that the powder spreading effect of the scraper component is effectively improved, the wear speed of the scraper component is slowed down, and the printing cost is further saved; furthermore, the lifting adjustment of the scraper component is realized through the rotary connecting shaft 4, the operation is simple, the adjustment precision is high, the powder spreading precision is greatly improved, the printing precision is further improved, and the quality of the formed metal part is higher.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, two adjusters are located at both ends of the doctor assembly.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the printer body includes a laser printing device 18, an accumulator 16, and a forming cylinder; the accumulator 16 is used for storing the raw material 19 and pushing the raw material 19 to the forming chamber 13; the forming cylinder comprises a cylinder body 14 communicated with the forming chamber 13 and a forming platform 15 for supporting the raw material 19, and the forming platform 15 is positioned in the cylinder body 14 and can move up and down relative to the cylinder body 14; the spreader 17 is used to push the stock 19 from the accumulator 16 to the forming chamber 13 onto the forming table 15. Wherein the raw material 19 is specifically metal powder.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the spreading arm 1 comprises a connecting rod block and an adjusting block 5 in threaded connection with a connecting shaft 4; at least two first through holes are formed in the connecting rod block along the length direction of the connecting rod block, and the adjusting block 5 is fixedly arranged in the first through holes; the adjusting block 5 is provided with a second through hole, the first through hole and the second through hole are coaxially arranged, and an internal thread is arranged in the second through hole; the outer surface of the connecting shaft 4 is provided with an external thread meshed with the internal thread, and the connecting shaft 4 is inserted into the second through hole. So, through setting up regulating block 5 and connecting rod piece detachable connections to be convenient for transportation, dismouting and change accessories.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the scraper assembly comprises a clamping plate 2 and a scraper block 3, the clamping plate 2 is provided with extension blocks corresponding to the adjusters one by one, and the extension blocks are connected with the housing 6 through first bolts 8. So, guaranteed splint 2 and shell 6's detachable connections to be convenient for transportation, dismouting and change accessories.

Wherein, the scraping block 3 is made of flexible material.

Further, as shown in fig. 2, an end face of the clamping plate 2 away from the housing 6 is provided with a mounting groove 10 for mounting the scraper block 3. So, be convenient for the change of consumptive material scraper piece 3.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 to 5, the housing 6 includes a first half shell and a second half shell matched with the first half shell, and the first half shell and the second half shell are connected through a second bolt 9. Furthermore, an opening is arranged on the shell 6, a first cavity 61 and a second cavity 62 which are arranged up and down and are communicated with each other are arranged in the shell 6, the first cavity 61 is arranged close to the opening, and the first cavity 61 is communicated with the opening; the bearing sleeve 7 is positioned in the first cavity 61, and the connecting shaft 4 sequentially passes through the opening and the first cavity 61 and extends to the second cavity 62. Therefore, the mounting difficulty of the bearing sleeve 7 is reduced, and the precision of height adjustment is improved.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 5, the positioning pin 11 is further included, a step portion 12 is formed between the first cavity 61 and the second cavity 62, and the positioning pin 11 transversely penetrates through the connecting shaft 4 and abuts against the step portion 12. In this way, it is achieved that the lifting movement of the connecting shaft 4 relative to the housing 6 is limited.

In one embodiment, the paving arm 1 is arranged in a horizontal direction, the connecting shaft 4 is arranged in a vertical direction, and the scraper component is positioned below the paving arm 1.

In one embodiment, the adjusting block 5 is embodied as a nut, and the bearing sleeve 7 is embodied as an angular contact ball bearing.

In an embodiment of the present invention, a paving method based on the 3D printer includes the following steps:

s1: the forming platform 15 descends relative to the cylinder body 14, and a space is formed between the forming platform 15 and the port of the cylinder body 14, namely when the selective laser melting SLM device works, the forming platform 15 descends by a powder layer thickness height;

s2: accumulator 16 is advanced until the feedstock 19 enters the forming chamber 13 and the volume of feedstock 19 equals the volume of the space in S2, i.e., accumulator 16 filled with metal powder that has been leveled is raised one powder layer thickness;

s3: the spreading device 17 pushes the raw material 19 in the forming chamber 13 into the space and scrapes the raw material, that is, the spreading device 17 at the original position spreads the metal powder with the thickness of a powder layer on the forming platform 15, wherein the metal powder is scraped by the scraper block 3;

s4: the laser printing device 18 scans and melts the raw material 19 based on a preset scanning path until the path scanning and melting are completed, the laser printing device 18 scans and melts the metal powder according to the slicing path, and the laser printing device 18 stops emitting laser until the path scanning and melting are completed; next, the forming platform 15 descends by a powder layer thickness height, the spreading device 17 returns to the original point, the storage tank 16 ascends by a powder layer thickness height, and the spreading device 17 spreads the powder on the forming plane, namely, the powder is superposed on the upper layer of metal powder.

S5: the above steps are repeated until the workpiece 20 is formed.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.