阅读说明：本技术 一种采用深冷冲击变形强化电弧增材构件的装置和方法 (Device and method for strengthening electric arc additive component by adopting cryogenic shock deformation ) 是由 张涛 李回归 龚海 吴运新 于 2021-09-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请涉及电弧增材技术领域,提供一种采用深冷冲击变形强化电弧增材构件的装置和方法,该装置包括液氮池、制冷板、深冷箱体、基板、运动机构、电弧增材机构、保温组件、锤击组件和深冷处理组件。通过制冷板将液氮池的低温直接传递给基板,这样提高了深冷处理的效率及深冷箱体内温度的均匀性,同时在深冷箱内就能完成电弧沉积层的形成和深冷冲击变形,无需将电弧沉积层在不同装置之间进行转移,使得工件制造过程效率高、响应速度快,满足绿色环保要求。且逐层深冷冲击变形能抑制位错运动、促使晶粒细化,同时提高电弧增材构件的强度和塑性。(The application relates to the technical field of electric arc additive materials, and provides a device and a method for strengthening an electric arc additive material component by adopting cryogenic shock deformation. Through the refrigeration board with the low temperature direct transmission in liquid nitrogen bath for the base plate, improved the efficiency of cryrogenic processing and the homogeneity of the internal temperature of cryogenic box like this, just can accomplish the formation of electric arc sedimentary deposit layer and cryrogenic impact deformation simultaneously in cryogenic box, need not to shift the electric arc sedimentary deposit layer between different devices for work piece manufacturing process is efficient, response speed is fast, satisfies green requirement. And the layer-by-layer cryogenic impact deformation can inhibit dislocation motion, promote grain refinement and simultaneously improve the strength and plasticity of the electric arc additive component.)

1. A device for strengthening an electric arc additive component by adopting cryogenic shock deformation is characterized by comprising:

the liquid nitrogen pool (1) is filled with liquid nitrogen;

the refrigerating plate (2) is arranged at the upper end of the liquid nitrogen pool (1);

the deep cooling box body (3) is arranged on the refrigerating plate (2);

the base plate (4) is arranged on the refrigerating plate (2) in the deep cooling box body (3);

a movement mechanism (5) arranged above the substrate (4);

an arc additive mechanism (6) for forming an arc deposition layer (64) on the substrate (4) in accordance with a predetermined shape of a workpiece;

the hammering component (8) is arranged on the moving mechanism (5) and is used for impacting and deforming the arc deposition layer (64);

the heat preservation assembly (7) is arranged on the moving mechanism (5) and is used for carrying out deep cooling heat preservation on the hammering assembly (8); and the number of the first and second groups,

and the cryogenic treatment assembly (9) is used for injecting nitrogen into the cryogenic box body (3) so as to carry out cryogenic treatment on the arc deposition layer (64).

2. The apparatus for strengthening the arc additive member by cryogenic shock deformation according to claim 1, wherein: sub-zero treatment subassembly (9) include liquid nitrogen container (91), cryrogenic temperature sensor (92), control valve (93), cryrogenic liquid nitrogen injection head (94) and controller (95), cryrogenic temperature sensor (92) with cryrogenic liquid nitrogen injection head (94) all locate on the lateral wall of cryrogenic box (3), controller (95) with control valve (93) electricity is connected, control valve (93) through the pipeline respectively with cryrogenic liquid nitrogen injection head (94) with liquid nitrogen container (91) are connected.

3. The apparatus for strengthening the arc additive member by cryogenic shock deformation according to claim 2, wherein: a floating ball liquid level controller (96) and a pressure sensor (97) are arranged in the liquid nitrogen pool (1), and the liquid nitrogen pool (1) is communicated with the liquid nitrogen tank (91) through a metal hose (98).

4. The apparatus for strengthening the arc additive member by cryogenic shock deformation according to claim 1, wherein: the heat preservation assembly (7) comprises a heat preservation temperature sensor (71) and a heat preservation liquid nitrogen injection head (72) which are arranged on the moving mechanism (5).

5. The apparatus for strengthening the arc additive member by cryogenic shock deformation according to claim 1, wherein: the upper end of cryrogenic box (3) is equipped with case lid (31), case lid (31) orders about it through motor (32) and opens or close, refrigeration board (2) are the brass board.

6. The apparatus for strengthening the arc additive member by cryogenic shock deformation according to claim 1, wherein: the electric arc material adding mechanism (6) comprises a six-axis robot (61), and a welding gun (62), a wire feeding mechanism (63) and an electric arc deposition layer (64) which are arranged on the six-axis robot (61).

7. The apparatus for strengthening the arc additive member by cryogenic shock deformation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: hammering subassembly (8) are the pneumatic type hammering subassembly, the pneumatic type hammering subassembly is including cavity (81) that has the activity chamber, locate baffle (82), magnetic piston (83) in cavity (81), locate spring (84) and tup (85) on magnetic piston (83), tup (85) can stretch out cavity (81), there are three-way valve (86), gas holder (87), air-vent valve (88) and equipment box (89) one end that tup (85) were kept away from in cavity (81) through the pipe connection, air pump (810) that gas holder (87) are connected, equipment box (89) with air-vent valve (88) electricity is connected.

8. The apparatus for strengthening the arc additive member by cryogenic shock deformation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the hammering component (8) is an ultrasonic hammering component, the ultrasonic hammering component comprises an ultrasonic generator (811), an ultrasonic transducer (812) and an ultrasonic amplitude transformer (813), the ultrasonic transducer (812) is electrically connected with the ultrasonic generator (811), a clamping handle (814) is arranged at the lower end of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer (813), and an impact tool head (815) is arranged at the lower end of the clamping handle (814).

9. The apparatus for strengthening the arc additive component by cryogenic shock deformation according to claim 8, wherein: the impact tool head (815) may be a ball head, a flat punch, a male punch and a female punch.

10. A method for strengthening an electric arc additive component by cryogenic shock deformation, which is based on the device of any one of claims 1 to 9, and comprises the following steps:

s1, constructing a three-dimensional solid model on a computer according to the structure of the workpiece, carrying out hierarchical calculation, section filling and post-processing on the three-dimensional solid model to generate a manufacturing code;

s2, polishing the substrate (4), removing oxides on the surface of the substrate (4) by using an angle grinder, wiping the substrate by using acetone, and fixing the substrate on a refrigerating plate (2) arranged on a liquid nitrogen pool (1);

s3, the cryogenic treatment component (9) works to enable the interior of the cryogenic tank body (3) to be at a cryogenic temperature;

s4, forming an arc deposition layer (64) on the substrate (4) by the arc additive mechanism (6) according to the manufacturing code obtained in the step S1;

s5, carrying out cryogenic treatment on the hammering assembly (8) by the heat preservation assembly (7);

s6, the movement mechanism (5) drives the heat preservation assembly (7) and the hammering assembly (8) to enter the deep cooling box body (3), and the hammering assembly (8) conducts multiple times of deep cooling impact on the surface of the formed arc deposition layer (64);

s7, after the heat preservation component (7) and the hammering component (8) are driven to leave the deep cooling box body (3) by the movement mechanism (5), the arc material adding mechanism (6) forms a new layer of arc deposition layer (64) on the substrate (4) according to the manufacturing code obtained in the step S1, then the step S5 and the step S6 are repeated, the step S7 is circulated, and the preset workpiece shape is obtained in a layer-by-layer stacking mode.

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of electric arc additive materials, and particularly relates to a device and a method for strengthening an electric arc additive material component by adopting cryogenic shock deformation.

Background

The aluminum alloy has excellent mechanical property and lower density, and has wide application in the fields of aerospace, high-end equipment and the like. The electric arc additive manufacturing technology is an additive manufacturing technology which melts welding wires through electric arc heat, and deposits layer by layer according to the three-dimensional shape of a component through a motion mechanism or a robot so as to form a final component. The electric arc additive manufacturing technology mainly comprises Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding, Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding, cold metal transition technology (CMT), plasma welding and the like. However, arc additive aluminum alloy components suffer from a number of defects, such as coarse grains within the material, non-uniform pore size distribution, and microcracks, which significantly degrade the mechanical properties of the additive component.

The cryogenic treatment is a process method for treating materials at the temperature of below 100 ℃ below zero by using liquid nitrogen as a cooling medium. The material has changed microstructure at low temperature, so that the residual stress is released, and the material macroscopically shows improvement in wear resistance, dimensional stability, comprehensive mechanical property and the like. The cryogenic deformation is to apply plastic deformation to a metal material by utilizing the excellent plastic deformation capability of the metal material under the cryogenic condition, and the dislocation motion and the recrystallization behavior in the cryogenic plastic deformation process promote the grain refinement of the material so that the material has higher strength and toughness. The patent of application No. 201811510040.5 discloses a method for preparing a high-performance aluminum lithium alloy strip by cryogenic rolling and aging treatment, which comprises the steps of carrying out solid solution treatment, multiple times of cryogenic treatment, cryogenic rolling deformation and aging treatment on the aluminum lithium alloy strip, and finally obtaining the aluminum lithium alloy strip with the strength and the toughness exceeding those of cold rolling. However, no corresponding device is disclosed, so that an effective device cannot be obtained to realize the method, and the method has the advantages that the workpiece is mainly in a plate-strip shape, the time and energy are wasted during multiple times of cryogenic treatment and cryogenic rolling conversion, and the development of an electric arc additive manufacturing technology is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The application aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art and providing the device which is easy to operate, high in precision, high in efficiency and low in cost, and the device is specifically a device for strengthening an electric arc additive component by adopting cryogenic shock deformation.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows: the device for strengthening the arc additive component by using the cryogenic shock deformation is provided, and comprises:

the liquid nitrogen pool is filled with liquid nitrogen;

the refrigerating plate is arranged at the upper end of the liquid nitrogen pool;

the deep cooling box body is arranged on the refrigerating plate;

the base plate is arranged on the refrigerating plate in the deep cooling box body;

the movement mechanism is arranged above the substrate;

an arc additive mechanism for forming an arc deposition layer on the substrate in accordance with a predetermined shape of a workpiece;

the hammering assembly is arranged on the moving mechanism and is used for carrying out impact deformation on the arc deposition layer;

the heat preservation assembly is arranged on the movement mechanism and is used for carrying out deep cooling heat preservation on the hammering assembly; and the number of the first and second groups,

and the cryogenic treatment component is used for spraying nitrogen into the cryogenic box so as to carry out cryogenic treatment on the arc deposition layer.

In one embodiment, the subzero treatment subassembly includes liquid nitrogen container, cryrogenic temperature sensor, control valve, cryrogenic liquid nitrogen injector head and controller, cryrogenic temperature sensor with cryrogenic liquid nitrogen injector head all locates on the lateral wall of subzero box, the controller with the control valve electricity is connected, the control valve pass through the pipeline respectively with cryrogenic liquid nitrogen injector head and liquid nitrogen container connect.

In one embodiment, a floating ball liquid level controller and a pressure sensor are arranged in the liquid nitrogen pool, and the liquid nitrogen pool is communicated with the liquid nitrogen tank through a metal hose.

In one embodiment, the heat preservation assembly comprises a heat preservation temperature sensor and a heat preservation liquid nitrogen injection head which are arranged on the moving mechanism.

In one embodiment, the upper end of the deep cooling box body is provided with a box cover, the box cover is driven to be opened or closed by a motor, and the refrigeration plate is a brass plate.

In one embodiment, the arc additive mechanism includes a six-axis robot, a welding gun and a wire feeder disposed on the six-axis robot.

In one embodiment, the hammering assembly is a pneumatic hammering assembly, the pneumatic hammering assembly comprises a cavity with a movable cavity, a baffle plate, a magnetic piston, a spring and a hammer head, the baffle plate, the magnetic piston and the spring are arranged in the cavity, the hammer head is arranged on the magnetic piston, the cavity can extend out of the hammer head, one end, far away from the hammer head, of the cavity is connected with a three-way valve, a gas storage tank, a pressure regulating valve and an equipment box through pipelines, the gas storage tank is connected with a gas pump, and the equipment box is electrically connected with the pressure regulating valve.

In one embodiment, the hammering assembly is an ultrasonic hammering assembly, the ultrasonic hammering assembly comprises an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic transducer and an ultrasonic amplitude transformer, the ultrasonic transducer is electrically connected with the ultrasonic generator, the lower end of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer is provided with a clamping handle, and the lower end of the clamping handle is provided with an impact tool head.

In one embodiment, the impact tool head is a ball head, a flat punch, a male punch, or a female punch.

Another object of the present application is to provide a method for strengthening an arc additive component by cryogenic shock deformation, based on the apparatus as described above, the method comprising the steps of:

s1, constructing a three-dimensional solid model on a computer according to the structure of the workpiece, carrying out hierarchical calculation, section filling and post-processing on the three-dimensional solid model to generate a manufacturing code;

s2, polishing the substrate, removing oxides on the surface of the substrate by using an angle grinder, wiping the substrate by using acetone, and fixing the substrate on a refrigerating plate arranged on a liquid nitrogen pool;

s3, operating the cryogenic treatment component to enable the cryogenic box body to be at cryogenic temperature;

s4, forming an arc deposition layer on the substrate by the arc additive mechanism according to the manufacturing code obtained in the step S1;

s5, carrying out cryogenic treatment on the hammering assembly by the heat preservation assembly;

s6, driving the heat preservation assembly and the hammering assembly into the cryogenic box body by the movement mechanism, and enabling the hammering assembly to perform multiple times of cryogenic impact on the surface of the formed arc deposition layer;

and S7, after the heat preservation assembly and the hammering assembly are driven to leave the cryogenic box body by the movement mechanism, forming a new layer of arc deposition layer on the substrate by the arc material adding mechanism according to the manufacturing code obtained in the step S1, then repeating the step S5 and the step S6, and circulating the step S7 to obtain the preset workpiece shape in a layer-by-layer stacking mode.

The application provides an adopt cryrogenic impact deformation to strengthen device of electric arc vibration material disk member's beneficial effect lies in:

but the liquid nitrogen content in floater liquid level controller and the pressure sensor accurate control liquid nitrogen pool, directly transmit the base plate for the low temperature in liquid nitrogen pool through the refrigeration board, a plurality of liquid nitrogen injector heads are evenly arranged to deep cooling case both sides simultaneously, the efficiency of cryrogenic processing and the homogeneity of deep cooling incasement temperature have been improved like this, just can accomplish the formation and the cryrogenic impact deformation of electric arc sedimentary deposit in the deep cooling incasement simultaneously, need not to shift the electric arc sedimentary deposit between different devices, make work piece manufacturing process efficient, response speed is fast, satisfy green requirement.

The application provides an adopt cryrogenic shock deformation to strengthen electric arc vibration material disk method's beneficial effect lies in:

the deep cooling deformation is beneficial to accumulating a large amount of deformation energy, the crystal grains can be refined by inhibiting dislocation motion at ultralow temperature, meanwhile, the strength and toughness of the material are improved, and the mechanical property higher than that of room temperature deformation is obtained.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for strengthening an arc additive component by cryogenic shock deformation according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a pneumatic hammering assembly in an apparatus for strengthening an arc additive manufacturing component by cryogenic impact deformation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultrasonic hammering assembly in an apparatus for strengthening an arc additive component by using deep cooling impact deformation according to an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a hammer head serving as a female punch in the device for strengthening the arc additive component by cryogenic shock deformation according to the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for strengthening an arc additive manufacturing element by cryogenic shock deformation, in which a hammer head is a flat head according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for strengthening an arc additive manufacturing component by cryogenic shock deformation, in which a hammer head is a convex punch head.

Wherein, in the figures, the respective reference numerals:

1. a liquid nitrogen pool; 2. a refrigeration plate; 21. a clamp; 3. a cryogenic tank; 31. a box cover; 32. a motor; 4. a substrate; 5. a motion mechanism; 6. an arc additive mechanism; 61. a six-axis robot; 62. a welding gun; 63. a wire feeder; 64. an arc deposition layer; 7. a heat preservation assembly; 71. a heat preservation temperature sensor; 72. a heat-preservation liquid nitrogen injector head; 8. a hammer assembly; 81. a cavity; 82. a baffle plate; 83. a magnetic piston; 84. a spring; 85. a hammer head; 86. a three-way valve; 87. a gas storage tank; 88. a pressure regulating valve; 89. an equipment box; 810. an air pump; 811. an ultrasonic generator; 812. an ultrasonic transducer; 813. an ultrasonic horn; 814. a clamping handle; 815. an impact tool head; 9. a cryogenic treatment assembly; 91. a liquid nitrogen tank; 92. a cryogenic temperature sensor; 93. a control valve; 94. a cryogenic liquid nitrogen injector head; 95. a controller; 96. a floating ball liquid level controller; 97. a pressure sensor; 98. a metal hose.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present application clearer, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element.

It will be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like, as used herein, refer to an orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings that is solely for the purpose of facilitating the description and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be considered as limiting the present application.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.

Referring to fig. 1, a description will now be given of an apparatus for strengthening an arc additive component by cryogenic shock deformation according to an embodiment of the present application. This adopt cryogenic impact deformation to strengthen device of electric arc vibration material disk component includes: liquid nitrogen pool 1, refrigeration board 2, cryrogenic box 3, base plate 4, motion 5, electric arc vibration material disk mechanism 6, heat preservation subassembly 7, hammering subassembly 8 and cryrogenic processing subassembly 9. The liquid nitrogen tank 1 is filled with liquid nitrogen, the refrigerating plate 2 is arranged at the upper end of the liquid nitrogen tank 1, and the refrigerating plate 2 can be directly refrigerated by the low temperature of the liquid nitrogen tank 1; the deep cooling box body 3 is arranged on the refrigerating plate 2, and the deep cooling box body 3 is used for reducing the heat exchange efficiency between the inside of the deep cooling box body 3 and the outside and ensuring the stability of deep cooling temperature; the base plate 4 is arranged on the refrigerating plate 2 in the deep cooling box body 3; the moving mechanism 5 is arranged above the substrate 4, and the arc additive mechanism 6 is used for forming an arc deposition layer 64 on the substrate 4 according to the preset shape of a workpiece; the heat preservation assembly 7 is arranged on the movement mechanism 5 and is used for carrying out deep cooling heat preservation on the hammering assembly 8; the hammering component 8 is arranged on the moving mechanism 5 and is used for carrying out deep cooling impact deformation on the arc deposition layer 64; the movement mechanism 5 can drive the heat preservation assembly 7 and the hammering assembly 8 to enter and exit the deep cooling box body 3; the cryogenic treatment assembly 9 is used to inject nitrogen gas into the cryogenic tank 3 to cryogenically treat the arc deposition layer 64.

In this embodiment, directly transmit the low temperature of liquid nitrogen pool 1 for base plate 4 through refrigeration board 2, improved the efficiency of cryrogenic processing like this and the homogeneity of temperature in the 3 cryogenic box, just can accomplish the formation of electric arc deposit layer 64 and cryrogenic impact deformation simultaneously in the cryogenic box, need not to shift electric arc deposit layer 64 between different devices for work piece manufacturing process is efficient, response speed is fast, satisfies green requirement.

In this embodiment, cryrogenic box 3 includes skin and inlayer, and the skin is made for the cold-rolled steel sheet material, and the inlayer is made for the stereoplasm high density polyurethane foaming heat preservation through flame retardant treatment, and 3 welding of cryrogenic box are on refrigeration board 2, have guaranteed the leakproofness and the heat preservation effect of cryrogenic box 3 like this.

In this embodiment, refrigeration board 2 is the brass board, and the heat conductivity of brass material is stronger, can transmit the super low temperature of below liquid nitrogen bath 1 to in the cryogenic box 3 fast to improve the effect of cryogenic treatment. The outside of liquid nitrogen pool 1 is equipped with the heat preservation, and the heat preservation adopts polyurethane material to add vacuum insulation board to the temperature in the liquid nitrogen pool 1 can be guaranteed and is in the ultra-low temperature state.

In the present embodiment, the cryogenic tank 3 is a rectangular frame structure, and a tank cover 31 is hinged to the upper end of the cryogenic tank 3, and the tank cover 31 is driven to open or close by a motor 32. The two cover 31 are provided, the two covers 31 are split, and the two motors 32 are also provided. The box cover 31 has the function of ensuring that the temperature in the deep cooling box body 3 is in a low-temperature state, and increasing the heat preservation capacity so as to reduce the nitrogen consumption and save the cost.

In the present embodiment, the arc additive mechanism 6 includes a six-axis robot 61, a welding gun 62 provided on the six-axis robot 61, and a wire feeder 63. The welding torch 62 and the wire feeder 63 are used to form an arc deposition layer 64 on the substrate 4, and the six-axis robot 61 is used to precisely realize the shape of the workpiece on the substrate 4 and to drive the welding torch 62 and the wire feeder 63 out of the cryogenic tank 3. The wire feeder 63 and the welding gun 62 are conventional in construction and the construction and operation thereof will not be described in detail herein.

In the present embodiment, the heat retention unit 7 includes a heat retention temperature sensor 71 and a heat retention liquid nitrogen injection head 72 provided on the movement mechanism 5. Heat preservation temperature sensor 71 is used for responding to hammering subassembly 8's temperature, and heat preservation liquid nitrogen injection head 72 is used for carrying out cryrogenic heat preservation to hammering subassembly 8 carries out cryrogenic impact to electric arc deposition layer 64. The moving mechanism 5 is a robot arm or a lifting sling or other structures.

In the present embodiment, cryogenic treatment assembly 9 includes a liquid nitrogen tank 91, a cryogenic temperature sensor 92, a control valve 93, a cryogenic liquid nitrogen spray head 94, and a controller 95. Wherein, cryrogenic temperature sensor 92 and cryrogenic liquid nitrogen injector head 94 all locate on the lateral wall of cryrogenic box 3, and controller 95 is connected with control valve 93 electricity, and control valve 93 passes through the pipeline and is connected with cryrogenic liquid nitrogen injector head 94 and liquid nitrogen container 91 respectively. In this embodiment, the thermal liquid nitrogen injection head 72 is also connected to the liquid nitrogen tank 91 through a hose line. The controller 95 and the control valve 93 are used to control the nitrogen spray operation state of the cryogenic liquid nitrogen spray head 94. In this embodiment, a plurality of cryogenic temperature sensors 92 and a plurality of cryogenic liquid nitrogen spray heads 94 are uniformly arranged on each side wall of the cryogenic tank 3, so that the uniformity of the temperature field distribution in the cryogenic tank 3 can be greatly improved. Meanwhile, the cryogenic liquid nitrogen injection head 94 can gasify liquid nitrogen, and the cryogenic treatment by a gas method can obtain higher cooling efficiency and more uniform temperature distribution, so that the uniformity of the cryogenic deformation temperature of the workpiece is improved.

Specifically, a floating ball liquid level controller 96 and a pressure sensor 97 are arranged in the liquid nitrogen pool 1, and the liquid nitrogen pool 1 is communicated with the liquid nitrogen tank 91 through a metal hose 98. When the floating ball liquid level controller 96 and the pressure sensor 97 sense that the amount of liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen pool 1 is lower than a set value, the feedback signal enables the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen tank 91 to be supplemented into the liquid nitrogen pool 1 through the metal hose 98, and therefore the refrigerating effect of the liquid nitrogen pool 1 on the refrigerating plate 2 is guaranteed. The floating ball liquid level controller 96 is composed of a floating ball and a rocker, a base box is arranged on one side of the upper end of the liquid nitrogen pool 1, the floating ball liquid level controller 96 is fixed in the base box and used for monitoring the amount of liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen pool 1, and a pressure signal received by the pressure sensor 97 enables the liquid nitrogen storage tank to release the liquid nitrogen into the liquid nitrogen pool 1 through the metal hose 98. The floating ball liquid level controller 96 can accurately control the content of liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen pool 1, and improve the uniformity and consistency of temperature in the cryogenic deformation process. The specific implementation mode is as follows: there is floater liquid level controller 96 liquid nitrogen pool 1 top, and when the liquid nitrogen volume in liquid nitrogen pool 1 was not enough, the liquid level of top descended, and the floater sinks, drives the rotatory case lid 31 that strikes the base case of rocker rotation that links firmly, and in case lid 31 transmitted this pressure signal to outside liquid nitrogen container 91 through pressure sensor 97, liquid nitrogen container 91 when receiving this signal, can in time supply the liquid nitrogen to liquid nitrogen pool 1 through the metal collapsible tube 98 that links to each other with liquid nitrogen pool 1. Therefore, the automatic supplement of the liquid nitrogen amount in the liquid nitrogen pool 1 below can be ensured, the arc deposition layer 64 above is always kept in a cryogenic environment, and meanwhile, the base box of the floating ball liquid level controller 96 is welded with the refrigerating plate 2, so that the tightness of the device is ensured, and the liquid nitrogen cannot volatilize in the working process of the device.

As shown in fig. 2, in the first embodiment of the present embodiment, the hammering assembly 8 is a pneumatic hammering assembly, and the pneumatic hammering assembly includes a cavity 81 having a movable cavity, a baffle 82 disposed in the cavity 81, a magnetic piston 83, a spring 84 disposed on the magnetic piston 83, and a hammer 85. The hammer 85 can extend out of the cavity 81, one end of the cavity 81, which is far away from the hammer 85, is connected with a three-way valve 86, an air storage tank 87, a pressure regulating valve 88 and an equipment box 89 through pipelines, the air pump 810 is connected with the air storage tank 87, and the equipment box 89 is electrically connected with the pressure regulating valve 88. In the non-hammering state, the magnetic piston 83 is attracted to the baffle 82 through magnetic force, so that the hammer 85 and the magnetic piston 83 are located at the upper section of the movable chamber, and the spring 84 is used for playing a role in buffering; when equipment box 89 and air pump 810 work, let in compressed air to cavity 81 through gas holder 87 and three-way valve 86, compressed air strikes tup 85 after flowing in, and when pressure was greater than magnetic piston 83's adsorption affinity, tup 85 downstream strikes arc deposit layer 64 fast to the realization strikes the cryrogenic of arc deposit layer 64, so that the cryrogenic plastic forming is accomplished to arc deposit layer 64.

As shown in fig. 3, in the second embodiment of the present embodiment, the hammering assembly 8 is an ultrasonic hammering assembly 8, the ultrasonic hammering assembly 8 includes an ultrasonic generator 811, an ultrasonic transducer 812 and an ultrasonic horn 813, the ultrasonic transducer 812 and the ultrasonic generator 811 are electrically connected, a clamping handle 814 is disposed at the lower end of the ultrasonic horn 813, and an impact tool head 815 is disposed at the lower end of the clamping handle 814. The flexible impact deformation mode of ultrasonic impact can meet the additive impact composite manufacturing of various structural members with complex shapes. Ultrasonic impact is a typical plastic forming and strengthening process, and an ultrasonic transducer 812 and an ultrasonic horn 813 transmit high-frequency vibration of an ultrasonic generator 811 to the surface of a workpiece through an impact tool head 815 to form a plastic deformation layer. The plastic deformation caused by high-frequency vibration can effectively break coarse columnar crystals formed in the electric arc additive process, increase the dislocation density in the material, refine the structure and improve the strength of the material. The movement speed of the heat preservation liquid nitrogen injection head 72 is regulated and controlled by the movement mechanism 5, the heat preservation liquid nitrogen injection head 72 is ensured to be consistent with the movement speed of the impact tool head 815, and the uniform and stable deep cooling impact deformation of the arc deposition layer 64 is realized.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the hammer 85 is a ball head, as shown in fig. 4, the hammer 85 is a female punch, as shown in fig. 5, the hammer 85 is a flat head, and as shown in fig. 6, the hammer is a male punch. The hammer head 85 may be varied according to the shape and deformation depth requirements of the impinging arc deposition layer 64. In this embodiment, the geometry of the impact tool head 815 is the same as that of the hammer head 85, and the specific shape may be tailored according to the shape of the workpiece, and may also include a ball head, a flat punch, a convex punch, or a concave punch.

In this embodiment, the automatic control involved in the device can be performed under the same coordination of the PLC system.

The embodiment also provides a method for strengthening an electric arc additive component by using cryogenic shock deformation, which is based on the device, and comprises the following steps:

s1, constructing a three-dimensional solid model on a computer according to the structure of the workpiece, carrying out hierarchical calculation, section filling and post-processing on the three-dimensional solid model to generate a manufacturing code; the manufacturing code is input into the PLC system, and the PLC system is utilized to control the working states of the movement mechanism 5, the heat preservation assembly 7, the electric arc material adding mechanism 6, the hammering assembly 8 and the cryogenic treatment assembly 9;

s2, polishing the substrate 4, removing oxides on the surface of the substrate 4 by using an angle grinder, wiping the substrate with acetone, and fixing the substrate on a refrigerating plate 2 arranged on a liquid nitrogen pool 1; the substrate 4 is made of aluminum alloy materials, and the substrate 4 is fixed on the refrigerating plate 2 through a clamp 21;

s3, the cryogenic treatment component 9 works to enable the interior of the cryogenic tank 3 to be at a cryogenic temperature; the cryogenic liquid nitrogen injection head 94 injects nitrogen into the cryogenic tank 3, and the tank cover 31 on the cryogenic tank 3 is in a closed state at this time, so that nitrogen loss, temperature loss and the like are prevented;

s4, the arc additive mechanism 6 forming an arc deposition layer 64 on the substrate 4 according to the manufacturing code obtained in step S1; before the arc deposition layer 64 is formed by the arc additive mechanism 6, the box cover 31 is opened through the motor 32, the six-axis robot 61 drives the welding gun 62 and the wire moving mechanism to enter the deep cooling box body 3, the included angle between the central axis of the welding gun 62 and the substrate 4 is adjusted through the six-axis robot 61, an arc is started at one end of the substrate 4, and the first arc deposition layer 64 is manufactured;

s5, performing cryogenic treatment on the hammering assembly 8 by the heat preservation assembly 7 while performing the step 4; the heat preservation liquid nitrogen injection head 72 carries out deep cooling on the hammer head 85 or the impact tool head 815, and confirms whether the deep cooling temperature meets the requirement or not through the heat preservation temperature sensor 71;

s6, after the first arc deposition layer 64 is finished, the arc material adding mechanism 6 is moved out of the deep cooling box body 3, the moving mechanism 5 drives the heat preservation assembly 7 and the hammering assembly 8 to enter the deep cooling box body 3, and the hammering assembly 8 conducts multiple times of deep cooling impact on the surface of the formed arc deposition layer 64 until the preset requirement is met;

s7, after the movement mechanism 5 drives the heat preservation assembly 7 and the hammering assembly 8 to leave the deep cooling box body 3, the box cover 31 is closed, the deep cooling treatment assembly 9 carries out deep cooling to realize the uniformity of the deep cooling temperature, the electric arc material adding mechanism 6 forms a new electric arc deposition layer 64 on the base plate 4 again according to the manufacturing code obtained in the step S1, then the step S5 and the step S6 are repeated, the step S7 is circulated, and the preset workpiece shape is obtained in a layer-by-layer accumulation mode.

In the embodiment, the welding current of the welding gun 62 is 1A-300A, the moving speed of the welding gun 62 is 1-15mm/s, and the wire feeding speed is 1-15 m/min.

In the embodiment, the temperature of the cryogenic treatment is-196 ℃ to-100 ℃; the distance between the hammer head 85 or the impact tool head 815 of the hammering component 8 and a workpiece is 0.5-2mm, the radius of the hammer head 85 or the impact tool head 815 is 1-8mm, the oscillation frequency is 0-220Hz, the feeding speed is 0-1000mm/min, the impact pressure is 0-1MPa, the punching frequency is 1-4 times, and the offset distance between paths is 0-4 mm.

In the embodiment, the arc deposition layer 64 is manufactured in a cryogenic environment, the cryogenic deformation is utilized to facilitate accumulation of a large amount of deformation energy, grain refinement can be promoted by inhibiting dislocation motion at ultralow temperature, meanwhile, the strength and toughness of the material are improved, and the mechanical property higher than that of room-temperature deformation is obtained. The device structural design is reasonable, and is easy and simple to handle, and degree of automation is high, and the suitability is strong. Compared with the traditional cryogenic treatment, the device connects the material increase workbench (the refrigerating plate 2) with the cryogenic box body 3, reduces the transfer time of the arc deposition layer 64 between different devices, has high efficiency and high response speed in the manufacturing process, and meets the requirements of green environmental protection.

The above description is only exemplary of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.