阅读说明：本技术 极片材料交变应力分离回收方法及装置 (Pole piece material alternating stress separation and recovery method and device ) 是由 吴峻 郭杰 于 2021-08-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种极片材料交变应力分离回收方法及装置,将分离出来的电极薄片经输送带输送到交变应力碾压机构进行碾压,电极薄片经过碾压分离成正/负极材料和铝箔/铜箔；输送带将经过碾压分离的正/负极材料和铝箔/铜箔的混合料输送到材料拍打脱离机构进一步拍打脱离；输送带将经过拍打脱离的混合料输送到材料分选机构进行分选回收。电极薄片经本发明提供的极片材料交变应力分离回收方法及装置进行回收后,不产生混杂,回收率高,纯净度高,资源利用价值达到最大化。(The invention discloses a method and a device for separating and recovering alternating stress of a pole piece material, wherein a separated electrode sheet is conveyed to an alternating stress rolling mechanism through a conveying belt to be rolled, and the electrode sheet is rolled and separated into a positive/negative electrode material and an aluminum foil/copper foil; conveying the mixture of the positive/negative electrode material and the aluminum foil/copper foil which are separated by rolling to a material beating and separating mechanism by a conveying belt for further beating and separating; the conveying belt conveys the mixture separated by beating to a material sorting mechanism for sorting and recycling. After the electrode sheet is recycled by the alternating stress separation and recovery method and the alternating stress separation and recovery device for the electrode sheet, no mixing is generated, the recovery rate is high, the purity is high, and the resource utilization value is maximized.)

1. A pole piece material alternating stress separation and recovery method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: distributing the separated electrode slices onto a conveyor belt for conveying;

s2: conveying the electrode sheets to an alternating stress rolling mechanism by a conveying belt for rolling, and separating the electrode sheets into positive/negative electrode materials and aluminum foils/copper foils through rolling;

s3: conveying the mixture of the positive/negative electrode material and the aluminum foil/copper foil which are separated by rolling to a material beating and separating mechanism by a conveying belt for further beating and separating;

s4: the conveying belt conveys the mixture separated by beating to a material sorting mechanism for sorting and recycling.

2. The alternating stress separation and recovery method for the pole piece material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrode sheet is rolled to form a uniform concave-convex texture when the alternating stress rolling mechanism rolls the electrode sheet.

3. The alternating stress separation and recovery method of pole piece materials according to claim 1, wherein the electrode sheet is repeatedly bent and flattened during rolling by the alternating stress rolling mechanism.

4. The alternating stress separation and recovery method of pole piece materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material sorting mechanism has an alternating magnetic field.

5. The pole piece material alternating stress separation and recovery device is characterized by comprising a conveying belt tensioning roller, a conveying belt, an alternating stress rolling mechanism, a material beating and separating mechanism and a material sorting mechanism, wherein the conveying belt tensioning roller, the alternating stress rolling mechanism, the material beating and separating mechanism and the material sorting mechanism are sequentially arranged on a rack, and the conveying belt is arranged on the conveying belt tensioning roller and the material sorting mechanism;

the conveying belt is used for conveying the electrode sheets;

the alternating stress rolling mechanism is used for rolling the electrode sheets;

the material beating and separating mechanism is used for further beating and separating the mixture of the rolled and separated positive/negative electrode material and the aluminum foil/copper foil;

the material sorting mechanism is used for sorting and recycling the mixture separated by beating.

6. The pole piece material alternating stress separating and recycling device of claim 5, wherein the alternating stress rolling mechanism comprises a rolling carrier roller group and an anilox rolling roller group, the rolling carrier roller group is arranged below the conveying belt, the anilox rolling roller group is arranged above the conveying belt, the anilox rolling roller group rolls the electrode sheet into uniform concave-convex textures, and the electrode sheet is repeatedly bent and flattened under the action of the rolling carrier roller group and the anilox rolling roller group.

7. The alternating stress separation and recovery device for pole piece materials as claimed in claim 5, wherein the material beating and separating mechanism comprises a beating mechanism, a sheave deceleration mechanism and an eccentric link mechanism, the beating mechanism is installed on the conveyor belt, the eccentric link mechanism connects the sheave deceleration mechanism and the beating mechanism, and the mixture is subjected to high frequency beating deformation and separation under the action of the beating mechanism, the sheave deceleration mechanism and the eccentric link mechanism.

8. The alternating stress separating and recycling device for pole piece materials according to claim 7, wherein the patting mechanism comprises a patting guide seat, a patting flat plate, a patting pulling rod, a patting vertical plate and a patting carrier roller, the patting vertical plate is connected with the conveying belt, the patting flat plate is installed above the patting vertical plate, the patting guide seat is installed below the patting vertical plate, the patting carrier roller is installed between the patting guide seat and the conveying belt, the patting pulling rod is connected with the eccentric link mechanism, and the mixture is subjected to high-frequency patting deformation under the action of the patting guide seat, the patting flat plate, the patting pulling rod, the patting vertical plate and the patting carrier roller.

9. The alternating stress separating and recycling device for pole piece materials as claimed in claim 5, wherein the material separating mechanism comprises an eddy current separating roller, a separating isolator and a material recycling box, the eddy current separating roller is connected with the conveying belt, the separating isolator is installed on the side surface of the eddy current separating roller, and the material recycling box is installed below the separating isolator; the eddy current separation roller and the separation isolator are used for conveying and separating separated mixture, and the material recovery box is used for recovering the separated materials.

10. The pole piece material alternating stress separation recovery device of claim 9, wherein the eddy current sorting roller has an alternating magnetic field.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of recycling of retired lithium batteries, in particular to a method and a device for separating and recycling electrode materials and current collectors of positive/negative electrode plates of power and energy storage retired lithium batteries.

Background

With the vigorous popularization of new energy electric vehicles and electric power energy storage in China, the production scale of lithium batteries is explosively increased, and the total capacity of the existing and built lithium batteries breaks through 1 TWh. Since 2020, tens of thousands of tons of lithium batteries are decommissioned every year, and the number of lithium batteries is rapidly increased year by year until the lithium batteries are decommissioned to the scale of nearly ten thousand tons in the next year. At present, the high-quality recycling technology of retired lithium batteries at home and abroad can not keep pace with the rapid development of the lithium batteries, and becomes a key ring for realizing the urgent solution and improvement in the aim of the lithium battery recycling economy industry chain.

The lithium battery monomer is mainly formed by overlapping or winding a positive plate (formed by coating positive/negative materials on two sides of an aluminum foil), a plastic diaphragm and a negative plate (formed by coating negative materials on two sides of a copper foil) layer by layer to form a core package, then filling a proper amount of electrolyte into a shell, and then sealing. In order to realize green and efficient recycling of retired lithium batteries, it is urgent to develop a new technology for splitting lithium battery monomers, which is capable of performing full-automatic and accurate classification and recycling of the seven major components of the shells, the positive/negative electrode materials, the aluminum foils, the plastic diaphragms, the negative electrode materials, the copper foils and the electrolyte of the battery monomers, wherein the technology for separating and recycling the electrode materials of the positive and negative electrode plates and the aluminum foils and the copper foils is one of the key technical bottlenecks to be solved urgently. In recent years, there are many scientific research institutes at home and abroad, companies, enterprises and technicians invest a lot of time, energy and funds, research and development of related technologies are carried out, and some technical methods are developed, and the following four technical methods are summarized: 1. crushing, separating and recovering; 2. liquid soaking, separating and recovering method; 3. crushing, impacting, friction separating and recovering; high power ultrasonic separation, a research result just published in rice university in great Britain in the first half of 4.2021.

In the patent numbers: 201821091808.5, 201910527063.5 and 2019113650245.3, which are mainly used to separate the electrode material of the positive and negative electrode sheets from the aluminum foil and copper foil by a sheet breaker, a sheet liquid soaking device or a sheet impact friction device, but have the following problems: 1. through the crushing and crushing method, the separated materials are seriously mixed, the subsequent separation process is complicated, the material recovery rate and the purity are not high, particularly, the fine mixed powder with the particle size of more than 120 meshes cannot be effectively separated, and a large amount of dust is generated in the crushing process, so that a large-scale dust removal device is required to be configured for environment-friendly standard emission treatment; 2. by adopting a liquid soaking method, the recovered materials need to be dried, the energy consumption is higher, and the waste liquid needs to be treated in an environment-friendly way, so that the cost is higher; 3. the method of removing powder by impact friction includes the same material as that of the pulverization methodThe problem of mixing is solved, meanwhile, due to high-speed impact between the pole pieces, the aluminum foil and the copper foil can be curled into a cluster to wrap electrode powder in the cluster, and broken fine powder of the aluminum foil and the copper foil can also enter into the electrode material, so that the recovery rate and the recovery purity of the pole piece material are directly influenced; 4. the method using ultrasonic waves also has a series of problems caused by the use of liquids due to the need to perform treatment in liquids, and uses a high-power ultrasonic generator (200 w/cm)²) The method has the advantages that the energy consumption is high, ultrasonic waves in liquid can have certain erosion effect on the aluminum foil and the copper foil, so that more erosion holes are formed on the surface of the material, and the recovery rate of the aluminum foil and the copper foil is influenced, and the recovery purity of the electrode material is also influenced.

In summary, the prior art has the following disadvantages: the key technical problems of high recovery rate, high purity, energy conservation and environmental protection of the separation and recovery of the anode and cathode plate materials are not solved fundamentally, and the method is also an ultimate target to be realized in the lithium battery disassembly and recovery industry: the method has the advantages of accurate material splitting, efficient resource utilization, environment-friendly process and emission reduction, and is one of three key technologies (positive and negative pole piece sorting, pole piece material separation and electrolyte recovery) to be solved urgently.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a pole piece material alternating stress separation and recovery method and device, which are used for solving the key technical problems of high recovery rate, high purity, energy conservation and environmental protection of separation and recovery of positive/negative pole piece materials in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

in a first aspect, a pole piece material alternating stress separation and recovery method comprises the following steps:

s1: distributing the separated electrode slices onto a conveyor belt for conveying;

s2: conveying the electrode sheets to an alternating stress rolling mechanism by a conveying belt for rolling, and separating the electrode sheets into positive/negative electrode materials and aluminum foils/copper foils through rolling;

s3: conveying the mixture of the positive/negative electrode material and the aluminum foil/copper foil which are separated by rolling to a material beating and separating mechanism by a conveying belt for further beating and separating;

s4: the conveying belt conveys the mixture separated by beating to a material sorting mechanism for sorting and recycling.

Further, when the alternating stress rolling mechanism rolls the electrode sheet, the electrode sheet is rolled to form uniform concave-convex textures.

Further, when the alternating stress rolling mechanism rolls the electrode sheet, the electrode sheet is repeatedly bent and flattened.

Further, the material sorting mechanism is provided with an alternating magnetic field.

In a second aspect, the pole piece material alternating stress separating and recycling device comprises a conveying belt tensioning roller, a conveying belt, an alternating stress rolling mechanism, a material beating and separating mechanism and a material sorting mechanism, wherein the conveying belt tensioning roller, the alternating stress rolling mechanism, the material beating and separating mechanism and the material sorting mechanism are sequentially arranged on a rack, and the conveying belt is installed on the conveying belt tensioning roller and the material sorting mechanism;

the conveying belt is used for conveying the electrode sheets;

the alternating stress rolling mechanism is used for rolling the electrode sheets;

the material beating and separating mechanism is used for further beating and separating the mixture of the rolled and separated positive/negative electrode material and the aluminum foil/copper foil;

the material sorting mechanism is used for sorting and recycling the mixture separated by beating.

Further, alternating stress rolls the mechanism and rolls the roller set including rolling the bearing roller group and reticulation, roll the bearing roller group and set up in the conveyer belt below, the reticulation rolls the roller set and sets up the top of conveyer belt, the reticulation rolls the roller group and will the electrode sheet rolls out even unsmooth texture, the electrode sheet is in roll the bearing roller group with the reticulation rolls the effect of roller group down and is pressed the bending repeatedly and flatten again.

Further, the material patting and separating mechanism comprises a patting mechanism, a sheave speed reducing mechanism and an eccentric connecting rod mechanism, the patting mechanism is installed on the conveying belt, the eccentric connecting rod mechanism is connected with the sheave speed reducing mechanism and the patting mechanism, and the mixture is subjected to high-frequency patting deformation and separation under the action of the patting mechanism, the sheave speed reducing mechanism and the eccentric connecting rod mechanism.

Further, patting mechanism is including patting the guide holder, patting dull and stereotypedly, patting the pulling rod, patting the riser and patting the bearing roller, pat the riser with the conveyer belt is connected, it installs to pat the flat board pat the top of riser, pat the guide holder and install pat the below of riser, it installs to pat the bearing roller pat the guide holder with between the conveyer belt, pat the pulling rod and connect eccentric link mechanism, the mixture is in pat the guide holder, pat dull and stereotypedly, pat the pulling rod, pat the riser and pat the effect of bearing roller and carry out the high-frequency under and pat the deformation.

Further, the material sorting mechanism comprises an eddy current sorting roller, a sorting isolator and a material recovery box, wherein the eddy current sorting roller is connected with the conveying belt, the sorting isolator is arranged on the side surface of the eddy current sorting roller, and the material recovery box is arranged below the sorting isolator; the eddy current separation roller and the separation isolator are used for conveying and separating separated mixture, and the material recovery box is used for recovering the separated materials.

Further, the eddy current sorting roller has an alternating magnetic field.

The invention has at least the following beneficial effects: conveying the separated electrode slices to an alternating stress rolling mechanism through a conveying belt for rolling, and separating the electrode slices into positive/negative electrode materials and aluminum foils/copper foils through rolling; conveying the mixture of the positive/negative electrode material and the aluminum foil/copper foil which are separated by rolling to a material beating and separating mechanism by a conveying belt for further beating and separating; the conveyer belt conveys the mixture that breaks away from through patting to material sorting mechanism and selects separately the recovery, and the back of retrieving does not produce and mixes, and the rate of recovery is high, and the purity is high, and the resource utilization value reaches the maximize.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the prior art and the present invention, the drawings which are needed to be used in the description of the prior art and the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other drawings may be derived from the provided drawings by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.

The structures, proportions, sizes, and other dimensions shown in the specification are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims, and it is to be understood that all such modifications, changes in proportions, or alterations in size which do not affect the efficacy or objectives of the invention are not to be seen as within the scope of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an alternating stress separation and recovery device for pole piece materials according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the sorting mechanism of the electrode sheet of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1-conveyer belt tension roller; 2-a conveyor belt; 3-rolling the carrier roller group; 4-reticulate pattern rolling roller group; 5-flapping the guide seat; 6-beating the flat plate; 7-beating a pulling rod; 8-beating the vertical plate; 9-beating the carrier roller; 10-sheave reduction mechanism; 11-eccentric link mechanism; 12-eddy current sorting rollers; 13-pieces of electrode material; 14-a sorting isolator; 15-aluminum foil/copper foil; 16-first-stage magnetic separation driven roller; 17-first-stage magnetic separation flat belt; 18-first-stage magnetic separation high-strength magnetic roller; 19-first-stage magnetic separation distributor; 20-second-stage magnetic separation driven roller; 21-second-stage magnetic separation flat belt; 22-secondary entrainment drive roll; 23-two-stage Teflon entrainment; 24-a secondary entrainment follower roller; 25-two-stage magnetic separation high-strength magnetic roller; 26-a secondary magnetic separator; 27-three-stage magnetic separation high-strength magnetic roller; 28-three-stage magnetic separation brush rollers; 29-three-stage magnetic separation distributor; 30-nonmagnetic material recovery box; 31-weak magnetic material recovery box.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.

In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified. The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the above-described drawings (if any) are intended to distinguish between referenced items. For a scheme with a time sequence flow, the term expression does not need to be understood as describing a specific sequence or a sequence order, and for a scheme of a device structure, the term expression does not have distinction of importance degree, position relation and the like.

Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements specifically listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed that are inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus or that are added to a further optimization scheme based on the present inventive concept.

Referring to fig. 1, a method for separating and recycling alternating stress of a pole piece material includes the following steps:

s1: distributing the separated electrode slices onto a conveyor belt for conveying;

s2: conveying the electrode sheets to an alternating stress rolling mechanism by a conveying belt for rolling, and separating the electrode sheets into positive/negative electrode materials and aluminum foils/copper foils through rolling;

specifically, when the alternating stress rolling mechanism rolls the electrode sheet, the electrode sheet is rolled to form uniform concave-convex textures, and is repeatedly bent and flattened.

S3: conveying the mixture of the positive/negative electrode material and the aluminum foil/copper foil which are separated by rolling to a material beating and separating mechanism by a conveying belt for further beating and separating;

s4: the conveying belt conveys the mixture separated by beating to a material sorting mechanism for sorting and recycling.

Specifically, the material sorting mechanism is provided with an alternating magnetic field.

Referring to fig. 2, an electrode sheet (formed by coating positive/negative electrode materials on both sides of an aluminum foil) is distributed on a conveyor belt 2 on the side of a conveyor belt tensioning roller 1 in a single layer and moves forward, the electrode sheet firstly passes through an alternating stress rolling mechanism formed by the conveyor belt 2, a rolling carrier roller group 3 and a reticulate rolling roller group 4, under the action of alternating forces of a plurality of rolling rollers with different lines, different pressures and different positions, the electrode sheet is rolled to form uniform concave-convex textures, meanwhile, the electrode sheet moves along with the conveyor belt 2, the shape can generate repeated changes of bending, flattening, re-bending and re-flattening, strong stress alternation is generated on the bonding surfaces between the positive/negative electrode materials coated on both sides of the aluminum foil/copper foil and the aluminum foil/copper foil, and after the electrode sheet passes through the alternating stress rolling mechanism, dislocation desorption and a large amount of the positive/negative electrode coating materials and the aluminum foil/copper foil are generated and fall off, the materials enter a material beating and separating mechanism consisting of a beating guide seat 5, a beating flat plate 6, a beating pulling rod 7, a beating vertical plate 8, a beating carrier roller 9, a sheave speed reducing mechanism 10, an eccentric link mechanism 11 and a conveyer belt 2, electrode material fragments 13 and aluminum foil/copper foil 15 can undergo a high-frequency beating deformation process, under various acting forces, a small amount of electrode material fragments 13 attached to the aluminum foil/copper foil 15 due to factors such as static electricity are completely separated and dispersed on the conveyer belt 2 to continuously move forwards, when the materials pass through the material sorting mechanism consisting of the conveyer belt 2, an eddy current sorting roller 12 and a sorting isolator 14, due to the action of an alternating magnetic field of the eddy current sorting roller 12, induced eddy current and an eddy current magnetic field are instantly generated on the surface of the aluminum foil/copper foil 15 of the nonferrous materials and are mutually repelled by the magnetic field of the eddy current sorting roller 12, the aluminum foil/copper foil 15 bounces away from the conveying belt 2 under the action of electromagnetic force, at the moment, the separated electrode material fragments 13 do not generate electromagnetic induction and move along with the conveying belt 2 all the time, so that the aluminum foil/copper foil 15 is quickly popped out to be separated from the electrode material fragments 13, and then enters corresponding material recycling boxes respectively to complete the whole separation and recycling through the separation effect of the sorting isolator 14. The aluminum foil/copper foil 15 separated and recovered by the technical method and the device can keep a complete large-sheet state due to good toughness and ductility, the coated positive/negative electrode materials are ground into relatively small fragments, and the materials are not mixed after eddy current bounce separation, so that the recovery rate is high, the purity is high, and the resource utilization value is maximized. The method provided by the invention does not need to carry out violent deformation and movement such as integral crushing, high-speed collision and friction and the like on the positive plate, so that the energy consumption is greatly reduced, meanwhile, no dust and waste liquid are generated in the whole separation and recovery process, the process is green and environment-friendly, and the cost is low.

Referring to fig. 3, the electrode sheet is selected by the mechanism in fig. 3, and specifically, the battery cells are processed, dried, and dispersed into the following components in a quantity ratio of 1: 1, conveying the mixture of positive and negative pole pieces on a primary magnetic separation flat belt 17 in a single-layer uniform manner, wherein after the mixture of positive and negative pole pieces passes through a primary magnetic separation high-intensity magnetic roller 18, most of the magnetic positive pole pieces fall behind a primary magnetic separation distributor 19 and are collected by a weak magnetic material recovery box 31; the non-magnetic negative pole pieces and a small amount of non-selected positive pole pieces fall in front of a first-stage magnetic separation distributor 19 and are continuously conveyed on a second-stage magnetic separation flat belt 21, when the mixture approaches a second-stage magnetic separation high-strength magnetic roller 25, a second-stage Teflon clamp belt 23 and the second-stage magnetic separation flat belt 21 synchronously move, the non-selected mixture after the first-stage magnetic separation is brought into a double-layer clamp belt to move towards the second-stage magnetic separation high-strength magnetic roller 25, the mixture is tightly pressed on the second-stage magnetic separation flat belt 21 due to the clamping effect until the mixture passes through the upper cambered surface of the second-stage magnetic separation high-strength magnetic roller 25 and then is separated from the double-layer clamp belt, and the magnetic positive pole pieces continue to pass through the second-stage magnetic separation high-strength magnetic roller 25 under the magnetic force effect, freely fall behind the second-stage magnetic separation distributor 26 and are collected by a weak magnetic material recovery box 31; there is not magnetic negative pole piece and less positive pole piece that has not been selected fall into the place ahead of second grade magnetic separation tripper 26, directly fall on the surface of tertiary magnetic separation high-strength magnetic roller 27, there is magnetic positive pole piece by naked tertiary magnetic separation high-strength magnetic roller 27 surface adsorption and rotate along with tertiary magnetic separation high-strength magnetic roller 27, brushed down by reverse rotation's brush when arriving tertiary magnetic separation brush roller 28's position, fall into the rear of tertiary magnetic separation tripper 29, collect by weak magnetic material recovery case 31, the negative pole piece is because there is not magnetism directly to fall into the place ahead of tertiary magnetic separation tripper 29, it is all collected by nonmagnetic material recovery case 30.

All the technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined (as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features), and for brevity of description, all the possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described; these examples, which are not explicitly described, should be considered to be within the scope of the present description.

The present invention has been described in considerable detail by the general description and the specific examples given above. It should be noted that it is obvious that several variations and modifications can be made to these specific embodiments without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.