阅读说明：本技术 一种5g天线亚锡电镀工艺 (5G antenna stannous electroplating process ) 是由 邓才君 于 2019-12-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及电镀技术领域,具体涉及一种5G天线亚锡电镀工艺。5G天线亚锡电镀工艺,至少包含如下步骤：S1：配制亚锡电镀液；S2：将S1中亚锡电镀液倒入电镀槽,以经镀铜处理的5G天线为阴极,以碳电极为阳极,在阴极电流密度30-70mA/cm<Sup>2</Sup>下电镀。本发明通过控制电镀工艺及采用特定的亚锡电镀液,使得镀层结晶细致、结合力好、均镀性好、稳定性高、耐腐蚀,完全满足5G天线对镀锡的要求。本发明的亚锡电镀工艺的均镀能力非常高,高电位线路和复杂腔体内线路的膜厚相差不超过10％；本发明的镀锡工艺镀层结晶非常细致,在线路边沿齐整,没有翘边和毛刺；镀层覆盖能力好,迅速覆盖塑材,有效避免了漏镀等问题。(The invention relates to the technical field of electroplating, in particular to a 5G antenna stannous electroplating process. The 5G antenna stannous electroplating process at least comprises the following steps: s1: preparing stannous electroplating solution; s2: pouring the stannous plating solution in S1 into electroplating bath, taking 5G antenna subjected to copper plating as cathode, taking carbon electrode as anode, and performing cathode current density of 30-70mA/cm 2 And (4) bottom electroplating. By controlling the electroplating process and adopting the specific stannous electroplating solution, the invention ensures that the plating layer has fine crystallization, good binding force, good uniform plating property, high stability and corrosion resistance, and completely meets the requirement of the 5G antenna on tin plating. The stannous electroplating process has very high uniform plating capacity, and the difference between the film thickness of the high-potential circuit and the film thickness of the circuit in the complex cavity is not more than 10 percent; the plating layer of the tinning process is very fine in crystallization, the edge of the line is neat and neat, and no edge warping and burrs exist; the coating has good covering capability, can quickly cover the plastic material, and effectively avoids the problems of plating leakage and the like.)

1. A5G antenna stannous electroplating process is characterized by at least comprising the following steps:

s1: preparing stannous electroplating solution;

s2: pouring the stannous plating solution in S1 into electroplating bath, taking 5G antenna subjected to copper plating as cathode, taking carbon electrode as anode, and performing cathode current density of 30-70mA/cm²And (4) bottom electroplating.

2. The stannous plating process according to claim 1, wherein the plating temperature of the step S2 is 10-40 ℃.

3. The stannous electroplating process according to claim 1, wherein the electroplating time of the step S2 is 20-60 min.

4. A stannous electroplating process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the stannous electroplating solution of the step S1 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of stannous salt, 320 parts of sulfuric acid, 10-20 parts of stannous electroplating additive and 1100 parts of distilled water.

5. A stannous electroplating process according to claim 4, wherein the stannous electroplating additive comprises, in mass percent: 12.5 to 13.1 percent of polyether, 14.5 to 18.5 percent of hydroquinone, 12 to 13 percent of inorganic acid, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of benzene sulfonic acid and the balance of water.

6. A stannous plating process according to claim 5, wherein the polyether is selected from one or more of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether, fatty acid polyoxyethylene ether, and polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer.

7. A stannous electroplating process according to claim 6, wherein the alkylphenol ethoxylates is selected from one or more of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, and dodecylphenol polyoxyethylene ether.

8. A stannous electroplating process according to claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer to the alkylphenol polyoxyethylene is 1: (130-240).

9. A stannous electroplating process according to claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the hydroquinone to the benzene sulfonic acid is (37-49): 1.

10. a tin-plated 5G antenna, wherein the tin-plated 5G antenna is prepared according to the stannous plating process of any one of claims 1-9.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of electroplating, in particular to a 5G antenna stannous electroplating process.

Background

In the 5G (fifth generation mobile communication) era of everything interconnection, smart cities, unmanned driving, unmanned factories and remote operations, 5G is more and more clear in thinking. The blueprint for a 5G network is 100 times as high as 4G, which would reach 10Gbit/s, low latency less than 1ms, high density supporting 1000 billion connections, and high capacity 1000 times 4G. On one hand, antenna systems such as a massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) antenna and an integrated active antenna are required to serve a macro base station, and on the other hand, ubiquitous micro base stations require high integration of antennas and base station equipment. The position of the 5G antenna as a sensing organ of a mobile communication network in the network is more and more complex, and the role is more and more important.

Tin can keep bright metallic luster in the atmosphere, the development of the electronic industry is leap forward with the continuous progress of the development of scientific technology and the rise of the third industrial revolution in the 20 th century, and the tin (and the alloy) coating is gradually applied to the electronic industries such as semiconductor devices, circuit boards, resistance capacitors and the like as a weldable coating due to the excellent weldability of the tin coating. The tin plating of the 5G antenna can improve the transmission signal of the 5G antenna, and has important effects of improving the sensing speed of the 5G antenna and the like.

The plating solution in the alkaline tin electroplating process needs to be heated, so that the power consumption is increased, the highest current density allowed to operate is lower, the required theoretical electric energy is twice that of the acid point plating solution, the tin anode is dissolved into stannous sulfate at low current density, a golden yellow film is generated on the surface of the tin anode when the current density is increased to a critical value, and once the film covers the surface of the anode, the tin is completely dissolved into stannate. The plating solution in the common acid tin plating process has poor stability, tin mud is easy to form, the crystallinity of the plating layer is poor, the bonding force is low, the uniform plating property is poor, and the requirement of a 5G antenna on tin plating cannot be met.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a 5G antenna stannous electroplating process, which at least comprises the following steps:

s1: preparing stannous electroplating solution;

s2: pouring the stannous plating solution in S1 into electroplating bath, taking 5G antenna subjected to copper plating as cathode, taking carbon electrode as anode, and performing cathode current density of 30-70mA/cm²And (4) bottom electroplating.

As a preferable technical scheme, the electroplating temperature of the step S2 is 10-40 ℃.

As a preferable technical scheme, the electroplating time of the step S2 is 20-60 min.

As a preferable technical solution, the stannous electroplating solution in the step S1 includes, by weight: 20-30 parts of stannous salt, 320 parts of sulfuric acid, 10-20 parts of stannous electroplating additive and 1100 parts of distilled water.

As a preferred technical scheme, the stannous electroplating additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12.5 to 13.1 percent of polyether, 14.5 to 18.5 percent of hydroquinone, 12 to 13 percent of inorganic acid, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of benzene sulfonic acid and the balance of water.

As a preferable technical scheme, the polyether is selected from one or more of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether, fatty acid polyoxyethylene ether, and polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer.

As a preferable technical scheme, the alkylphenol ethoxylates is one or more selected from the group consisting of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and dodecylphenol polyoxyethylene ether.

As a preferable technical scheme, the mass ratio of the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer to the alkylphenol polyoxyethylene is 1: (130-240).

As a preferable technical scheme, the mass ratio of the hydroquinone to the benzene sulfonic acid is (37-49): 1.

the invention provides a tinned 5G antenna in a second aspect, and the tinned 5G antenna is prepared by the stannous electroplating process.

Has the advantages that: the invention provides a 5G antenna stannous electroplating process, which has the advantages that through controlling the electroplating process and adopting a specific stannous electroplating solution, a plating layer is fine in crystallization, good in binding force, good in uniform plating property, high in stability and corrosion resistant, and the requirements of a 5G antenna on tinning are completely met. The stannous electroplating process has very high uniform plating capacity, and the difference between the film thickness of the high-potential circuit and the film thickness of the circuit in the complex cavity is not more than 10 percent; the plating layer of the tinning process is very fine in crystallization, the edge of the line is neat and neat, and no edge warping and burrs exist; the coating has good covering capability, can quickly cover the plastic material, and effectively avoids the problems of plating leakage and the like.

Detailed Description

The technical features of the technical solutions provided by the present invention are further clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments, and the scope of protection is not limited thereto.

The term "prepared from …" as used herein is synonymous with "comprising". The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," "contains," "containing," or any other variation thereof, as used herein, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.

The conjunction "consisting of …" excludes any unspecified elements, steps or components. If used in a claim, the phrase is intended to claim as closed, meaning that it does not contain materials other than those described, except for the conventional impurities associated therewith. When the phrase "consisting of …" appears in a clause of the subject matter of the claims rather than immediately after the subject matter, it defines only the elements described in the clause; other elements are not excluded from the claims as a whole.

When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or as a range of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. For example, when the range "1 to 5" is disclosed, the described range should be construed as including the ranges "1 to 4", "1 to 3", "1 to 2", "2 to 3" and "3 to 4", "4 to 5" and "3 to 5", etc. When a range of values is described herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof and all integers and fractions within the range.

The singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. "optional" or "any" means that the subsequently described event or events may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where the event occurs and instances where it does not.

In addition, the indefinite articles "a" and "an" preceding an element or component of the invention are not intended to limit the number requirement (i.e., the number of occurrences) of the element or component. Thus, "a" or "an" should be read to include one or at least one, and the singular form of an element or component also includes the plural unless the stated number clearly indicates that the singular form is intended.

In order to solve the above problems, a first aspect of the present invention provides a 5G antenna stannous electroplating process, which at least comprises the following steps:

s1: preparing stannous electroplating solution;

s2: pouring the stannous plating solution in S1 into electroplating bath, taking 5G antenna subjected to copper plating as cathode, taking carbon electrode as anode, and performing cathode current density of 30-70mA/cm²And (4) bottom electroplating.

In a preferred embodiment, the 5G antenna stannous electroplating process at least comprises the following steps:

s1: preparing stannous electroplating solution;

s2: pouring the stannous oxide electroplating solution in S1 into an electroplating bath, taking a 5G antenna subjected to copper plating as a cathode, taking a carbon electrode as an anode, and carrying out cathode current density of 50mA/cm²And (4) bottom electroplating.

In one embodiment, the plating temperature of the step S2 is 10 to 40 ℃.

In a preferred embodiment, the plating temperature of the S2 step is 20 to 30 ℃.

In a more preferred embodiment, the plating temperature of the S2 step is 25 ℃.

In one embodiment, the electroplating time of the step S2 is 20-60 min.

In a preferred embodiment, the plating time of the step S2 is 30-50 min.

In a more preferred embodiment, the plating time of the S2 step is 40 min.

In one embodiment, the stannous electroplating solution of the step S1 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of stannous salt, 320 parts of sulfuric acid, 10-20 parts of stannous electroplating additive and 1100 parts of distilled water.

In a preferred embodiment, the stannous electroplating solution of the step S1 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of stannous salt, 300 parts of sulfuric acid, 15 parts of stannous electroplating additive and 1000 parts of distilled water.

Stannous salt

In the invention, the stannous salt is a general term of salts in which all cations are stannous ions, wherein the valence of the stannous ions is + 2.

In one embodiment, the stannous salt is selected from one or more of stannous sulfate, stannous chloride, stannous bromide, bis (monomethyl maleate) dibutyl stannous salt, stannous nitrate, stannous oxalate.

In a preferred embodiment, the stannous salt is stannous sulfate.

The molecular formula of the stannous sulfate is SnSO₄The relative molecular weight is 214.75, and the powder is white or light yellow crystal powder, can be dissolved in water and dilute sulfuric acid, and can be rapidly decomposed in water solution. The method is mainly used for tin plating or chemical reagents, such as acid electroplating of alloys, tinplate, cylinder pistons, steel wires and the like, bright tin plating of electronic devices and the like. In addition, the aluminum alloy surface treatment agent is also used for oxidation coloring of aluminum alloy product coatings, and is used as a mordant in printing and dyeing industry, a hydrogen peroxide remover in organic solution and the like.

Sulfuric acid

In the invention, the chemical formula of the sulfuric acid is H₂SO₄The most important oxyacid of sulfur. Sulfuric acid is the most active strong, binary inorganic acid and reacts with most metals. The high-concentration sulfuric acid has strong water absorption and can be used as dehydrating agent, carbonized wood, paper, cotton-linen fabric, biological skin and meat and other substances containing carbohydrate. When mixed with water, a large amount of heat energy is also released. It is highly corrosive and oxidative and therefore used with caution. Is an important industrial raw material, can be used for manufacturing fertilizers, medicines, explosives, pigments, detergents, storage batteries and the like, and is also widely applied to industries of purifying petroleum, metal smelting, dyes and the like. Is commonly used as a chemical reagent and can be used as a dehydrating agent and a sulfonating agent in organic synthesis.

In one embodiment, the sulfuric acid is selected from one or more of sulfuric acid having a concentration of 10 wt%, 29-32 wt%, 62-70 wt%, 98 wt%.

In one embodiment, the sulfuric acid is 98 wt% sulfuric acid.

Stannous electroplating additive

In the invention, the stannous electroplating additive is a substance for improving the quality of a plating layer.

In one embodiment, the stannous plating additive comprises, in mass percent: 12.5 to 13.1 percent of polyether, 14.5 to 18.5 percent of hydroquinone, 12 to 13 percent of inorganic acid, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of benzene sulfonic acid and the balance of water.

In a preferred embodiment, the stannous plating additive comprises, in mass percent: 12.8% of polyether, 16.5% of hydroquinone, 12.5% of inorganic acid, 0.4% of benzenesulfonic acid and the balance of water.

(polyether)

In the invention, the polyether is also called polyglycol ether and is a synthetic oil with the largest sale amount at present. It is a linear polymer prepared by ring-opening homopolymerization or copolymerization of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide and the like serving as raw materials under the action of a catalyst.

In one embodiment, the polyether is selected from one or more of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty amine polyoxyethylene ether, fatty acid polyoxyethylene ether, and polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer.

In a preferred embodiment, the polyether is a combination of a polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer and a polyoxyethylene alkylphenol ether.

In a preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer to the alkylphenol polyoxyethylene is 1: (130-240).

In a more preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer to the alkylphenol polyoxyethylene is 1: 180.

in one embodiment, the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer includes, but is not limited to, any of L-31, L-35, F-38, L-42, L-43, L-44, L-45, L-61, L-62, L-63, L-64, P-65, F-68, F-127.

In a preferred embodiment, the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer has a relative molecular weight of 1900-3500.

In a more preferred embodiment, the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer has a relative molecular weight of 2900.

From the technical effect of the present invention, the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer is preferably L-64 having a relative molecular weight of 2900, available from Nantong Chen Runjiang chemical Co.

In the present invention, the relative molecular weight is an average relative molecular weight, and the unit is 1.

In one embodiment, the alkylphenol ethoxylates are selected from one or more of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, and dodecylphenol polyoxyethylene ether.

In a preferred embodiment, the alkylphenol ethoxylate is octylphenol ethoxylate.

The polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether includes but is not limited to any one of OP-10, OP-4, OP-6, OP-7, OP-9, OP-15, OP-20, OP-21, OP-30 and OP-40.

In a preferred embodiment, the octyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether has a haze of 48 to 100 ℃.

In a more preferred embodiment, the octyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether has a haze of 60 to 65 ℃.

In the present invention, the turbidity is a parameter indicating the physicochemical property of the surfactant.

From the technical effect of the invention, the octyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether is preferably OP-10, the turbidity is 60-65 ℃, and the octyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether is purchased from the company of Schchen Taixin Lanxing science and technology, Inc.

Tin is electroplated by adopting stannous sulfate and sulfuric acid, so that the corrosion resistance is poor, and the plating layer is rough and uneven. The inventor finds that the uniformity of a plating layer can be obviously improved when the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene are added into the plating solution for compounding. The reason the inventor guesses is probably that the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer and the alkylphenol polyoxyethylene are compounded, so that the plating solution has the maximum dispersing capacity, the stability of the plating solution is improved, the plating solution is not influenced by sulfuric acid, the surface tension of the plating solution is effectively reduced due to the low foamability of the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer, and the uniform plating property and the stability of the plating solution are improved. In the course of further research, it was found that when a polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer and an alkylphenol polyoxyethylene are used in a mass ratio of 1: (130-240), and the relative molecular weight of the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer is 1900-3500, and when the alkylphenol polyoxyethylene is octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, the corrosion resistance and the binding force of the tinned 5G antenna are effectively improved, the inventor guesses that the reason is probably that due to the addition of the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer L-64, the ether bond on the octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether OP-10 and water form a hydrogen bond, so that the molecular chain of the alkylphenol polyoxyethylene is zigzag, and the alkylphenol polyoxyethylene and the benzene ring electron cloud in the p-hydroxybenzene sulfonic acid are mutually influenced, so that the corrosion resistance and the binding force of the tinned 5G antenna are improved.

(Hydroquinone)

In the present invention, hydroquinone is an organic compound formed by substituting two para-hydrogens of benzene with hydroxyl groups, and is also called hydroquinone as a white crystal. It is mainly used for preparing black and white developer, anthraquinone dye, azo dye, rubber anti-aging agent, stabilizer and antioxidant.

(inorganic acid)

In one embodiment, the inorganic acid is selected from one or more of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, nitric acid, chloric acid, hypochlorous acid, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen iodide, hydrogen fluoride.

In a preferred embodiment, the mineral acid is sulfuric acid having a concentration of 98 wt%.

(Benzenesulfonic acid)

In the present invention, the benzenesulfonic acid refers to benzenesulfonic acid and its derivatives.

In one embodiment, the benzene sulfonic acid is selected from one or more of p-hydroxybenzene sulfonic acid, p-octylbenzene sulfonic acid, p-decylbenzene sulfonic acid, p-undecylbenzene sulfonic acid, 1, 4-benzene disulfonic acid, tolylisooctylnaphthalene sulfonic acid, dinonylbenzene sulfonic acid, naphthalene disulfonic acid, aminobenzene sulfonic acid.

In a preferred embodiment, the benzenesulfonic acid is p-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid.

In a preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of hydroquinone to benzenesulfonic acid is (37-49): 1.

in a more preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of hydroquinone to benzenesulfonic acid is 41: 1.

Sn²⁺the tin oxide is easy to oxidize and hydrolyze in sulfuric acid plating solution to form tin mud, which is not beneficial to forming stable crystal nucleus and influencing the appearance, structure and crystallinity of tin plating. The inventor finds that the addition of hydroquinone and p-hydroxybenzene sulfonic acid into the plating solution can effectively avoid Sn²⁺The stability of the tin plating is improved. In the process of further research, the inventor finds that when the mass ratio of hydroquinone to p-hydroxybenzene sulfonic acid is (37-49): 1, the plating tin has no burrs and the best crystallinity, and the reason guessed by the inventor is probably that the growth of crystal nuclei is inhibited due to the interaction of hydroquinone, p-hydroxyphenylsulfonic acid, alkylphenol ethoxylates OP-10 and polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymer, the formation rate of new nuclei is increased, the crystal grains are refined, the plating is smooth and fine, and the non-uniformity caused by the local current density difference can be effectively compensated by controlling the plating temperature to be 20-30 ℃.

In one embodiment, the stannous electroplating additive is prepared by the steps of: firstly, uniformly mixing polyether, hydroquinone, benzenesulfonic acid and water in proportion, then slowly adding inorganic acid under the condition of stirring, and uniformly mixing to obtain the stannous electroplating additive.

In one embodiment, the stannous electroplating solution is prepared by the following steps: and uniformly mixing stannous salt and distilled water, adding a stannous electroplating additive, uniformly stirring, slowly adding sulfuric acid under the stirring condition, and uniformly mixing to obtain the stannous electroplating solution.

The invention provides a tinned 5G antenna in a second aspect, and the tinned 5G antenna is prepared by the stannous electroplating process.

The present invention will be specifically described below by way of examples. It should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and that the insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure are still within the scope of the present invention.

In addition, the starting materials used are all commercially available, unless otherwise specified.