阅读说明：本技术 一种水产品生物复合保鲜剂及其保鲜方法 (Biological compound preservative for aquatic products and preservation method thereof ) 是由 刘唤明 洪鹏志 周春霞 邓楚津 于 2019-11-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种水产品生物复合保鲜剂及其保鲜方法,属于水产品生物储藏技术领域,一种水产品生物复合保鲜剂及其保鲜方法,包括抗氧化肽、大蒜粉、生姜提取液、艾叶提取液、壳聚糖衍生物、柠檬酸、茶多酚等组份,本发明采用的水产品保鲜剂,具有无毒、无残留、低成本,可有效避免水产品脂肪、蛋白质等不被氧化破坏,安全可靠等特点,用于水产品能够降低贮藏温度的要求,显著延迟贮藏期。本发明原料来源广泛,易于获取且成本低廉,应用范围广。(The invention discloses an aquatic product biological compound preservative and a preservation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of aquatic product biological storage. The invention has wide raw material source, easy acquisition, low cost and wide application range.)

1. An aquatic product biological compound preservative is characterized in that: the composite preservative comprises the following components in parts by weight:

30-40 parts of antioxidant peptide, 20-30 parts of garlic powder, 20-30 parts of ginger extract, 20-30 parts of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 10-20 parts of chitosan derivative, 10-20 parts of citric acid, 10-20 parts of tea polyphenol and 400 parts of deionized water.

2. The aquatic product biological compound preservative according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the preparation method of the compound preservative comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing antioxidant peptide by using the processing byproducts of the grouper and the salmon;

s2, preparing a chitosan derivative by using the shrimp shells and the crab shells;

s3, preparing garlic powder, a lifting extracting solution and an artemisia leaf extracting solution;

s4, preparing raw materials according to the weight part ratio, putting the antioxidant peptide, the garlic powder, the ginger extract, the folium artemisiae argyi extract and the chitosan derivative into a clean mixer according to the component ratio, and stirring for 15-25min to uniformly mix to obtain a mixture A;

s5, adding citric acid and tea polyphenol into the mixture A, stirring for 10-15min, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture B;

s6, adding the mixture B into a homogenizer, adding deionized water, and homogenizing for 20-30min to obtain the composite preservative.

3. The aquatic product biological compound preservative according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the S1 specifically includes the following steps:

s11, taking the cleaned grouper and salmon processing byproducts, and mashing the tissues to obtain homogenate after homogenate for later use;

s12, adding isopropanol into the homogenate according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:6-9g/mL, stirring and degreasing for 20-40h at 35-40 ℃, then centrifuging for 15min at 4000-6000rpm, filtering out supernatant and collecting degreased solid precipitate;

s13, adding 0.5mol/L phosphate buffer solution into the degreased solid according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:3-5g/mL, adjusting the pH value to 6-7, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture;

s14, stirring the mixture, heating to 50-60 ℃, adding flavourzyme, adding enzyme amount of 1500-; heating the enzymolysis product to above 75 deg.C, maintaining for 10-15min, inactivating enzyme, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging at 5000rpm for 10min to obtain enzymolysis solution, and lyophilizing to obtain dry powder of the enzymolysis product;

s15, dissolving the zymolyte dry powder in phosphate buffer solution with the pH value of 6.5-7.5 to prepare 20-25mg/mL solution, respectively adopting ultrafiltration membranes with the molecular weight cut-off of 7kDa, 5kDa, 3kDa and 1kDa to carry out ultrafiltration treatment on the obtained zymolyte under the working pressure of 0.1-0.15MPa and the temperature of 20-25 ℃, collecting all components, determining the antioxidant capacity of all components by measuring the scavenging capacity of all components on DPPH free radicals, collecting the components with the strongest antioxidant capacity and preparing dry powder;

s16, preparing the components with the strongest antioxidant capacity into a solution of 20-25mg/mL by using a phosphate buffer solution with pH of 6.5-7.5, performing column chromatography separation by using sephadex G-25, eluting by using a phosphate buffer solution with pH of 6.5-7.5, collecting eluted components according to an absorbance curve under 220nm, wherein the component with the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity is gel filtration enzymolysis antioxidant peptide, and freeze-drying to obtain the antioxidant peptide.

4. The aquatic product biological compound preservative according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the S2 specifically includes the following steps:

s21, crushing the clean shrimp shells and the crab shells, adding hydrochloric acid for decalcification to obtain decalcification shrimp shells and crab shell powder;

s22, mixing the decalcified shrimp shell and crab shell powder with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution or potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, freezing at a low temperature below the freezing point of the solution to thoroughly freeze the shell alkali mixture, thawing ice blocks, stirring after thawing, and dissolving the decalcified shrimp shell and crab shell powder to form a viscous solution;

s23, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the viscous solution, and removing a small amount of insoluble impurities in the solution to obtain a pure homogeneous solution;

s24, the pure homogeneous solution is heated and reacted at 25-40 ℃ until the deacetylation degree of the chitin reaches 60%;

s25, heating the warm solution at a high temperature of 80-110 ℃, and separating out chitosan from the solution to form a solid-liquid mixture;

s26, separating and refining the solid-liquid mixture to obtain low-density chitosan;

s27, respectively dissolving the low-density chitosan and the amino acid in 100mL of food-grade bamboo vinegar with the concentration of 0.1-5%, condensing and refluxing at 80 ℃, carrying out Maillard reaction, and finishing the reaction after at least 2h to obtain the chitosan derivative, wherein the mass ratio of the low-density chitosan to the amino acid is 1: 1.

5. The aquatic product biological compound preservative according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the S3, the preparation method of the garlic powder comprises the following steps: placing Bulbus Allii in an extraction tank, adding 3-4 times of distilled water, and ultrasonic-assisted extracting for 2-3 hr; filtering, adding 5-6 times of distilled water into the residue after the first extraction, and performing ultrasonic-assisted extraction for 1-2 h; filtering, adding 7-8 times of distilled water into the residue after the second extraction, and performing ultrasonic-assisted extraction for 1-2 h; filtering, mixing the extractive solutions for 3 times, and spray drying to obtain Bulbus Allii powder.

6. The aquatic product biological compound preservative according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the step S3, the extraction method of the ginger extract comprises the following steps: crushing 80-100g of ginger, placing the crushed ginger into an extraction tank, adding 2-3 times of ethanol by weight, and performing ultrasonic-assisted extraction for 2-3 hours; filtering, adding 3-4 times of distilled water into the residue after the first extraction, and performing ultrasonic-assisted extraction for 1-2 h; filtering, mixing extractive solutions for 2 times, and concentrating to obtain 100ml rhizoma Zingiberis recens extractive solution.

7. The aquatic product biological compound preservative according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the S3, the preparation method of the folium artemisiae argyi extract comprises the following steps: crushing 50g of folium artemisiae argyi, placing the crushed folium artemisiae argyi into an extraction tank, adding 2-3 times of ethanol by weight, and performing ultrasonic-assisted extraction for 2-3 hours; filtering, adding 3-4 times of distilled water into the residue after the first extraction, and performing ultrasonic-assisted extraction for 1-2 h; filtering, mixing the extractive solutions for 2 times, and concentrating to 100ml folium Artemisiae Argyi extractive solution.

8. The preservation method of the aquatic product biological compound preservative according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: diluting the aquatic product biological compound preservative by 2-3 times with distilled water to obtain preservative solution, soaking cleaned aquatic product organisms to be preserved in the obtained preservative solution at the temperature of 4-8 ℃ for 20-30min, taking out the soaked aquatic product organisms, packaging with a food-grade polyethylene film, and freezing at the temperature below 0 ℃ or refrigerating at the temperature of 1-7 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of biological storage of aquatic products, in particular to a biological compound preservative for aquatic products and a preservation method thereof.

Background

The aquatic products have high nutritive value and delicious taste, are deeply loved by consumers, and have larger and larger scale along with the rise of the domestic aquaculture industry and higher requirements of people on the quality of the aquatic products. The aquatic product has the characteristics of high protein content, high unsaturated fat and loose tissue structure, and is easier to oxidize than livestock meat and poultry meat; the aquatic products are oxidized after being captured and in the processing process, so that fish protein is easily decomposed, and the fish generates bad smell to change the original flavor of the fish; meanwhile, the variety of microorganisms causing fish body decay is various, and aquatic products are easily infected by spoilage bacteria in the storage process to lose freshness and deteriorate, lose nutritional value and commodity value, and cause great resource waste and huge economic loss. Therefore, the research on the preservation method of the aquatic products in the storage period is of great significance.

In order to prevent the aquatic products from being rotten, the aquatic products are frozen to make the bacteria difficult to reproduce at low temperature, and although the spoilage is avoided, the meat of the aquatic products is discolored, dried, hardened or mushy as a result of the freezing, and the delicate flavor is greatly reduced. Therefore, people are always dedicated to research the non-freezing preservation method of aquatic products. At present, the aquatic products are preserved mostly by adopting a preservative soaking method, and the preservatives are basically chemical substances such as compound phosphate, sulfite, chlorine dioxide or sodium acetate, and the food safety is difficult to ensure.

Disclosure of Invention

1. Technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a biological compound preservative for aquatic products and a preservation method thereof.

2. Technical scheme

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

An aquatic product biological compound preservative is characterized in that: the composite preservative comprises the following components in parts by weight:

30-40 parts of antioxidant peptide, 20-30 parts of garlic powder, 20-30 parts of ginger extract, 20-30 parts of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 10-20 parts of chitosan derivative, 10-20 parts of citric acid, 10-20 parts of tea polyphenol and 400 parts of deionized water.

Further, the preparation method of the compound preservative comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing antioxidant peptide by using the processing byproducts of the grouper and the salmon;

s2, preparing a chitosan derivative by using the shrimp shells and the crab shells;

s3, preparing garlic powder, a lifting extracting solution and an artemisia leaf extracting solution;

s4, preparing raw materials according to the weight part ratio, putting the antioxidant peptide, the garlic powder, the ginger extract, the folium artemisiae argyi extract and the chitosan derivative into a clean mixer according to the component ratio, and stirring for 15-25min to uniformly mix to obtain a mixture A;

s5, adding citric acid and tea polyphenol into the mixture A, stirring for 10-15min, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture B;

s6, adding the mixture B into a homogenizer, adding deionized water, and homogenizing for 20-30min to obtain the composite preservative.

Further, the S1 specifically includes the following steps:

s11, taking the cleaned grouper and salmon processing byproducts, and mashing the tissues to obtain homogenate after homogenate for later use;

s12, adding isopropanol into the homogenate according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:6-9g/mL, stirring and degreasing for 20-40h at 35-40 ℃, then centrifuging for 15min at 4000-6000rpm, filtering out supernatant and collecting degreased solid precipitate;

s13, adding 0.5mol/L phosphate buffer solution into the degreased solid according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:3-5g/mL, adjusting the pH value to 6-7, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture;

s14, stirring the mixture, heating to 50-60 ℃, adding flavourzyme, adding enzyme amount of 1500-; heating the enzymolysis product to above 75 deg.C, maintaining for 10-15min, inactivating enzyme, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging at 5000rpm for 10min to obtain enzymolysis solution, and lyophilizing to obtain dry powder of the enzymolysis product;

s15, dissolving the zymolyte dry powder in phosphate buffer solution with the pH value of 6.5-7.5 to prepare 20-25mg/mL solution, respectively adopting ultrafiltration membranes with the molecular weight cut-off of 7kDa, 5kDa, 3kDa and 1kDa to carry out ultrafiltration treatment on the obtained zymolyte under the working pressure of 0.1-0.15MPa and the temperature of 20-25 ℃, collecting all components, determining the antioxidant capacity of all components by measuring the scavenging capacity of all components on DPPH free radicals, collecting the components with the strongest antioxidant capacity and preparing dry powder;

s16, preparing the components with the strongest antioxidant capacity into a solution of 20-25mg/mL by using a phosphate buffer solution with pH of 6.5-7.5, performing column chromatography separation by using sephadex G-25, eluting by using a phosphate buffer solution with pH of 6.5-7.5, collecting eluted components according to an absorbance curve under 220nm, wherein the component with the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity is gel filtration enzymolysis antioxidant peptide, and freeze-drying to obtain the antioxidant peptide.

Further, the S2 specifically includes the following steps:

s21, crushing the clean shrimp shells and the crab shells, adding hydrochloric acid for decalcification to obtain decalcification shrimp shells and crab shell powder;

s22, mixing the decalcified shrimp shell and crab shell powder with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution or potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, freezing at a low temperature below the freezing point of the solution to thoroughly freeze the shell alkali mixture, thawing ice blocks, stirring after thawing, and dissolving the decalcified shrimp shell and crab shell powder to form a viscous solution;

s23, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the viscous solution, and removing a small amount of insoluble impurities in the solution to obtain a pure homogeneous solution;

s24, the pure homogeneous solution is heated and reacted at 25-40 ℃ until the deacetylation degree of the chitin reaches 60%;

s25, heating the warm solution at a high temperature of 80-110 ℃, and separating out chitosan from the solution to form a solid-liquid mixture;

s26, separating and refining the solid-liquid mixture to obtain low-density chitosan;

s27, respectively dissolving the low-density chitosan and the amino acid in 100mL of food-grade bamboo vinegar with the concentration of 0.1-5%, condensing and refluxing at 80 ℃, carrying out Maillard reaction, and finishing the reaction after at least 2h to obtain the chitosan derivative, wherein the mass ratio of the low-density chitosan to the amino acid is 1: 1.

Further, in S3, the preparation method of garlic powder comprises: placing Bulbus Allii in an extraction tank, adding 3-4 times of distilled water, and ultrasonic-assisted extracting for 2-3 hr; filtering, adding 5-6 times of distilled water into the residue after the first extraction, and performing ultrasonic-assisted extraction for 1-2 h; filtering, adding 7-8 times of distilled water into the residue after the second extraction, and performing ultrasonic-assisted extraction for 1-2 h; filtering, mixing the extractive solutions for 3 times, and spray drying to obtain Bulbus Allii powder.

Further, in S3, the extraction method of the ginger extract solution includes: crushing 80-100g of ginger, placing the crushed ginger into an extraction tank, adding 2-3 times of ethanol by weight, and performing ultrasonic-assisted extraction for 2-3 hours; filtering, adding 3-4 times of distilled water into the residue after the first extraction, and performing ultrasonic-assisted extraction for 1-2 h; filtering, mixing extractive solutions for 2 times, and concentrating to obtain 100ml rhizoma Zingiberis recens extractive solution.

Further, in S3, the preparation method of the folium artemisiae argyi extract solution comprises: crushing 50g of folium artemisiae argyi, placing the crushed folium artemisiae argyi into an extraction tank, adding 2-3 times of ethanol by weight, and performing ultrasonic-assisted extraction for 2-3 hours; filtering, adding 3-4 times of distilled water into the residue after the first extraction, and performing ultrasonic-assisted extraction for 1-2 h; filtering, mixing the extractive solutions for 2 times, and concentrating to 100ml folium Artemisiae Argyi extractive solution.

A preservation method of a biological compound preservative for aquatic products is characterized by comprising the following steps: diluting the aquatic product biological compound preservative by 2-3 times with distilled water to obtain preservative solution, soaking cleaned aquatic product organisms to be preserved in the obtained preservative solution at the temperature of 4-8 ℃ for 20-30min, taking out the soaked aquatic product organisms, packaging with a food-grade polyethylene film, and freezing at the temperature below 0 ℃ or refrigerating at the temperature of 1-7 ℃.

3. Advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

(1) the antioxidant peptide is added in the invention, and is prepared from the processing byproducts of the grouper and the salmon, and the antioxidant peptide has strong antioxidant activity, so that the fat, protein and the like of the aquatic products can be effectively prevented from being damaged by oxidation, and the bright color of the aquatic products can be maintained.

(2) The chitosan derivative is added in the invention, the chitosan has good inhibition effect on escherichia coli, pseudomonas fluorescens, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis and the like, and can also inhibit physiological change of fresh and live food, and the antibacterial property of the chitosan derivative is stronger than that of the chitosan, so that fungus breeding in the storage process of aquatic products can be effectively avoided, and the preservation effect is effectively improved.

(3) According to the invention, the garlic powder, the ginger extract and the folium artemisiae argyi extract are added, the garlic, the ginger and the folium artemisiae argyi have certain sterilization effect, and the garlic, the ginger and the folium artemisiae argyi are used as auxiliary components to be matched with the antioxidant peptide and the chitosan derivative, so that the preservation effect of the preservative can be further improved.

(4) The citric acid and the tea polyphenol are added, the citric acid can be used as a deodorization deodorizer, the tea polyphenol has an effective antioxidant effect, the preservation time of the aquatic products can be further effectively prolonged, and the flavor and the texture of the aquatic products are not influenced.

(5) The aquatic product preservative adopted by the invention has the characteristics of no toxicity, no residue, low cost, safety, reliability and the like, can effectively avoid the oxidation damage of fat, protein and the like of aquatic products, and can reduce the requirement of storage temperature and obviously delay the storage period when being used for the aquatic products.

(6) The invention has wide raw material source, easy acquisition, low cost and wide application range.

(7) The insurance method of the invention has convenient use and easy operation, and effectively prolongs the preservation period of aquatic organisms.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation method of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The drawings in the embodiments of the invention will be combined; the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described; obviously; the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the invention; but not all embodiments, are based on the embodiments of the invention; all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive step; all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top/bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "sleeved/connected," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.