阅读说明：本技术 一种用于3d标准零件的快速排样方法 (Rapid stock layout method for 3D standard part ) 是由 薛磊 陈利敏 姜道银 于 2021-07-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及自动化技术领域,具体是一种用于3D标准零件的快速排样方法,包括预处理：预先获取管件长度和零件池中不同类型的各零件参数；成组优化：优选数量较多的同类型零件,判断该类型中所述零件的数量是否可以排满所述管件；若是,则按尾部优化操作；若否,则按零散零件排样操作；尾部优化：采用逆序动态规划的思想来优化排样的尾部；零散零件排样：采用贪婪算法思想快速排样,输出排样并结束。本方案解决了传统3D排样算法效率低下,无法处理多数量的标准零件的问题,能够在大规模数据情况下节省材料,提高加工效率。(The invention relates to the technical field of automation, in particular to a rapid layout method for 3D standard parts, which comprises the following steps: acquiring the length of a pipe fitting and parameters of various parts of different types in a part pool in advance; optimizing in groups: preferably selecting a large number of parts of the same type, and judging whether the number of the parts in the type can be fully arranged in the pipe fitting; if yes, optimizing operation according to the tail part; if not, performing sample arrangement operation according to scattered parts; tail optimization: optimizing the tail of the stock layout by adopting the thought of reverse order dynamic programming; and (3) sample arrangement of scattered parts: and (5) quickly stock layout by adopting a greedy algorithm idea, outputting the stock layout and finishing. The scheme solves the problem that a large number of standard parts cannot be processed under the condition of low efficiency of the traditional 3D layout algorithm, can save materials under the condition of large-scale data, and improves the processing efficiency.)

1. A method for rapid layout of 3D master parts, comprising:

step (1) pretreatment: acquiring the length of a pipe fitting and parameters of various parts of different types in a part pool in advance;

and (2) optimizing in groups: preferably selecting the parts of the same type with the largest number, and judging whether the number of the parts in the type can be fully arranged in the pipe fitting; if yes, operating according to the step (3); if not, operating according to the step (4);

and (3) tail optimization: optimizing the tail of the stock layout by adopting the thought of reverse order dynamic programming;

step (4), sample arrangement of scattered parts: and (5) quickly stock layout by adopting a greedy algorithm idea, outputting the stock layout and finishing.

2. The method for rapidly stock layout of 3D standard parts according to claim 1, further comprising the step (5) of removing parts in groups, and continuing to operate according to the step (2) on the parts processed in the step (3).

3. The method for rapid layout of 3D standard parts according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) of tail optimization comprises the steps of:

a. judging whether local optimization is carried out or not, if so, operating according to the step b; if not, operating according to the step c;

b. calculating the loss after the current part is discharged, abandoning the tail part of the original stock layout, adding a new part, and calculating whether the loss is reduced or not; if yes, recording a new layout; if not, circulating the step a;

c. judging whether the stock layout needs to be updated or not, if so, outputting a new stock layout and finishing; if not, outputting the original sample and finishing.

4. The method for rapid layout of 3D standard parts according to claim 3, wherein the local optimization in step a is to determine whether there are parts to be discarded in the original layout.

5. The method for rapid layout of 3D standard parts according to claim 3, wherein the loss in step b is the number of remnants of the pipe under the current layout scheme.

6. The method for rapid layout of 3D master parts according to claim 1, wherein the step (4) of scattered part layout comprises the steps of:

a. judging whether the current stock layout exceeds the total length of the pipe fitting, if so, operating according to the step (3); if not, operating according to the step b;

b. and c, discharging the part which is most matched with the front part angle, and circulating the step a.

7. The method for rapid layout of 3D standard parts according to claim 6, wherein the part most suitable for the front part angle in step b is specifically a part which is searched for the rest part pool and is closest to the right inclination angle of the front part; if the stock layout is empty, when no front part is present, the angle is set to 0 °.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of automation, in particular to a rapid layout method for 3D standard parts.

Background

Laser cutting is to irradiate a workpiece with a focused high-power-density laser beam to quickly melt, vaporize and ablate the irradiated material or reach a burning point, and simultaneously blow off the molten material by means of a high-speed airflow coaxial with the beam, thereby realizing the cutting of the workpiece. Laser cutting equipment typically employs Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) devices. With this device, cutting data can be received from a Computer Aided Design (CAD) workstation using a telephone line. The problem of stock layout has been an important and difficult problem in the field of laser cutting. Particularly for 3D parts, an effective stock layout method can greatly improve the utilization rate of materials, reduce the production cost and ensure the quality of workpieces.

The 3D layout problem is essentially a combinatorial optimization problem that requires us to assign parts to the tubes in an order and arrange the layout appropriately to maximize the utility of the tube container. However, when a large number of parts are faced by the conventional stock layout method, the time consumption is high, and the stock layout precision is not enough. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a fast material saving layout for 3D standard parts.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art, provides a quick layout method for 3D standard parts, and solves the problem that a large number of standard parts cannot be processed under the condition of low efficiency of a traditional 3D layout algorithm.

The above purpose is realized by the following technical scheme:

a rapid layout method for 3D standard parts comprises the following steps:

step (1) pretreatment: acquiring the length of a pipe fitting and parameters of various parts of different types in a part pool in advance;

and (2) optimizing in groups: preferably selecting the parts of the same type with the largest number, and judging whether the number of the parts in the type can be fully arranged in the pipe fitting; if yes, operating according to the step (3); if not, operating according to the step (4);

and (3) tail optimization: optimizing the tail of the stock layout by adopting the thought of reverse order dynamic programming;

step (4), sample arrangement of scattered parts: and (5) quickly stock layout by adopting a greedy algorithm idea, outputting the stock layout and finishing.

Further, the method also comprises the step (5) of removing parts in groups, and the parts processed in the step (3) are continuously operated according to the step (2).

Further, the step (3) of tail optimization comprises the following steps:

a. judging whether local optimization is carried out or not, if so, operating according to the step b; if not, operating according to the step c;

b. calculating the loss after the current part is discharged, abandoning the tail part of the original stock layout, adding a new part, and calculating whether the loss is reduced or not; if yes, recording a new layout; if not, circulating the step a;

c. judging whether the stock layout needs to be updated or not, if so, outputting a new stock layout and finishing; if not, outputting the original sample and finishing.

Further, the local optimization in the step a is to specifically judge whether parts can be discarded or not in the original stock layout scheme.

Further, the loss in the step b is specifically the surplus material number of the pipe fitting under the current stock layout scheme.

Further, the step (4) of discharging the scattered parts comprises the following steps:

a. judging whether the current stock layout exceeds the total length of the pipe fitting, if so, operating according to the step (3); if not, operating according to the step b;

b. and c, discharging the part which is most matched with the front part angle, and circulating the step a.

Further, the part most suitable for the angle of the front part in the step b is specifically a part which is searched for the rest part pool and is closest to the right inclination angle of the front part; if the stock layout is empty, when no front part is present, the angle is set to 0 °.

Advantageous effects

According to the rapid layout method for the 3D standard parts, provided by the invention, the problem that a large number of standard parts cannot be processed under the condition of low efficiency of a traditional 3D layout algorithm is solved, materials can be saved under the condition of large-scale data, and the processing efficiency is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a rapid layout method for 3D standard parts according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of tail optimization of a rapid layout method for 3D standard parts according to the invention;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the scattered part layout of the rapid layout method for 3D standard parts according to the invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures and examples. The described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, a rapid layout method for 3D standard parts includes the following steps:

step (1) pretreatment: acquiring parameters of different types of parts in a pipe fitting length and a part pool in advance (the parameters comprise the length of the parts, the left-right inclination angle and the number of the parts);

and (2) optimizing in groups: preferably selecting the parts of the same type with the largest number, and judging whether the number of the parts in the type can be fully arranged in the pipe fitting; if yes, operating according to the step (3); if not, operating according to the step (4);

and (3) tail optimization: optimizing the tail of the stock layout by adopting the thought of reverse order dynamic programming;

step (4), sample arrangement of scattered parts: and (5) quickly stock layout by adopting a greedy algorithm idea, outputting the stock layout and finishing.

The scheme also comprises a step (5) of removing parts in groups, and the parts processed in the step (3) are continuously operated according to the step (2). This step is used to address this situation because after the group optimization, some parts may be deleted from the remaining parts pool and some parts may be added to the remaining parts pool from the already-exhausted pipes.

In this embodiment, as a specific description of step (2), the following is made:

a layout may involve many of the same types of parts that may be pre-processed before entering the algorithm to reduce time complexity.

First, because these parts are of the same type, the tandem arrangement minimizes local losses, so we splice these same type parts back and forth (requiring registration of the flip-back and turn-left-right states of each part) until one pipe or part of that type is used up, i.e.:

(1) a plurality of materials of the same type are available, and one pipe can not be arranged;

(2) the same type of materials are less, and one pipe is arranged without being used.

For case (1), we will perform tail optimization on the layout at this time (see step (3)).

For case (2), we will look at these parts as single parts and perform the subsequent single part layout (see step (4)) to further improve the accuracy of the results.

The preliminary preprocessing can enable a better initial solution to be possessed, the iteration times are reduced, and the solution space is compressed.

As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the tail optimization in step (3) includes the following steps:

a. judging whether local optimization is carried out or not, if so, operating according to the step b; if not, operating according to the step c; the local optimization specifically comprises the steps of judging whether parts can be abandoned or not in the original stock layout scheme;

b. calculating the loss after the current part is discharged, abandoning the tail part of the original stock layout, adding a new part, and calculating whether the loss is reduced or not; if yes, recording a new layout; if not, circulating the step a; the loss is specifically the excess material number of the pipe fitting under the current stock layout scheme;

c. judging whether the stock layout needs to be updated or not, if so, outputting a new stock layout and finishing; if not, outputting the original sample and finishing.

As a specific description of step (3), the following is made:

for the preliminary scheme obtained under the condition (1) that a plurality of materials of the same type are arranged in the step (2) and one pipe cannot be arranged, the tail part of the stock layout is optimized by adopting the idea of reverse order dynamic programming so as to improve the utilization rate.

Specifically, we try to eliminate the part from the last part that has been ranked, and replace it if the utilization increases, otherwise continue to search for other parts until all parts are considered. Next, we consider removing the penultimate part and search for a more suitable part among the candidate parts until the total length of the removed part considered is greater than the longest of the candidate parts.

As shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the step (4) of discharging the parts in a scattered manner includes the following steps:

a. judging whether the current stock layout exceeds the total length of the pipe fitting, if so, operating according to the step (3); if not, operating according to the step b;

b. and c, discharging the part which is most matched with the front part angle, and circulating the step a. The part most fitting the angle of the front part is specifically a part which is searched for the rest part pool and is closest to the right inclination angle of the front part; if the stock layout is empty, when no front part is present, the angle is set to 0 °.

As a specific description of step (4), the following is made:

c. we select a greedy idea, quick layout. And (3) for the condition (2) of the step 2, the same type of materials are less, a pipe is arranged when not used, and the obtained discrete parts are arranged by selecting the part closest to the right inclination angle of the front part (when no front part exists, the inclination angle is 0 degree) to be arranged into the pipe until the pipe is fully arranged. Then, the optimized layout tail part of the step 3 is carried out on the pipe until all parts are completely arranged. In general, the fast stock layout method can handle a large number of 3D parts very well, with very fast speed.

Experiments prove that the rapid layout algorithm can finish the layout of tens of thousands of standard parts within 3ms, and the layout scheme is greatly improved compared with the traditional scheme.

This example considers 5 different types of parts, with experimental part parameters as in table 1:

TABLE 1 Experimental part parameters

The efficiency of rapid stock layout is considered at different orders of magnitude of parts, and some experimental results are shown in table 2:

TABLE 2 partial experimental results

In the case of orders of magnitude smaller, the fast stock layout is not much different from the conventional method, such as 341 pipes in the second group 2302. With the increasing of the magnitude, the rapid stock layout has a faster stock layout speed and a better precision at the same time, for example, under the condition of a stock layout experiment of 32001 parts in the fourth group, the rapid stock layout obtains 1508 root canal stock layout within 3 ms; the traditional method needs 1554 pipes for sample preparation and needs nearly 3 seconds. The scheme solves the problem that a large number of standard parts cannot be processed under the condition that the efficiency of the traditional 3D layout algorithm is low. In general, rapid layout can save materials and improve processing efficiency under the condition of large-scale data.

The above description is for the purpose of illustrating embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.