Additive manufacturing equipment and method for isometric crystal component forming
阅读说明：本技术 一种用于等轴晶构件成型的增材制造设备以及方法 (Additive manufacturing equipment and method for isometric crystal component forming ) 是由 赵豪 胡俊 陈国超 毕云杰 于 2021-08-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种用于等轴晶构件成型的增材制造设备以及方法,该增材制造设备包括激光打印模块、轧制模块和实时检测模块；所述激光打印模块包括熔覆头、打印驱动机构和用于调节熔覆头的姿态的熔覆姿态调整机构,所述熔覆姿态调整机构设置在打印驱动机构上,该熔覆姿态调整机构包括熔覆竖向调整机构和熔覆旋转调整机构,所述熔覆头设置在熔覆竖向调整机构上；所述轧制模块包括轧辊,所述轧辊设置在打印驱动机构上；所述实时检测模块包括压力检测模块和温度检测模块,所述压力检测模块与控制模块电连接,所述控制模块与熔覆姿态调整机构电连接。本发明能够调节轧制的相对加工位置或姿态,可以获得性能可靠的等轴晶,有效提高增材制造产品的质量。(The invention discloses an additive manufacturing device and method for isometric crystal component forming, wherein the additive manufacturing device comprises a laser printing module, a rolling module and a real-time detection module; the laser printing module comprises a cladding head, a printing driving mechanism and a cladding posture adjusting mechanism for adjusting the posture of the cladding head, the cladding posture adjusting mechanism is arranged on the printing driving mechanism and comprises a cladding vertical adjusting mechanism and a cladding rotary adjusting mechanism, and the cladding head is arranged on the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism; the rolling module comprises a roller, and the roller is arranged on the printing driving mechanism; the real-time detection module comprises a pressure detection module and a temperature detection module, the pressure detection module is electrically connected with the control module, and the control module is electrically connected with the cladding posture adjusting mechanism. The invention can adjust the relative processing position or posture of rolling, can obtain the isometric crystal with reliable performance, and effectively improves the quality of the additive manufacturing product.)
1. The additive manufacturing equipment for forming the isometric crystal component is characterized by comprising a laser printing module, a rolling module and a real-time detection module;
the laser printing module comprises a cladding head, a printing driving mechanism for driving the cladding head to move and a cladding posture adjusting mechanism for adjusting the posture of the cladding head, wherein the cladding posture adjusting mechanism is arranged on the printing driving mechanism and comprises a cladding vertical adjusting mechanism, and the cladding head is arranged on the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism;
the rolling module comprises a roller, and the roller is arranged on the printing driving mechanism;
the real-time detection module comprises a pressure detection module for detecting the rolling pressure of the roller, the pressure detection module is electrically connected with the control module, and the control module is electrically connected with the cladding posture adjusting mechanism.
2. The additive manufacturing apparatus for forming of isometric crystal members according to claim 1, wherein the real-time detection module further comprises a temperature detection module for detecting a molten pool under the roll, the temperature detection module being electrically connected to the control module.
3. The additive manufacturing apparatus for forming an isometric crystal member of claim 1 wherein the cladding attitude adjustment mechanism further comprises a cladding rotation adjustment mechanism disposed on the cladding vertical adjustment mechanism and the cladding head is disposed on the cladding rotation adjustment mechanism.
4. The additive manufacturing apparatus for molding of an isometric crystal member according to claim 1, wherein the rollers are arranged on a connecting rod, the bottom end of the connecting rod is connected with the rollers, and the top end of the connecting rod is connected with the printing driving mechanism through the pressure detection module.
5. The additive manufacturing apparatus for isometric crystal member molding according to claim 1, wherein the printing drive mechanism comprises a printing transverse drive mechanism, a printing vertical drive mechanism, and a printing rotary drive mechanism, the printing rotary drive mechanism being disposed on the printing vertical drive mechanism, the printing vertical drive mechanism being disposed on the printing transverse drive mechanism;
the printing transverse driving mechanism comprises a printing transverse driving motor and a printing transverse transmission assembly, and the printing transverse driving motor is fixedly arranged on the printer frame; the printing transverse transmission assembly comprises a printing transverse screw rod and a printing transverse screw nut, and the printing vertical driving mechanism is connected with the printing transverse screw nut through a printing transverse moving frame.
6. The additive manufacturing apparatus for isometric crystal member molding according to claim 5, wherein the printing vertical driving mechanism comprises a printing vertical driving motor and a printing vertical transmission assembly, and the printing vertical driving motor is fixedly arranged on the printing transverse moving frame; the printing vertical transmission assembly comprises a printing vertical screw rod and a printing vertical screw nut, and the printing rotary driving mechanism is connected with the printing vertical screw nut through a vertical moving frame.
7. The additive manufacturing apparatus for isometric crystal member molding according to claim 5, wherein the printing rotary drive mechanism comprises a printing rotary drive motor, an output shaft of which is fixedly connected with the mounting plate; the rotating plane of the printing rotation driving motor is parallel to the horizontal plane;
the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism and the roller are fixedly arranged on the mounting plate.
8. The additive manufacturing apparatus for shaping an isometric crystal member according to claim 1, further comprising a carrier drive mechanism for driving the worktable to move, wherein the carrier drive mechanism comprises a carrier transverse drive mechanism and a carrier rotary drive mechanism, and the carrier rotary drive mechanism is arranged on the carrier transverse drive mechanism.
9. An additive manufacturing method for forming an isometric crystal member is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) importing a model of a component to be printed into processing software, and designing a processing track, wherein the processing track comprises a rolling adjustment section and a formal construction section; setting technological parameters including rolling pressure;
(2) starting a laser printing module and a powder feeding module; the powder feeding module conveys powder to a cladding head, and the powder is melted under the action of laser;
(3) according to the set processing track, the printing driving mechanism drives the cladding head and the roller to move on the workbench; the roller is rolled along with the cladding head;
(4) in the processing process of the rolling adjustment section, the rolling force is detected in real time through a pressure detection module;
when the real-time rolling force is larger than the preset rolling force, the control module sends a corresponding adjusting instruction, the printing driving mechanism drives the roller and the cladding head to synchronously ascend for a certain distance, and the rolling force acting on the material in the forming area is reduced, so that the real-time rolling force is equal to the preset rolling force; the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism drives the cladding head to move downwards for the same distance, so that the height of the laser focus of the cladding head from the printing plane is ensured to be unchanged;
when the real-time rolling force is smaller than the preset rolling force, the control module sends a corresponding adjusting instruction, the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism drives the cladding head to move upwards for a certain distance, the printing driving mechanism drives the roller and the cladding head to synchronously descend for the same distance, and the rolling force acting on the material in the forming area is increased, so that the real-time rolling force is equal to the preset rolling force;
(5) after finishing the processing of the rolling adjusting section, performing material additive processing of the formal construction section according to the adjusted processing;
(6) and after the printing of the formal construction section is finished, the staff carries out the pickup and the subsequent treatment.
10. The additive manufacturing method for isometric crystal member formation according to claim 9, wherein in step (4), the rolling temperature is detected in real time by the temperature detection module during the machining of the rolling adjustment section;
when the real-time rolling temperature is higher than the preset rolling temperature, the control module sends out a corresponding adjusting instruction; the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism drives the cladding head to move upwards for a certain distance, and the cladding rotary adjusting mechanism drives the cladding head to rotate for a certain angle in the direction away from the roller, so that the horizontal distance between the laser focus of the cladding head and the center of the roller is increased, and the rolling temperature is reduced;
when the real-time rolling temperature is lower than the preset rolling temperature, the control module sends out a corresponding adjustment instruction; the cladding rotary adjusting mechanism drives the cladding head to rotate by a certain angle in the direction close to the roller, and the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism drives the cladding head to move downwards by a certain distance, so that the horizontal distance between the laser focus of the cladding head and the center of the roller is reduced, and the rolling temperature is increased.
Technical Field
The invention relates to an additive manufacturing device and method, in particular to an additive manufacturing device and method for isometric crystal component forming.
Background
The metal additive manufacturing technology comprises the steps of layering a three-dimensional CAD model, converting three-dimensional information of a part into two-dimensional information, melting and accumulating metal materials layer by layer according to layered slice information by means of laser, electron beams, plasma and the like, and achieving rapid manufacturing of the three-dimensional model. Compared with the traditional material reducing and material waiting processing modes, the metal additive manufacturing technology shortens the product research and development period, reduces the material cost, and can realize the integrated forming of complex parts, thereby being widely applied to the fields of aviation, military industry, energy sources and the like. The metal additive manufacturing technology can be mainly divided into a powder laying type and a powder feeding type/wire feeding type according to the working principle, the powder laying type technology is mainly used for forming small and medium-sized complex components, particularly precise components with complex internal structures, and the powder feeding type/wire feeding type technology is mainly used for forming large-sized bearing components and also can be used for repairing industrial parts. Among the powder feeding type/wire feeding type technologies, the Direct Laser Deposition (DLD) technology has a great advantage in the fields where large-size member molding is required, such as aerospace, ships, nuclear power, and the like, because of its high molding efficiency, good molding dimensional accuracy and surface quality, and the machined member is hardly limited by the size.
In the direct laser deposition process, the printed member undergoes extremely rapid heating and cooling processes, and the metallic structures of different regions exhibit large temperature gradients during the processes, and thus coarse columnar crystals are formed. Due to the anisotropy of the columnar crystals, the material performance difference is accumulated in the layer-by-layer accumulation process, so that the problems of air holes, microcracks, local residual stress and the like are caused, and the performance of parts is seriously influenced. In the prior art, the microstructure performance is mainly improved through a micro-rolling process and an ultrasonic strengthening process, for example, a micro-casting, forging, milling and grinding in-situ composite metal part manufacturing system and method disclosed in the invention application with the application publication number of CN110076566A and a micro-rolling and ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding device disclosed in the invention application with the application publication number of CN 110643996A.
Although the metal additive manufacturing technology can roll in the forming process to improve the structure performance of parts, the metal additive manufacturing technology cannot adjust the distance between the fused deposition module and the rolling module and cannot adjust the distance at any time according to the process requirements, so that an isometric crystal with reliable performance cannot be formed, and the quality of additive manufactured products is difficult to improve.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the existing problems and provide an additive manufacturing device for forming an isometric crystal component, which can adjust the relative processing position or posture of rolling, can obtain the isometric crystal with reliable performance and effectively improve the quality of an additive manufactured product.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an additive manufacturing method for isometric crystal member molding.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an additive manufacturing device for isometric crystal component forming comprises a laser printing module, a rolling module and a real-time detection module;
the laser printing module comprises a cladding head, a printing driving mechanism for driving the cladding head to move and a cladding posture adjusting mechanism for adjusting the posture of the cladding head, wherein the cladding posture adjusting mechanism is arranged on the printing driving mechanism and comprises a cladding vertical adjusting mechanism, and the cladding head is arranged on the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism;
the rolling module comprises a roller, and the roller is arranged on the printing driving mechanism;
the real-time detection module comprises a pressure detection module for detecting the rolling pressure of the roller, the pressure detection module is electrically connected with the control module, and the control module is electrically connected with the cladding posture adjusting mechanism.
The working principle of the additive manufacturing equipment for forming the isometric crystal component is as follows:
when the method works, a CAD model of a component to be printed is firstly imported into CAM software, and off-line machining track design is carried out, wherein the machining track comprises a rolling adjustment section and a formal construction section; setting technological parameters (including laser power, layering thickness, rolling force, rolling temperature and the like), generating a machining program, performing off-line machining track simulation, and importing a program code into a machine tool control system after confirming that no errors exist.
And (3) mounting the printing substrate on a workbench, and setting the center of the roller to determine the origin of the workpiece. And according to the technological parameter requirements and the types of printing materials, the cladding head is moved to a required position by adjusting the cladding posture adjusting mechanism, and the cladding head posture is calibrated. And then, metal powder is conveyed through a powder feeding module, the powder is conveyed to a cladding head under the protection of inert gas, and then is melted under the action of laser to generate an additive processing track, and meanwhile, a roller rolls along with the cladding head.
In the processing process of the rolling adjustment section, the pressure detection module detects the rolling force in real time, when the real-time rolling force is larger than the preset rolling force, the control module sends out a corresponding adjustment instruction, the printing driving mechanism drives the roller (the cladding head is synchronous) to ascend for a certain distance firstly, so that the real-time rolling force is equal to the preset rolling force, the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism drives the cladding head to move for the same distance downwards, the height of the laser focus of the cladding head from a printing plane is guaranteed to be unchanged, the result is equivalent to increase of the vertical distance between the laser focus of the cladding head and the center of the roller, and the rolling force is reduced. When the real-time rolling force is smaller than the preset rolling force, the control module sends a corresponding adjusting instruction, in order to prevent the cladding head from colliding with the printing plane, the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism drives the cladding head to move upwards for a certain distance, and the printing driving mechanism drives the roller (cladding head synchronization) to descend for the same distance, so that the real-time rolling force is equal to the preset rolling force, namely the vertical distance between the laser focus of the cladding head and the roller center is reduced, and the rolling force is increased.
After finishing the processing of the rolling adjusting section, performing material additive processing of the formal construction section according to the adjusted processing; and after the printing of the formal construction section is finished, the staff carries out the pickup and the subsequent treatment.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the real-time detection module further includes a temperature detection module for detecting a molten pool below the roll, and the temperature detection module is electrically connected to the control module. Through setting up the temperature detection module, the temperature of real-time detection molten bath, if discover unusually, can adjust the relative gesture of roll in real time through cladding gesture guiding mechanism, be favorable to guaranteeing normal processing.
Further, the temperature detection module is an infrared temperature detector, and the infrared temperature detector is arranged on the printing driving mechanism through a mounting plate.
According to a preferable scheme of the invention, the cladding posture adjusting mechanism further comprises a cladding rotation adjusting mechanism, the cladding rotation adjusting mechanism is arranged on the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism, and the cladding head is arranged on the cladding rotation adjusting mechanism. Through the structure, the temperature detection module is aligned to the tissue right below the center of the roller to measure the temperature and simultaneously upload the temperature signal to the control module. When the real-time rolling temperature is higher than the preset rolling temperature, the control module sends a corresponding adjusting instruction, the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism drives the cladding head to move upwards for a certain distance, and the cladding rotary adjusting mechanism drives the cladding head to rotate for a certain angle in the direction away from the roller, so that the horizontal distance between the laser focus of the cladding head and the center of the roller is increased, and the rolling temperature is reduced. When the real-time rolling temperature is lower than the preset rolling temperature, the control module sends a corresponding adjusting instruction, the cladding rotary adjusting mechanism drives the cladding head to rotate for a certain angle in the direction close to the roller, and the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism drives the cladding head to move downwards for a certain distance, so that the horizontal distance between the laser focus of the cladding head and the center of the roller is reduced, and the rolling temperature is increased.
Further, the cladding rotation adjusting mechanism comprises a cladding rotation driving motor, and the cladding head is connected to a driving end of the cladding rotation driving motor through a fixing structure.
According to a preferable scheme of the invention, the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism comprises an adjusting vertical driving motor and an adjusting vertical transmission assembly, and the adjusting vertical transmission assembly comprises an adjusting vertical lead screw and an adjusting vertical lead screw nut.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the roller is disposed on a connecting rod, a bottom end of the connecting rod is connected to the roller, and a top end of the connecting rod is connected to the print driving mechanism through a pressure detecting module. Through above-mentioned structure, in the course of working, the rolling force passes through on roll and the connecting rod transmits pressure detection module, and then pressure detection module detects.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the printing driving mechanism includes a printing transverse driving mechanism, a printing vertical driving mechanism, and a printing rotary driving mechanism, the printing rotary driving mechanism is disposed on the printing vertical driving mechanism, and the printing vertical driving mechanism is disposed on the printing transverse driving mechanism.
Further, the printing transverse driving mechanism comprises a printing transverse driving motor and a printing transverse transmission assembly, and the printing transverse driving motor is fixedly arranged on the printing rack; the printing transverse transmission assembly comprises a printing transverse screw rod and a printing transverse screw nut, and the printing vertical driving mechanism is connected with the printing transverse screw nut through a printing transverse moving frame. Through the structure, the cladding head and the roller can move transversely under the driving of the printing transverse driving motor, and the printing and rolling work can be synchronously carried out.
Further, the printing vertical driving mechanism comprises a printing vertical driving motor and a printing vertical transmission assembly, and the printing vertical driving motor is fixedly arranged on the printing transverse moving frame; the printing vertical transmission assembly comprises a printing vertical screw rod and a printing vertical screw nut, and the printing rotary driving mechanism is connected with the printing vertical screw nut through a vertical moving frame. Through the structure, the cladding head and the roller can move vertically and are close to or far away from the workbench under the driving of the printing vertical driving motor.
Further, the printing rotation driving mechanism comprises a printing rotation driving motor, and an output shaft of the printing rotation driving motor is fixedly connected with the mounting plate; the rotating plane of the printing rotation driving motor is parallel to the horizontal plane;
the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism and the roller are fixedly arranged on the mounting plate. Through the structure, the cladding head and the roller can rotate horizontally under the driving of the printing rotary driving motor, and the printing and rolling work can be synchronously carried out.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus further includes a bearing driving mechanism for driving the worktable to move, the bearing driving mechanism includes a bearing transverse driving mechanism and a bearing rotary driving mechanism, and the bearing rotary driving mechanism is disposed on the bearing transverse driving mechanism.
Furthermore, the driving direction of the bearing transverse driving mechanism is vertical to the driving directions of the printing vertical driving mechanism and the printing transverse driving mechanism, the bearing transverse driving mechanism comprises a bearing transverse driving motor and a bearing transverse transmission assembly, and the bearing transverse driving motor is fixedly arranged on the base; the bearing transverse transmission assembly comprises a bearing transverse screw rod and a bearing transverse screw nut, and the bearing rotary driving mechanism is connected with the bearing transverse screw nut through a bearing transverse moving frame. Through the structure, the workbench can move transversely under the driving of the bearing transverse driving motor, and the cladding head and the roller are matched for working.
Further, the bearing rotary driving mechanism comprises a first rotary driving mechanism and a second rotary driving mechanism, the rotary plane of the first rotary driving mechanism is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the rotary plane of the second rotary driving mechanism is perpendicular to the rotary plane of the first rotary driving mechanism and the driving direction of the printing transverse driving mechanism.
Further, the first rotary driving mechanism comprises a first rotary driving motor, and an output shaft of the first rotary driving motor is connected with the workbench.
Further, the second rotary driving mechanism comprises a second rotary driving motor, and an output shaft of the second rotary driving motor is connected with the rotating arm; the first rotary driving mechanism is arranged on the rotary arm.
Through the structure, the workbench can rotate on the horizontal plane and the vertical plane under the driving of the first rotary driving motor and the second rotary driving motor, and the cladding heads and the roller are matched for working.
An additive manufacturing method for isometric crystal member molding, comprising the following steps:
(1) importing a model of a component to be printed into processing software, and designing a processing track, wherein the processing track comprises a rolling adjustment section and a formal construction section; setting technological parameters including rolling pressure;
(2) starting a laser printing module and a powder feeding module; the powder feeding module conveys powder to a cladding head, and the powder is melted under the action of laser;
(3) according to the set processing track, the printing driving mechanism drives the cladding head and the roller to move on the workbench; the roller is rolled along with the cladding head;
(4) in the processing process of the rolling adjustment section, the rolling force is detected in real time through a pressure detection module;
when the real-time rolling force is larger than the preset rolling force, the control module sends a corresponding adjusting instruction, the printing driving mechanism drives the roller and the cladding head to synchronously ascend for a certain distance, and the rolling force acting on the material in the forming area is reduced, so that the real-time rolling force is equal to the preset rolling force; the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism drives the cladding head to move downwards for the same distance, so that the height of the laser focus of the cladding head from the printing plane is ensured to be unchanged;
when the real-time rolling force is smaller than the preset rolling force, the control module sends a corresponding adjusting instruction, the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism drives the cladding head to move upwards for a certain distance, the printing driving mechanism drives the roller and the cladding head to synchronously descend for the same distance, and the rolling force acting on the material in the forming area is increased, so that the real-time rolling force is equal to the preset rolling force;
(5) after finishing the processing of the rolling adjusting section, performing material additive processing of the formal construction section according to the adjusted processing;
(6) and after the printing of the formal construction section is finished, the staff carries out the pickup and the subsequent treatment.
In a preferable scheme of the invention, in the step (2), before the laser printing module and the powder feeding module are started, the atmosphere circulating module is started to carry out circulating gas washing until the oxygen content in the working environment is reduced to be below a set range.
In a preferable scheme of the invention, in the step (4), the rolling temperature is detected in real time by a temperature detection module in the processing process of the rolling adjustment section;
when the real-time rolling temperature is higher than the preset rolling temperature, the control module sends out a corresponding adjusting instruction; the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism drives the cladding head to move upwards for a certain distance, and the cladding rotary adjusting mechanism drives the cladding head to rotate for a certain angle in the direction away from the roller, so that the horizontal distance between the laser focus of the cladding head and the center of the roller is increased, and the rolling temperature is reduced;
when the real-time rolling temperature is lower than the preset rolling temperature, the control module sends out a corresponding adjustment instruction; the cladding rotary adjusting mechanism drives the cladding head to rotate by a certain angle in the direction close to the roller, and the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism drives the cladding head to move downwards by a certain distance, so that the horizontal distance between the laser focus of the cladding head and the center of the roller is reduced, and the rolling temperature is increased.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the additive manufacturing equipment can adjust the relative processing position or posture of rolling in real time, can obtain the isometric crystal with reliable performance, and effectively improves the quality of additive manufactured products.
2. Through setting up the pressure detection module that can real-time detection rolling force, when real-time rolling force is greater than (is less than) predetermined rolling force, can reduce (increase) rolling force through the distance that risees (reduces) the roll to guarantee that rolling is processed with suitable rolling parameter to obtain out thin isometric crystal tissue.
3. The cladding head and the roller are arranged on the same printing driving mechanism, and the position or the posture of the cladding head is adjusted through the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism, so that the distance between the laser focus of the cladding head and the center of the roller is changed, and the distance between the laser focus of the cladding head and the center of the roller is adjusted according to needs.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of an additive manufacturing apparatus for isometric crystal member molding in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of an additive manufacturing apparatus for isometric crystal member molding according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a cladding head, a rolling module and a real-time detection module according to the present invention.
Fig. 4-6 are front views of a cladding head, a rolling module and a real-time detection module in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a work flow diagram of an additive manufacturing method for isometric crystal member molding in the invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic coordinate diagram of the cladding posture adjusting mechanism of the present invention for adjusting the vertical height.
Fig. 9 is a schematic coordinate diagram of horizontal distance adjustment performed by the cladding posture adjustment mechanism in the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art understand the technical solutions of the present invention well, the following description of the present invention is provided with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
The additive manufacturing equipment for isometric crystal component forming in the embodiment comprises a cooling module, an atmosphere circulating module, a powder feeding module, a work bearing module, a laser printing module, a rolling module and a real-time detection module.
Wherein, the cooling module comprises a water cooling machine (not shown in the figure) for providing circulating cooling, and the specific structure can refer to the prior printing equipment.
The atmosphere circulating module is used for circularly purifying gas in a working environment and reducing the oxygen content in a set range; the specific structure can refer to the existing printing equipment.
The powder feeding module comprises a powder feeder for conveying metal powder to the cladding head 1, and the powder feeder is matched with laser to carry out cladding manufacturing; the specific structure can refer to the existing printing equipment.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the laser printing module includes a laser transmitter, a cladding head 1, a printing driving mechanism for driving the cladding head 1 to move, and a cladding posture adjusting mechanism for adjusting the posture of the cladding head 1, and the laser transmitter transmits laser to the cladding head 1 through an optical fiber; the cladding posture adjusting mechanism is arranged on the printing driving mechanism and comprises a cladding vertical adjusting mechanism and a cladding rotary adjusting mechanism, and the cladding head 1 is arranged on the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism. Specifically, as other structures of the laser printing module in the present embodiment, a printing apparatus in the related art may be referred to.
Referring to fig. 3-6, the cladding rotation adjusting mechanism is arranged on the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism, and the cladding head 1 is arranged on the cladding rotation adjusting mechanism. Further, the cladding rotation adjusting mechanism comprises a cladding rotation driving motor 2(DD motor), and the cladding head 1 is connected to a driving end of the cladding rotation driving motor 2 through a fixing structure.
Referring to fig. 3-6, the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism (linear module) includes an adjusting vertical driving motor 3 and an adjusting vertical transmission assembly, and the adjusting vertical transmission assembly includes an adjusting vertical lead screw and an adjusting vertical lead screw nut. Of course, the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism can also adopt a driving cylinder.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the printing driving mechanism includes a printing transverse driving mechanism, a printing vertical driving mechanism, and a printing rotary driving mechanism, the printing rotary driving mechanism is disposed on the printing vertical driving mechanism, and the printing vertical driving mechanism is disposed on the printing transverse driving mechanism.
Further, the printing transverse driving mechanism comprises a printing transverse driving motor 4 and a printing transverse transmission assembly, and the printing transverse driving motor 4 is fixedly arranged on the printer frame 5; the printing transverse transmission assembly comprises a printing transverse screw rod and a printing transverse screw nut, and the printing vertical driving mechanism is connected with the printing transverse screw nut through a printing transverse moving frame 6. Of course, the printing transverse transmission assembly can also adopt a gear rack structure. Through the structure, the cladding head 1 and the roller 7 can move transversely under the driving of the printing transverse driving motor 4, and the printing and rolling work can be synchronously carried out.
Further, the printing vertical driving mechanism comprises a printing vertical driving motor 8 and a printing vertical transmission assembly, and the printing vertical driving motor 8 is fixedly arranged on the printing transverse moving frame 6; the printing vertical transmission assembly comprises a printing vertical screw rod and a printing vertical screw nut, and the printing rotary driving mechanism is connected with the printing vertical screw nut through a vertical moving frame 9. Of course, the printing vertical transmission assembly can also adopt a gear rack structure. Through the structure, the cladding head 1 and the roller 7 can move vertically and are close to or far away from the workbench 21 under the driving of the printing vertical driving motor 8.
Further, the printing rotary driving mechanism comprises a printing rotary driving motor 10, and an output shaft of the printing rotary driving motor 10 is fixedly connected with the mounting plate 11; the rotation plane of the printing rotation driving motor 10 is parallel to the horizontal plane; the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism and the roller 7 are fixedly arranged on the mounting plate 11. Through the structure, the cladding head 1 and the roller 7 can horizontally rotate under the driving of the printing rotary driving motor 10, and the printing and rolling work can be synchronously carried out. In the present embodiment, the printing rotation drive mechanism does not operate.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the work carrying module includes a work table 21 and a carrying driving mechanism for driving the work table 21 to move, the carrying driving mechanism includes a carrying transverse driving mechanism and a carrying rotary driving mechanism, and the carrying rotary driving mechanism is disposed on the carrying transverse driving mechanism.
Further, the driving direction of the bearing transverse driving mechanism is perpendicular to the driving directions of the printing vertical driving mechanism and the printing transverse driving mechanism, the bearing transverse driving mechanism comprises a bearing transverse driving motor and a bearing transverse transmission assembly, and the bearing transverse driving motor is fixedly arranged on the base 13; the bearing transverse transmission assembly comprises a bearing transverse screw rod and a bearing transverse screw nut, and the bearing rotary driving mechanism is connected with the bearing transverse screw nut through a bearing transverse moving frame 14. Through the structure, the workbench 21 can move transversely under the driving of the bearing transverse driving motor, and the cladding head 1 and the roller 7 are matched for working.
Further, the bearing rotary driving mechanism comprises a first rotary driving mechanism and a second rotary driving mechanism, the rotary plane of the first rotary driving mechanism is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the rotary plane of the second rotary driving mechanism is perpendicular to the rotary plane of the first rotary driving mechanism and the driving direction of the printing transverse driving mechanism. The first rotary drive mechanism includes a first rotary drive motor 15, and an output shaft of the first rotary drive motor 15 is connected to the table 21. The second rotary driving mechanism comprises a second rotary driving motor 16, and an output shaft of the second rotary driving motor 16 is connected with a rotating arm 17; the first rotation driving mechanism is provided on the rotating arm 17. Through the structure, the workbench 21 can rotate on the horizontal plane and the vertical plane under the driving of the first rotary driving motor 15 and the second rotary driving motor 16, and the work of the cladding head 1 and the roller 7 is matched.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the rolling module includes a roller 7, the roller 7 is disposed on a connecting rod 19, the connecting rod 19 is connected to the roller 7 at a bottom end thereof, and is connected to the print driving mechanism at a top end thereof through a pressure detecting module 18. With the above structure, during the machining process, the rolling force is transmitted to the pressure detection module 18 through the roll 7 and the connecting rod 19, and then the pressure detection module 18 detects the rolling force.
Referring to fig. 1-6, the real-time detection module comprises a pressure detection module 18 for detecting the rolling pressure of the roller 7 and a temperature detection module 20 for detecting a molten pool below the roller 7, both the pressure detection module 18 and the temperature detection module 20 are electrically connected with a control module, and the control module is electrically connected with the cladding attitude adjusting mechanism. Specifically, the structure of the control module may refer to a control system of an existing printing apparatus.
Further, the temperature detection module 20 is an infrared temperature detector, and the infrared temperature detector is arranged on the printing driving mechanism through the mounting plate 11. Through setting up temperature detection module 20, the temperature of real-time detection molten bath, if find unusual, can pass through cladding posture adjustment mechanism real-time adjustment roll 7's relative gesture, be favorable to guaranteeing normal processing.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the additive manufacturing apparatus for isometric crystal member molding in the present embodiment operates on the following principle:
when the method works, a CAD model of a component to be printed is firstly imported into CAM software, and off-line machining track design is carried out, wherein the machining track comprises a rolling adjustment section and a formal construction section; setting technological parameters (including laser power, layering thickness, rolling force, rolling temperature and the like), generating a machining program, performing off-line machining track simulation, and importing a program code into a machine tool control system after confirming that no errors exist.
The printing substrate is mounted on a workbench 21, the center of the roller 7 is subjected to tool setting, and the origin of the workpiece is determined. According to the technological parameter requirements and the types of printing materials, the cladding head 1 is moved to a required position by adjusting the cladding posture adjusting mechanism, and the posture of the cladding head 1 is calibrated. And then, metal powder is conveyed through a powder feeding module, the powder is conveyed to the cladding head 1 under the protection of inert gas, then the powder is melted under the action of laser, an additive processing track is generated, and meanwhile, a roller 7 is rolled and rolled along with the cladding head 1.
In the processing process of the rolling adjustment section, the pressure detection module 18 detects the rolling force in real time, when the real-time rolling force is larger than the preset rolling force, the control module sends out a corresponding adjustment instruction, the printing driving mechanism drives the roller 7 (the cladding head 1 is synchronous) to ascend for a certain distance firstly, so that the real-time rolling force is equal to the preset rolling force, the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism drives the cladding head 1 to move downwards for the same distance, the height of the laser focus of the cladding head 1 from a printing plane is ensured to be unchanged, the result is equivalent to increase the vertical distance between the laser focus of the cladding head 1 and the center of the roller 7, and the rolling force is reduced. When the real-time rolling force is smaller than the preset rolling force, the control module sends a corresponding adjusting instruction, in order to prevent the cladding head 1 from colliding with a printing plane, the cladding vertical adjusting mechanism firstly drives the cladding head 1 to move upwards for a certain distance, and the printing driving mechanism then drives the roller 7 (the cladding head 1 is synchronous) to descend for the same distance, so that the real-time rolling force is equal to the preset rolling force, namely the vertical distance between the laser focus of the cladding head 1 and the center of the roller 7 is reduced, and the rolling force is increased.
After finishing the processing of the rolling adjusting section, performing material additive processing of the formal construction section according to the adjusted processing; and after the printing of the formal construction section is finished, the staff carries out the pickup and the subsequent treatment.
Referring to fig. 1-9, the additive manufacturing method for isometric crystal member molding in the present embodiment includes the steps of:
s1: importing the CAD model of the component to be printed into CAM software, designing off-line processing track, and setting technological parameters (including laser power, layering thickness and rolling force F)0Rolling temperature T0And the like), meanwhile, in order to reserve an initial margin, the front m layer is a reserved adjusting layer, the m layer to the Nth layer are actually required machining components, a machining program is generated, off-line machining track simulation is carried out, and program codes are imported into a machine tool control system after the correctness is confirmed.
S2: the printing substrate is mounted on a workbench 21, the center of the roller 7 is subjected to tool setting, and the origin of the workpiece is determined.
S3: controlling a cladding head 1 pose adjusting mechanism in a control system according to the technological parameter requirements and the types of printing materials, presetting the cladding head 1 pose to a required position by adjusting a cladding vertical adjusting mechanism (linear module) and a cladding rotary adjusting mechanism (DD motor), and calibrating the cladding head 1 pose.
S4: and (3) checking that the connection state of each part of the equipment is intact, and the connection state of the circuit gas circuit part is intact, after the check is confirmed to be correct, closing the door of the laser room, opening the atmosphere circulating system, and carrying out circulating gas washing until the oxygen content in the laser room is reduced to be below the specified range (the oxygen content is determined according to different materials).
S5: and starting a water cooler and a powder feeder in the control system, then starting a laser, and clicking to start executing the numerical control machining program.
S6: the powder feeder conveys metal powder to the cladding head 1, the powder is conveyed to the cladding head 1 under the protection of inert gas, then the powder is melted under the action of laser to generate an additive processing track, and meanwhile, the roller 7 rolls along with the cladding head 1.
S7: during the machining process, the pressure detection module 18 monitors the rolling force in real time, if the rolling force F is larger than the preset value>F0(preset value in S1), the control system issues an instruction, and the print driving mechanism first drives the roller 7 (synchronization of the cladding head 1) to rise for a certain distance until the rolling pressure F is satisfied0The moving distance is h1Then the linear module is driven to drive the DD motor to move downwards h1The height of the laser focus of the cladding head 1 from the printing plane is ensured to be unchanged, and the result is equivalent to increasing the vertical distance between the laser focus of the cladding head 1 and the center of the roller 7 and reducing the rolling force, as shown in fig. 5 and 8; if the rolling force F<F0(preset value in S1), the control system sends out an instruction, and in order to prevent the cladding head 1 from colliding with a printing plane, the linear module is driven to drive the DD motor to move upwards h1Then the printing driving mechanism drives the roller 7 again (the cladding head 1 is synchronous) to descend for the same distance until the rolling pressure F is satisfied0The final result is equivalent to reducing the vertical distance between the laser focus of the cladding head 1 and the center of the roller 7 and increasing the rolling force.
S8: in the processing process, the infrared temperature measurement module is aligned with the tissue right below the center of the roller 7 to perform infrared temperature measurement, and simultaneously, the temperature signal is returned to the control system, if the rolling temperature T is lower than the rolling temperature T>T0(the preset value in S1), the control system sends out an instruction to control the linear module to drive the DD motor to move upwards by LAA'to A', then the DD motor rotates clockwise by theta angle to A 'B', thereby increasing the laser focus and the roller of the cladding head 17 horizontal distance between centers (increasing L)BB"), the rolling temperature was lowered, as in fig. 6 and 9; if rolling temperature T<T0(preset value in S1), the control system gives out an instruction, the DD motor rotates anticlockwise by theta angle, and then the linear module moves downwards by LAA' to A, thereby reducing the horizontal distance between the laser focus of the cladding head 1 and the center of the roller 7 (reducing L)BB"), the rolling temperature was increased.
S9: after the rolling pressure and the rolling temperature of the initial m layers are sequentially adjusted in the steps of S7 and S8, the components from the m layer to the N layer are printed, after the printing is finished, the control system sequentially closes all the modules, after the oxygen content in the laser room is increased back to the oxygen content of air, the temperature of the components is reduced to the room temperature, an operator takes out the components and performs post-processing, and the printing work is finished.
Example 2
Unlike embodiment 1, the table of the present embodiment is a rectangular table fixed to a base, and the members are stacked and molded layer by layer on the printing substrate.
In this embodiment, the printing rotary drive mechanism performs rotary work in the absence of the carrying rotary drive mechanism; the rotation function of the roller 7 is started, the printing rotation driving motor 10 works, the roller 7 rotates along with the processing track dynamically, the axis direction of the roller 7 is perpendicular to the processing track, and therefore the cladding head 1 can also move correspondingly according to the fixed installation relation of the mounting plate 11 and the roller 7, and four-axis linkage processing is carried out.
The embodiment is mainly used for forming large-scale components without reverse buckling angles, and is particularly suitable for processing some large-scale bearing components. According to the characteristics of the actual printing workpiece structure, a user can switch the two-axis rotary workbench and the rectangular workbench, so that the equipment has wider application value.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents and are included in the scope of the present invention.