阅读说明：本技术 电池系统及其中的电池模块及电池控制电路 (Battery system, battery module and battery control circuit therein ) 是由 张炜旭 钟豪文 叶忠辉 蔡国振 于 2019-08-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种电池系统及其中的电池模块及电池控制电路,该电池模块适用于电池系统,电池模块于使能状态中,操作于底端模式、顶端模式或中间模式；电池模块包含电池单元以及电池控制电路。电池单元包括至少一电池,电池单元自电池单元的正端及负端之间输出电池单元电压。电池控制电路受电于电池单元电压,用以控制电池单元,电池控制电路包括使能端、上行输入端、上行输出端、下行输入端以及下行输出端,其中当使能端具有操作使能位准时,或者当上行输入端具有上行使能位准时,电池模块进入使能状态。(The invention relates to a battery system, a battery module and a battery control circuit, wherein the battery module is suitable for the battery system and operates in a bottom mode, a top mode or a middle mode in an enabling state; the battery module includes a battery cell and a battery control circuit. The battery unit comprises at least one battery, and the battery unit outputs battery unit voltage between the positive end and the negative end of the battery unit. The battery control circuit is used for controlling the battery unit by receiving the voltage of the battery unit and comprises an enabling end, an uplink input end, an uplink output end, a downlink input end and a downlink output end, wherein when the enabling end has an operation enabling level or when the uplink input end has an uplink enabling level, the battery module enters an enabling state.)

1. A battery module is suitable for a battery system, and the battery module is operated in a bottom mode or a top mode in an enabled state; the battery module includes:

a battery unit including at least one battery, wherein the battery unit outputs a battery unit voltage from between a positive terminal and a negative terminal of the battery unit; and

the battery control circuit comprises an enabling end, an uplink input end, an uplink output end, a downlink input end and a downlink output end, wherein when the enabling end has an operation enabling level or when the uplink input end has an uplink enabling level, the battery module enters the enabling state.

2. The battery module of claim 1, wherein the battery module enters a mode determination step in the enabled state, wherein in the mode determination step:

when the enabling end has the operation enabling level and the uplink input end has an uplink forbidden level, the battery module is judged to be operated in the bottom end mode; or

When the enable terminal has the operation disable level, the uplink input terminal has the uplink enable level, and the downlink input terminal has a downlink enable level, it is determined that the battery module is operated in the top mode.

3. The battery module of claim 2, wherein the battery module further operates in an intermediate mode in the enabled state, wherein in the mode determining step:

when the enabling terminal has an operation disable level, the uplink input terminal has the uplink enable level, and the downlink input terminal has a downlink disable level, it is determined that the battery module is operated in the middle mode.

4. The battery module of claim 3, wherein after the mode determining step, the battery control circuit performs a daisy-chain up step and a daisy-chain down step;

wherein in the daisy chain uplink step, the uplink output terminal outputs the uplink enable level when the battery module operates in the bottom mode or the middle mode;

after the daisy chain uplink step, the battery control circuit performs the daisy chain downlink step;

wherein in the daisy chain down step:

when the battery module operates in the top mode, the downlink output terminal outputs the downlink enable level; or

When the battery module is operated in the middle mode and the downlink input end has the downlink enable level, the downlink output end outputs the downlink enable level.

5. The battery module of claim 2, wherein the battery module further operates in a standalone mode in the enabled state, wherein in the mode determining step:

when the enable terminal is the enable level and the uplink input terminal has the uplink enable level, the battery module is judged to be operated in the independent storage mode.

6. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein the battery unit has a plurality of batteries connected in series with each other, and the battery control circuit performs voltage balance control on each of the batteries in the battery unit such that each of the batteries in the battery unit is voltage balanced.

7. The battery module of claim 3, wherein the battery unit has a plurality of batteries connected in series, the battery control circuit monitors the voltage of each of the batteries in the battery unit, the battery control circuit generates a protection signal when at least one of the batteries in the battery unit is above an upper voltage limit or below a lower voltage limit;

the battery control circuit transmits the protection signal to a battery module with the bottom mode via the downlink input terminal and the downlink output terminal to turn off an electrical connection path between the battery system and the outside thereof, or

The battery control circuit transmits the protection signal to a battery module having the top mode through the uplink input terminal and the uplink output terminal to turn off an electrical connection path between the battery system and the outside thereof.

8. A battery system comprising a plurality of battery modules according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of battery modules are respectively arranged as a bottom battery module, a top battery module, and at least one middle battery module;

wherein the bottom battery module, the at least one middle battery module, and the top battery module are sequentially coupled to one another in a daisy chain topology;

in the bottom battery module and the at least one middle battery module, each uplink output end in each battery control circuit is respectively coupled to the uplink input end in the battery control circuit adjacent to the uplink direction;

wherein, in the top battery module and the at least one middle battery module, each downlink output end in each battery control circuit is respectively coupled with the downlink input end in the battery control circuit adjacent to the downlink direction;

wherein each battery unit of the plurality of battery modules are sequentially connected in series to output a battery system voltage between a battery output positive terminal and a battery output negative terminal of the battery system;

the battery control circuit of the bottom battery module corresponds to a bottom battery control circuit, the enabling end of the bottom battery control circuit receives a daisy chain starting signal from a main control circuit, and when the daisy chain starting signal is converted into the operation enabling level, a daisy chain enabling program is started; the uplink input terminal of the bottom battery control circuit is coupled to a reference potential having the uplink disable level;

after each battery module in the battery system respectively completes the mode judging step, the ascending step and the descending step, the bottom battery control circuit informs the main control circuit to complete the daisy chain enabling program.

9. The battery system of claim 8, wherein the respective battery unit of each battery module in the battery system has a plurality of batteries connected in series, wherein the respective battery control circuit performs voltage balance control on the respective batteries in the corresponding battery unit so that the respective batteries in the battery unit reach voltage balance.

10. The battery system of claim 8, wherein the respective battery unit of each battery module in the battery system has a plurality of batteries connected in series, wherein the respective battery control circuit performs voltage balance control on the respective batteries in the corresponding battery unit, so that the respective batteries in the battery unit are voltage balanced, and so that the respective batteries in the plurality of battery modules are voltage balanced.

11. The battery system of claim 8, wherein the respective battery cell of each battery module in the battery system has a plurality of batteries connected in series, wherein each battery control circuit monitors the voltage of each battery in the corresponding battery cell, and generates a protection signal when at least one battery in each battery in the battery cell is higher than an upper voltage limit or lower than a lower voltage limit;

the battery control circuit transmits the protection signal to a battery module with the bottom mode via the downlink input terminal and the downlink output terminal to turn off an electrical connection path between the battery system and the outside thereof, or

The battery control circuit transmits the protection signal to a battery module having the top mode through the uplink input terminal and the uplink output terminal to turn off an electrical connection path between the battery system and the outside thereof.

12. A battery system comprising a plurality of battery modules according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of battery modules are respectively arranged as a bottom battery module and a top battery module; wherein the battery control circuit of the top battery module corresponds to a top battery control circuit and the battery control circuit of the bottom battery module corresponds to a bottom battery control circuit;

wherein the bottom cell module and the top cell module are coupled to each other in a daisy chain topology;

wherein the upstream output terminal of the bottom battery control circuit is coupled to the upstream input terminal of the top battery control circuit; the downlink output end of the top battery control circuit is coupled to the downlink input end of the bottom battery control circuit;

wherein the battery cells of the plurality of battery modules are connected in series to output a battery system voltage between a battery output positive terminal and a battery output negative terminal of the battery system;

wherein the enabling terminal of the bottom battery control circuit receives a daisy chain starting signal from a main control circuit, and when the daisy chain starting signal is converted into the operation enabling level, a daisy chain enabling procedure is started; the uplink input terminal of the bottom battery control circuit is coupled to a reference potential having the uplink disable level;

after each battery module in the battery system respectively completes the mode judging step, the ascending step and the descending step, the bottom battery control circuit informs the main control circuit to complete the daisy chain enabling program.

13. A battery control circuit is suitable for a battery module, and the battery module operates in a bottom mode or a top mode in an enabling state; the battery module package comprises a battery unit, the battery unit comprises at least one battery, and the battery unit outputs a battery unit voltage between the positive end and the negative end of the battery unit; wherein the battery control circuit is characterized in that:

the battery control circuit is used for detecting the voltage of the battery unit and/or controlling the battery unit when receiving the voltage of the battery unit; and

the battery control circuit comprises an enabling end, an uplink input end, an uplink output end, a downlink input end and a downlink output end, wherein when the enabling end has an operation enabling level or when the uplink input end has an uplink enabling level, the battery module enters the enabling state.

14. The battery control circuit of claim 13, wherein the battery module enters a mode determination step in the enabled state, wherein in the mode determination step:

when the enabling end has the operation enabling level, the uplink input end has an uplink forbidding level and the downlink input end has a downlink forbidding level, the battery control circuit judges that the battery module is operated in the bottom end mode; or

When the enable terminal has the operation disable level, the uplink input terminal has the uplink enable level, and the downlink input terminal has a downlink enable level, it is determined that the battery module is operated in the top mode.

15. The battery control circuit of claim 14, wherein the battery module further operates in an intermediate mode in the enabled state, wherein in the mode determining step:

when the enabling terminal has an operation disable level, the uplink input terminal has the uplink enable level, and the downlink input terminal has a downlink disable level, it is determined that the battery module is operated in the middle mode.

16. The battery control circuit according to claim 15, wherein after the mode determining step, the battery control circuit performs a daisy-chaining up step and a daisy-chaining down step;

wherein in the daisy chain uplink step, the uplink output terminal outputs the uplink enable level when the battery module operates in the bottom mode or the middle mode;

after the daisy chain uplink step, the battery control circuit performs the daisy chain downlink step;

wherein in the daisy chain down step:

when the battery module operates in the top mode, the downlink output terminal outputs the downlink enable level;

when the battery module is operated in the middle mode and the downlink input end has the downlink enable level, the downlink output end outputs the downlink enable level.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a battery system, and more particularly, to a battery system with a daisy chain topology. The invention also relates to a battery module and a battery control circuit used in the battery system.

Background

The prior art related to this application is: U.S. patent application No. US8010724, I2C/SMBUS Ladders and laddered Enabled ICs, U.S. patent application No. US 2011/0289239A 1, Device Address assignment a Bus cassette System, and U.S. patent application No. US 2019/0006723A 1, Multi-Channel and Bi-directional Battery management System.

In a high-power battery system (for example, but not limited to, in high-power applications such as electric vehicles), a large number of battery modules are arranged in the battery system, and in the battery system, the battery modules are generally connected in series to increase the system output voltage of the battery system, thereby reducing the current and the wire diameter of a power supply line.

FIG. 1 shows a conventional prior art battery system (battery system 1) with a daisy chain topology, wherein the battery system 1 comprises battery modules (battery modules 10[1] to 10[ n ]) connected in series in the daisy chain topology, each battery module comprises a corresponding battery cell (12[1] to 12[ n ]) and a battery control circuit (11[1] to 11[ n ]). The battery control circuit is used to control the corresponding battery units, such as over-voltage protection during charging and under-voltage protection during discharging, and in the configuration of a battery unit with a plurality of batteries, the battery control circuit is used to control the voltage balance among the batteries. In addition, the battery control circuit also provides communication functionality between battery modules coupled in a daisy chain topology. Under the configuration of the daisy chain topology, the battery module can operate in different identification modes, such as a top mode (e.g., the battery module 10[ n ] in FIG. 1), a middle mode (e.g., the battery modules 10[2] to 10[ n-1] in FIG. 1), or a bottom mode (e.g., the battery module 10[1] in FIG. 1).

Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a conventional battery module with daisy chain topology, wherein the enable or disable of the battery module is set by an enable terminal EN of the battery control circuit 11, specifically, the low quiescent current power supply 111 converts a voltage VBM [ i ] provided by a battery unit 12[ i ] (where i is 1-n) to generate a first power, the internal power supply 112 converts a voltage VBM [ i ] provided by the battery unit 12[ i ] only in an enable state (when EN is at an enable level) to generate a second power, wherein a first power supply provides power required by the internal circuits of the battery module 10 in the disabled state (also referred to as the shipping state), a second power supply provides power required by other internal circuits of the battery module 10 in the enabled state, the low quiescent current power supply 111 has a very low quiescent current, it is possible to maintain the charge for a long time without much deterioration in the battery module 10 in the prohibition state.

One of the disadvantages of the prior art shown in fig. 1 and 2 is that the identification modes corresponding to the modules need to be set for the battery control circuits one by one, and the setting process is time-consuming and costly. In addition, another disadvantage is that the enable or disable of each battery module is set by the enable terminal EN of the battery control circuit, but since each battery module receives the voltage (VBM 1-VBM n) provided by the corresponding battery unit, the absolute values of the logic high and low levels of each battery module are not the same, and therefore, the enable signal EN 1 provided by the main control circuit 20 needs to be converted into the enable signals EN 2-EN that can control the other battery modules through an isolated signal conversion element (such as a transformer) or a signal shift circuit, and the manufacturing cost of the battery system 1 is increased.

Compared with the prior art shown in fig. 1, the present invention can enable and disable each battery module in a daisy chain topology communication manner without requiring an additional isolation signal conversion device or a signal shifting circuit. In addition, the invention can judge the identification mode of each battery module through the communication mode of the daisy chain topology without setting one by one.

Disclosure of Invention

In one aspect, the present invention provides a battery module for a battery system, the battery module operating in a bottom mode or a top mode in an enabled state; the battery module includes: a battery unit including at least one battery, wherein the battery unit outputs a battery unit voltage from between a positive terminal and a negative terminal of the battery unit; and a battery control circuit, which is used for controlling the battery unit by receiving the voltage of the battery unit and comprises an enabling end, an uplink input end, an uplink output end, a downlink input end and a downlink output end, wherein when the enabling end has an operation enabling level or when the uplink input end has an uplink enabling level, the battery module enters the enabling state.

In a preferred embodiment, the battery module enters a mode determination step in the enabled state, wherein in the mode determination step: when the enabling end has the operation enabling level and the uplink input end has an uplink forbidden level, the battery module is judged to be operated in the bottom end mode; or when the enable terminal has the operation disable level, the uplink input terminal has the uplink enable level, and the downlink input terminal has a downlink enable level, determining that the battery module is operated in the top mode.

In a preferred embodiment, the battery module further operates in an intermediate mode in the enabled state, wherein in the mode determining step: when the enabling terminal has an operation disable level, the uplink input terminal has the uplink enable level, and the downlink input terminal has a downlink disable level, it is determined that the battery module is operated in the middle mode.

In a preferred embodiment, after the mode determining step, the battery control circuit performs a daisy chain uplink step and a daisy chain downlink step; wherein in the daisy chain uplink step, the uplink output terminal outputs the uplink enable level when the battery module operates in the bottom mode or the middle mode; after the daisy chain uplink step, the battery control circuit performs the daisy chain downlink step; wherein in the daisy chain down step: when the battery module operates in the top mode, the downlink output terminal outputs the downlink enable level; or when the battery module is operated in the middle mode and the downlink input end has the downlink enable level, the downlink output end outputs the downlink enable level.

In a preferred embodiment, the battery module further operates in a standalone mode in the enabled state, wherein in the mode determining step: when the enable terminal is the enable level and the uplink input terminal has the uplink enable level, the battery module is judged to be operated in the independent storage mode.

In a preferred embodiment, the battery unit has a plurality of batteries connected in series, and the battery control circuit performs voltage balance control on each battery in the battery unit so that each battery in the battery unit is voltage balanced.

In a preferred embodiment, the battery unit has a plurality of batteries connected in series, the battery control circuit monitors the voltage of each battery in the battery unit, and the battery control circuit generates a protection signal when at least one battery in each battery in the battery unit is higher than an upper voltage limit or lower than a lower voltage limit; the battery control circuit transmits the protection signal to a battery module with the bottom mode through the downlink input end and the downlink output end so as to turn off an electric connection path between the battery system and the outside of the battery system, or the battery control circuit transmits the protection signal to a battery module with the top mode through the uplink input end and the uplink output end so as to turn off the electric connection path between the battery system and the outside of the battery system.

From another perspective, the present invention also provides a battery system comprising a plurality of battery modules as described above, wherein the plurality of battery modules are respectively arranged as a bottom battery module, a top battery module, and at least one middle battery module; wherein the bottom battery module, the at least one middle battery module, and the top battery module are sequentially coupled to one another in a daisy chain topology; in the bottom battery module and the at least one middle battery module, each uplink output end in each battery control circuit is respectively coupled to the uplink input end in the battery control circuit adjacent to the uplink direction; wherein, in the top battery module and the at least one middle battery module, each downlink output end in each battery control circuit is respectively coupled with the downlink input end in the battery control circuit adjacent to the downlink direction; wherein each battery unit of the plurality of battery modules are sequentially connected in series to output a battery system voltage between a battery output positive terminal and a battery output negative terminal of the battery system; the battery control circuit of the bottom battery module corresponds to a bottom battery control circuit, the enabling end of the bottom battery control circuit receives a daisy chain starting signal from a main control circuit, and when the daisy chain starting signal is converted into the operation enabling level, a daisy chain enabling program is started; the uplink input terminal of the bottom battery control circuit is coupled to a reference potential having the uplink disable level; after each battery module in the battery system respectively completes the mode judging step, the ascending step and the descending step, the bottom battery control circuit informs the main control circuit to complete the daisy chain enabling program.

From another perspective, the present invention also provides a battery system comprising a plurality of battery modules as described above, wherein the plurality of battery modules are respectively arranged as a bottom battery module and a top battery module; wherein the battery control circuit of the top battery module corresponds to a top battery control circuit and the battery control circuit of the bottom battery module corresponds to a bottom battery control circuit; wherein the bottom cell module and the top cell module are coupled to each other in a daisy chain topology; wherein the upstream output terminal of the bottom battery control circuit is coupled to the upstream input terminal of the top battery control circuit; the downlink output end of the top battery control circuit is coupled to the downlink input end of the bottom battery control circuit; wherein the battery cells of the plurality of battery modules are connected in series to output a battery system voltage between a battery output positive terminal and a battery output negative terminal of the battery system; wherein the enabling terminal of the bottom battery control circuit receives a daisy chain starting signal from a main control circuit, and when the daisy chain starting signal is converted into the operation enabling level, a daisy chain enabling procedure is started; the uplink input terminal of the bottom battery control circuit is coupled to a reference potential having the uplink disable level; after each battery module in the battery system respectively completes the mode judging step, the ascending step and the descending step, the bottom battery control circuit informs the main control circuit to complete the daisy chain enabling program.

From another perspective, the present invention also provides a battery control circuit for a battery module, the battery module operating in a bottom mode or a top mode in an enabled state; the battery module package comprises a battery unit, the battery unit comprises at least one battery, and the battery unit outputs a battery unit voltage between the positive end and the negative end of the battery unit; wherein the battery control circuit is characterized in that: the battery control circuit is used for detecting the voltage of the battery unit and/or controlling the battery unit when receiving the voltage of the battery unit; and the battery control circuit comprises an enabling end, an uplink input end, an uplink output end, a downlink input end and a downlink output end, wherein when the enabling end has an operation enabling level or when the uplink input end has an uplink enabling level, the battery module enters the enabling state.

The purpose, technical content, features and effects of the invention will be more easily understood through the following detailed description of specific embodiments.

Drawings

Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a prior art battery system having a daisy chain topology.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a prior art battery module having a daisy chain topology.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the battery system of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a battery module in the battery system of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a waveform diagram illustrating a daisy chain enabling procedure in the battery system according to the present invention.

Fig. 6A shows a flowchart of the daisy chain enabling procedure in the battery system of the present invention.

Fig. 6B to 6E are detailed flowcharts corresponding to fig. 6A.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of the battery system of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of the battery system of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of the battery system of the present invention.

Description of the symbols in the drawings

1,1000 to 1003 battery system

10[1] to 10[ n ],10 cell module

100,100[1] to 100[ n ] cell module

11[1] -11 [ n ] battery control circuit

110,110[1] to 110[ n ] battery control circuit

111 low static current power supply

112 internal power supply

12[1] to 12[ n ] battery cell

120[1] to 120[ n ] cell unit

200 master control circuit

bB2T upstream input

bT2B downstream output end

CST, CSB control signals

GND power supply negative terminal

GND [1] to GND [ n ] ground potential

E1-E12 events

EN enable terminal

EN [1] -EN [ n ] enable signals

Output positive terminal of PCK + battery

Output negative terminal of PCK-battery

S0-S5

S21-S28

Step S31

S41-S42

SB, ST switch

tB2T upstream output terminal

Td 1-Td 7 delay time

tT2B downstream input terminal

VBM [ i ] voltage

VBM [1] to VBM [ n ] voltages

VDD power supply positive terminal

VH [ n ] enable level

VL 1 inhibit level

VPCK battery system voltage

Detailed Description

The drawings in the present disclosure are schematic and are intended to show the coupling relationship between circuits and the relationship between signal waveforms, and the circuits, signal waveforms and frequencies are not drawn to scale.

Referring to FIG. 3, FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a battery system (battery system 1000) according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3, in one embodiment, the battery system 1000 includes a plurality of battery modules 100[1] to 100[ n ], wherein the battery modules 100[1] to 100[ n ] are respectively arranged as a bottom battery module 100[1], a top battery module 100[ n ], and at least one middle battery module 100[2] to 100[ n-1 ].

From one perspective, the battery modules 100[1] to 100[ n ] are identical battery modules in hardware configuration, and the battery modules are operable in a bottom mode (e.g., corresponding to the bottom battery module 100[1]), a top mode (e.g., corresponding to the top battery module 100[ n ]), or an intermediate mode (e.g., corresponding to the intermediate battery module 100[2] to 100[ n-1]) in an enabled state.

With continued reference to FIG. 3, the battery modules (100[1] to 100[ n ]) each include a battery cell (corresponding to 120[1] to 120[ n ]) and a battery control circuit (corresponding to 110[1] to 110[ n ]). In one embodiment, the battery cells include a plurality of batteries connected in series, wherein the battery cells 120[1] 120[ n ] output battery cell voltages VBM [1] VBM [ n ] between a positive terminal (coupled to the power source positive terminal VDD) and a negative terminal (coupled to the power source positive terminal VDD), respectively. It should be noted that in some embodiments, the battery unit may include only one battery.

With reference to fig. 3, the battery control circuits 110[1] to 110[ n ] are respectively coupled to the battery cell voltages VBM [1] to VBM [ n ] through the respective power positive terminal VDD and power negative terminal GND for detecting the voltages of the battery cells and/or controlling the corresponding battery cells 120[1] to 120[ n ], for example, the battery control circuits are used to provide over-voltage protection for the battery cells during charging and over-voltage protection during discharging, and the battery control circuits can also be used to control the voltage balance among the batteries in the configuration of the battery cells with a plurality of batteries. In addition, the battery control circuit also provides communication functionality between battery modules coupled in a daisy chain topology.

In a specific embodiment, the battery control circuits 110[1] to 110[ n ] respectively perform voltage balance control on each battery in the battery units 120[1] to 120[ n ] so that each battery in the battery units 120[1] to 120[ n ] achieves voltage balance, in other words, each battery in a certain battery unit (for example, the battery unit 120[1]) achieves voltage balance, and the "voltage balance" means that the voltages of the batteries are controlled to be substantially equal in the charging or discharging process. Further, in one embodiment, voltage balancing is achieved by each cell within the cell (e.g., cell 120[1]), and thus, voltage balancing between each cell voltage VBM [1] -VBM [ n ] between cells (e.g., cells 120[1] -120 [ n ]).

With reference to fig. 3, each battery control circuit includes an enable terminal EN, an uplink input terminal bB2T, an uplink output terminal tB2T, a downlink input terminal tT2B, and a downlink output terminal bT2B according to the present invention.

With continued reference to fig. 3, in one embodiment, the bottom battery module 100[1], the at least one middle battery module 100[2] to 100[ n-1], and the top battery module 100[ n ] are sequentially coupled to each other in a daisy chain topology. In the bottom battery module 100[1] and the middle battery modules 100[2] to 100[ n-1], the uplink output terminals tB2T of the battery control circuits 110[1] to 110[ n-1] are respectively coupled to the uplink input terminals bB2T of the battery control circuits adjacent in the uplink direction (the direction indicated by the solid line arrow).

With continued reference to fig. 3, in the top battery module 100[ n ] and the at least one middle battery module 100[2] to 100[ n-1], each downlink output bT2B of each battery control circuit 110[2] to 110[ n ] is coupled to the downlink input tT2B of the battery control circuit adjacent in the downlink direction (as indicated by the dashed arrow).

The battery cells 120[1] -120 [ n ] of the battery modules 100[1] -100 [ n ] are sequentially connected in series with each other to output a battery system voltage VPCK between a battery output positive terminal PCK + and a battery output negative terminal PCK-of the battery system 1000.

For convenience of description, in this specification, the battery control circuit 110[1] of the bottom battery module 100[1] may correspond to a "bottom battery control circuit", and the enable terminal EN of the bottom battery control circuit 110[1] receives the daisy chain start signal DCS from the master control circuit 200, wherein when the daisy chain start signal DCS is converted to the operation enable level, the daisy chain enable procedure is started; the upstream input bB2T of the bottom battery control circuit 110[1] is coupled to a reference potential (VL [1]) having an upstream disable level. Details of the daisy chain enabled program are described later.

Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery module (battery module 100) according to an embodiment of the battery system of the present invention. In this embodiment, when the enable terminal EN has the operation enable level, or when the uplink input terminal bB2T has the uplink enable level, the corresponding battery module enters the enable state, and then the mode determination step is performed. Specifically, the low quiescent current power supply 111 converts the voltage VBM [ i ] provided by the battery cell 120[ i ] (where i is 1 to n) to generate the first power, the internal power supply 112 converts the voltage VBM [ i ] provided by the battery cell 120[ i ] to generate the second power only in the enabled state (when the enable terminal EN has the operation enable level or when the upstream input terminal bB2T has the upstream enable level), wherein a first power supply provides power for internal circuits when the battery module 100 is in the disabled state (also referred to as the shipping state), a second power supply provides power for other internal circuits when the battery module 100 is in the enabled state, the low quiescent current power supply 111 has very low quiescent current, therefore, the capacity of the battery cell 120 i can be maintained for a long time without much loss when the battery module 100 is in the disabled state.

It should be noted that, according to the present invention, in addition to controlling the enabling or disabling of the battery module 100 through the enabling terminal EN, the enabling or disabling of the battery module may be controlled through the upstream input terminal bB2T, in other words, the present invention may control the enabling or disabling of the battery module through a communication manner of daisy chain topology, details of which will be described later. It should be noted that in the embodiment of fig. 3, the enable terminals EN of the battery control circuits 110[2] to 110[ n ] are respectively coupled to the ground potentials GND [2] to GND [ n ] (corresponding to the operation disable levels) of the corresponding battery cells 120[2] to 120[ n ], in other words, in the embodiment, the battery control circuits 110[2] to 110[ n ] do not control the enabling or disabling via the respective enable terminals EN, and specifically, the battery control circuits 110[2] to 110[ n ] control the enabling or disabling of the battery modules via the respective uplink input terminals bB 2T. GND [1] is the ground potential of the battery cell 120[1 ].

On the other hand, when the enable terminal EN has the operation disable level and when the uplink input terminal bB2T also has the uplink disable level, the battery module is controlled to be in the disable state, which may also be referred to as a shipping state, that is, when the battery module is assembled and power is not required to be supplied to the load, for example, during shipping, the battery module can reduce power consumption of the module by being controlled to be in the disable state, can prolong the storage time, and can prevent damage to the battery in the battery module due to over-discharge, for example.

It should be noted that the "operation enable level" may be, for example, a high logic level (i.e., "1"), and the "operation disable level" may be, for example, a low logic level (i.e., "0"), but is not limited thereto. Similarly, the "uplink enable level" may be, for example, a high logic level, and the "uplink disable level" may be, for example, a low logic level, but is not limited thereto.

Referring to fig. 5 and fig. 6A together, fig. 5 is a waveform diagram illustrating a daisy chain enabling procedure in the battery system according to the present invention. Fig. 6A shows a flowchart of the daisy chain enabling procedure in the battery system of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6A, the main control circuit 200 sends a daisy chain start signal DCS to the enable terminal EN of the bottom battery control circuit 110[1] to start the daisy chain enabling procedure (corresponding to event E1 of fig. 5 and S0 of fig. 6A). As shown in fig. 6A, the process proceeds to an enable state determination step S1, and if the enable state is determined, the process proceeds to a mode determination step S2, otherwise, the disabled state is determined and whether the enable state is enabled is continuously determined. Next, in a mode determination step S2, it is determined in which mode the battery module is. Then, the process proceeds to the ascending step S3, and in the ascending step S3, each battery module correspondingly executes the corresponding steps according to the mode in which it is located, which will be described in detail later. Then, the process proceeds to the descending step S4, and in the descending step S4, each battery module correspondingly executes the corresponding steps according to the mode, which will be described in detail later. The daisy chain enabling procedure ends in step S5.

Referring to fig. 6B to 6E, fig. 6B to 6E are detailed flowcharts corresponding to fig. 6A. As shown in fig. 6B, in the enabling state determining step S1, each battery control circuit determines whether the corresponding battery module enters the enabling state according to whether the enable terminal EN has the operation enabling level (step S11), when the enable terminal EN has the operation enabling level, and further determines whether the uplink input terminal bB2T has the uplink enabling level if the enable terminal EN has the operation disabling level (step S12), and when the uplink input terminal bB2T has the uplink enabling level, determines that the corresponding battery module enters the enabling state.

Referring to fig. 5 and fig. 6C, the battery system 1000 enters the mode determination step S2 in the enabled state to perform the following mode determinations:

(1) when the enable terminal EN has the operation enable level (step S21) and the up input terminal bB2T has the up disable level (step S22), it is determined that the battery module is operated in the bottom mode (step S23). Specifically, for example, referring to the waveforms of the battery module 100[1] in fig. 3 and the bottom mode in fig. 5, the uplink input end bB2T of the battery control circuit 110[1] has an uplink disable level (i.e., VL [1]), and the battery module 100[1] is determined to operate in the bottom mode.

(2) When the enable terminal EN has the operation disable level, the up input terminal bB2T has the up enable level (step S24), and the down input terminal tT2B has the down disable level (step S25), it is determined that the battery module is operated in the middle mode (step S27). Specifically, for example, referring to the waveforms of the battery module 100[2] in fig. 3 and the middle mode in fig. 5, the uplink input bB2T of the battery control circuit 110[2] has an enable level (e.g., event E4, the battery control circuit 110[2] is actually enabled through its uplink input bB 2T), and the downlink input tT2B has a downlink disable level (e.g., event E5, when other battery modules in the uplink direction are not yet enabled), at which time the battery module 100[2] is determined to operate in the middle mode.

Or, (3) when the enable terminal EN has the operation disable level, the up input terminal bB2T has the up enable level (step S24), and the down input terminal tT2B has the down enable level (step S25), it is determined that the battery module is operated in the top mode (step S26). Specifically, for example, referring to the battery module 100[ n ] in fig. 3 and the waveform of the top mode in fig. 5, the uplink input end bB2T of the battery control circuit 110[ n ] has an enable level (e.g., event E7, the battery control circuit 110[ n ] is actually enabled through its uplink input end bB 2T), and the downlink input end tT2B has a downlink enable level, as shown in event E8, according to the present invention, in one embodiment, the battery control circuit 110[ n ] configured in the top mode has its downlink input end tT2B set to the downlink enable level (e.g., corresponding to VH [ n ] in the figure), at which time the battery module 100[ n ] is determined to operate in the top mode.

It should be noted that, in an embodiment, the mode determination is performed after a time delay after the battery module is determined to be enabled, specifically, for example, in the embodiment of fig. 5, the mode determination is performed after a time delay Td1 (event E2) after the bottom battery module is enabled (event E1), or, for example, the mode determination is performed after time delays Td3 and Td5 (events E5 and E8) after the middle battery module and the top battery module are enabled (events E4 and E7), respectively.

Similarly, the "downlink enable level" may be, for example, a high logic level, and the "downlink disable level" may be, for example, a low logic level, but is not limited thereto. It should be noted that, in the embodiment shown in fig. 5, the operation waveform of only one battery module operating in the intermediate mode is included, but the invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can generalize to a plurality of battery modules operating in the intermediate mode according to the teachings of the invention.

With reference to fig. 3, fig. 5 and fig. 6D, after the mode determining step, the battery control circuit then performs a daisy chain uplink step; in the daisy chain uplink step, when the battery module operates in the bottom mode or the middle mode, the uplink output terminal tB2T outputs an uplink enable level (step S31).

Specifically, for example, referring to the battery module 100[1] in fig. 3 and the waveforms of the bottom mode in fig. 5, when the battery module operates in the bottom mode, the uplink output end tB2T of the battery module 100[1] outputs the uplink enable level in the daisy-chain uplink step (event E3). On the other hand, referring to the battery module 100[2] in fig. 3 and the waveforms in the middle mode in fig. 5, when the battery module operates in the middle mode, the uplink output terminal tB2T of the battery module 100[2] outputs the uplink enable level in the daisy-chaining uplink step (event E6).

It should be noted that, in an embodiment, after the mode determining step, the daisy chain ascending step is performed after a time delay, specifically, for example, in the embodiment of fig. 5, after the battery module determines as the bottom mode (event E2) or the middle mode (event E5), the time delays Td2 and Td4 are respectively performed, and then the ascending output end tB2T of the corresponding battery module outputs the ascending enable level (events E3 and E6).

With continued reference to FIG. 3, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6E, after the daisy chain uplink step, the battery control circuits (110[1] to 110[ n ]) perform the daisy chain downlink step.

In the daisy-chain downlink step, when the battery module operates in the top mode, the downlink output bT2B outputs the downlink enable level (step S41); on the other hand, in the daisy-chain downlink step, when the battery module operates in the intermediate mode and the downlink input terminal tT2B has the downlink enable level, the downlink output terminal bT2B outputs the downlink enable level (step S42).

Specifically, for example, referring to the battery module 100[ n ] in fig. 3 and the waveforms of the top mode in fig. 5, when the battery module operates in the top mode (corresponding to the battery module 100[ n ]), in the daisy-chain descending step, the descending output bT2B of the battery module 100[ n ] outputs the descending enable level (event E9).

On the other hand, referring to the waveforms of the battery module 100[2] in fig. 3 and the middle mode in fig. 5, when the battery module operates in the middle mode (e.g., corresponding to the battery module 100[2]), in the daisy-chain downlink step, when the downlink input terminal tT2B of the battery module 100[2] is converted to the downlink enable level (event E10), the downlink output terminal bT2B of the battery module 100[2] outputs the downlink enable level (event E11). On the other hand, referring to the battery module 100[1] in fig. 3 and the waveforms of the bottom mode in fig. 5, in an embodiment, when the battery module operates in the bottom mode (corresponding to the battery module 100[1]), in the daisy-chain descending step, when the descending input terminal tT2B of the battery module 100[1] is shifted to the descending enable level (event E12), it is determined to end the daisy-chain enabling procedure.

In one embodiment, after each battery module (100[1] to 100[ n ]) in the battery system 1000 completes the mode determination step, the uplink step and the downlink step, the bottom battery control circuit 110[1] may notify the main control circuit 200 that the daisy chain enabling procedure is completed through a communication port, such as, but not limited to, I2C or SPI.

Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram (battery system 1001) illustrating an embodiment of the battery system according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 7, in an embodiment, the battery system 1001 includes a single battery module 100[1], it should be noted that this embodiment can be regarded as a specific example in the aforementioned embodiment of fig. 3, where n is 1, and in this embodiment, the battery module 100[1] can operate in a stand-alone mode in an enabled state. Specifically, in the enabled state, the battery module 100[1] enters the mode determination step, as shown in fig. 7, in the mode determination step, when the enable terminal EN of the battery control circuit 110[1] is at the enable level and the uplink input terminal bB2T has the uplink enable level (VH [1], S22), it is determined that the battery module 100[1] is operating in the exclusive mode (step S28).

Then, when the battery module 100[1] is determined to operate in the standalone mode, in one embodiment, the battery control circuit 110[1] can notify the main control circuit 200 that the daisy chain enabling procedure is completed through a communication port such as, but not limited to, I2C or SPI.

Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 shows a schematic diagram (a battery system 1002) of an embodiment of a battery system according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 8, in an embodiment, the battery system 1002 includes battery modules 100[1] to 100[ n ], and it should be noted that this embodiment can be regarded as a specific example in the embodiment of fig. 3, where n is 2, so that this embodiment only includes a bottom battery module 100[1] and a top battery module 100[ n ], in other words, the battery system 1002 has no battery module with an intermediate mode. Wherein the battery control circuit 110[ n ] of the top battery module 100[ n ] corresponds to the top battery control circuit and the battery control circuit 110[1] of the bottom battery module 100[1] corresponds to the bottom battery control circuit.

In this embodiment, the bottom cell module 100[1] and the top cell module 100[ n ] are coupled to each other in a daisy chain topology. The upstream output tB2T of the bottom battery control circuit 110[1] is coupled to the upstream input bB2T of the top battery control circuit 110[ n ]; the downstream output bT2B of the top cell control circuit 110[ n ] is coupled to the downstream input tT2B of the bottom cell control circuit 110[1 ].

The battery cells 120[1] 120[ n ] of the battery modules 100[1] 100[ n ] are connected in series to output a battery system voltage VPCK between a battery output positive terminal PCK + and a battery output negative terminal PCK-of the battery system 1002.

Wherein, the enabling end EN of the bottom battery control circuit 110[1] receives the daisy chain starting signal DCS from the main control circuit 200, wherein, when the daisy chain starting signal DCS is converted into the operation enabling level, the daisy chain enabling procedure is started; the upstream input bB2T of the bottom battery control circuit 110[1] is coupled to a reference potential (VL [1]) having an upstream disable level.

The mode determining step, the ascending step and the descending step in this embodiment may refer to the operation modes of the top battery module and the bottom battery module in the foregoing other embodiments, which are not described herein again.

Referring to fig. 9, fig. 9 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a battery system (battery system 1003) according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 9, in an embodiment, the battery system 1003 further includes a top switch ST and a bottom switch SB, in an embodiment, each battery cell 120[1] to 120[ n ] of each battery module 100[1] to 100[ n ] of the battery system 1003 has a plurality of batteries connected in series, wherein each battery control circuit 110[1] to 110[ n ] monitors the voltage of each battery in the corresponding battery cell 120[1] to 120[ n ], and when at least one battery in each battery cell in any battery cell is higher than an upper voltage limit or lower than a lower voltage limit, the battery control circuit generates a protection signal (for performing over-voltage or under-voltage protection). In one embodiment, the battery control circuit transmits a protection signal to a battery module (e.g., 100[1]) having a bottom mode through its downstream input terminal tT2B and downstream output terminal bT2B to shut off an electrical connection path between the battery system 1003 and the outside thereof. Alternatively, the battery control circuit transmits a protection signal to a battery module (e.g., 100[ n ]) having a top mode through its upstream input terminal bB2T and its upstream output terminal tB2T to shut off an electrical connection path between the battery system 1003 and the outside thereof. Specifically, the electrical connection path between the battery system 1003 and the outside thereof may be turned off by turning off the bottom switch SB by the battery module having the bottom mode (e.g., 100[1]) or the main control circuit 200 generating the control signal CSB, and/or by turning off the top switch ST by the battery module having the top mode (e.g., 100[ n ]) or the main control circuit 200 generating the control signal CST.

The present invention has been described with respect to the preferred embodiments, but the above description is only for the purpose of making the content of the present invention easy to understand for those skilled in the art, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The embodiments described are not limited to single use, but may be used in combination, for example, two or more embodiments may be combined, and some components in one embodiment may be substituted for corresponding components in another embodiment. Further, equivalent variations and combinations are contemplated by those skilled in the art within the spirit of the present invention, and the term "processing or computing or generating an output result based on a signal" is not limited to the signal itself, and includes, if necessary, performing voltage-to-current conversion, current-to-voltage conversion, and/or scaling on the signal, and then processing or computing the converted signal to generate an output result. It is understood that equivalent variations and combinations are possible and will occur to those skilled in the art, which combinations are not intended to be exhaustive, within the same spirit of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention should be determined to encompass all such equivalent variations as described above.