阅读说明：本技术 一种用于水下航行器的高导热锂电池组 (High-heat-conductivity lithium battery pack for underwater vehicle ) 是由 卢丞一 李梦杰 田文龙 毛昭勇 于 2021-08-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：为了解决水下航行器电池舱段的传统散热方案散热效率低且效果不明显,无法在短时间内有效降低电池组的温度的技术问题,本发明提供了一种用于水下航行器的高导热锂电池组。本发明有效利用圆柱形锂电池排布时必然形成的间隙,在这些间隙中填充高导热、绝缘的导热填隙材料,通过该导热材料,可迅速将电池中心热量传导至电池舱段壳体内壁,进而将热量导出至电池舱段外的低温海水中,实现快速降温的目的；由于各圆柱形锂电池周围都充填着导热填隙材料,能够很好的保证温均性；同时,合理利用最内圈圆柱形锂电电池形成的中心间隙,在该中心间隙内设置中心管,中心管内填充高吸热复合材料,能够快速、有效地吸收电池组产生的热量,降低电池组的温度。(The invention provides a high-heat-conductivity lithium battery pack for an underwater vehicle, and aims to solve the technical problems that the traditional heat dissipation scheme of an underwater vehicle battery cabin section is low in heat dissipation efficiency and unobvious in effect, and the temperature of the battery pack cannot be effectively reduced in a short time. According to the invention, gaps inevitably formed when cylindrical lithium batteries are arranged are effectively utilized, and the gaps are filled with high-heat-conduction and insulation heat-conduction gap filling materials, so that the heat of the center of the battery can be quickly conducted to the inner wall of the shell of the battery cabin section through the heat conduction material, and further the heat is conducted to low-temperature seawater outside the battery cabin section, and the purpose of quickly cooling is realized; the heat-conducting gap-filling material is filled around each cylindrical lithium battery, so that the temperature uniformity can be well ensured; meanwhile, a central gap formed by the cylindrical lithium battery at the innermost ring is reasonably utilized, a central tube is arranged in the central gap, and a high heat absorption composite material is filled in the central tube, so that heat generated by the battery pack can be quickly and effectively absorbed, and the temperature of the battery pack is reduced.)

1. A high heat conduction lithium cell group for underwater vehicle which characterized in that:

the battery pack comprises a plurality of battery modules which are arranged in series and/or in parallel along the height direction of the battery;

the single battery module comprises a plurality of cylindrical lithium batteries (3) connected in series and/or in parallel and a battery rack (4) used for bearing and fixing the cylindrical lithium batteries (3); a plurality of circles of cylindrical lithium batteries (3) are arranged from inside to outside;

a central pipe (1) penetrating through each layer of battery module is arranged in a central gap formed by the innermost cylindrical lithium battery (3); the central tube (1) is filled with a high heat absorption composite material;

and the rest gaps formed by the cylindrical lithium battery (3) are filled with high-heat-conduction and insulation heat-conduction gap filling materials.

2. The high thermal conductivity battery pack for an underwater vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: in a single battery module, the cylindrical lithium batteries (3) of each circle are arranged in a regular hexagon arrangement mode.

3. The high thermal conductivity battery pack for an underwater vehicle according to claim 2, wherein: the regular hexagon is specifically arranged in the following mode:

the center of a cross section of the central tube (1) is used as a central point to construct a regular hexagon with the side length of L, wherein L is mx (d + s), d is the diameter of the cylindrical lithium battery (3), and m is the number of battery turns arranged around the central tube (1); s is a gap between two adjacent batteries;

the layer 1 is provided with 6 cylindrical lithium batteries (3), and the circle centers of the 6 cylindrical lithium batteries are respectively superposed with 6 vertexes of the regular hexagon;

the 2 nd layer is provided with 12 cylindrical lithium batteries (3), the circle centers of 6 cylindrical lithium batteries (3) are respectively superposed with 6 vertexes of the regular hexagon, and the circle centers of the other 6 cylindrical lithium batteries (3) are respectively positioned at the middle points of the 6 edges of the regular hexagon;

the layer 3 is provided with 18 cylindrical lithium batteries (3), the circle centers of 6 cylindrical lithium batteries (3) are respectively superposed with 6 vertexes of the regular hexagon, and the circle centers of the other 12 cylindrical lithium batteries (3) are uniformly distributed on 6 edges of the regular hexagon;

by analogy in the following way,

until the battery compartment bodies are arranged to the maximum inscribed regular hexagon of the battery compartment bodies.

4. A high thermal conductivity battery pack for an underwater vehicle according to claim 3, wherein: s 2 mm.

5. A high thermal conductivity battery pack for an underwater vehicle according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the single battery module also comprises a cell management unit (2) for monitoring the state of health of the battery module and controlling the connection and disconnection of the battery module.

6. The lithium high conductivity battery pack for underwater vehicles according to claim 5, characterized in that: the high heat absorption composite material is a paraffin/expanded graphite composite phase change heat storage material or a silicon-based carrier composite phase change heat storage material.

7. The lithium battery pack with high thermal conductivity for underwater vehicles according to claim 5, characterized in that: the heat-conducting gap filling material is metal nitride, non-metal nitride or SiC ceramic.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a high-thermal-conductivity lithium battery pack for an underwater vehicle.

Background

At present, the driving power energy of the underwater vehicle is mainly electric power, and a lithium battery is taken as a representative novel green high-energy power supply, so that the novel green high-energy power supply is gradually applied to the underwater vehicle by virtue of the advantages of high energy measurement, small self-discharge, no memory effect and the like.

Most of the battery cabin sections of the underwater vehicle are cylindrical closed spaces, the underwater volume space constraint degree is high, the requirement on the volumetric specific energy of the battery is strict, and in a high-power working environment, the battery pack discharges continuously with large multiplying power to cause that heat is accumulated rapidly in the cabin body, so that the risk of thermal runaway is easily generated, and the running safety of the vehicle is seriously threatened.

Aiming at the problem of heat dissipation of a battery cabin of an underwater vehicle, a traditional method is that a thermal bridge is established between a battery pack and a cabin shell by adopting a structural design, heat generated by the battery is transferred to the cabin shell through the thermal bridge, and then the heat is transferred to the surrounding low-temperature seawater through the cabin shell, so that the purpose of improving the temperature uniformity of the battery pack is achieved. This scheme can only slowly, limitedly heat conduction, and the radiating efficiency is low and the effect is not obvious, can't effectively reduce the highest temperature of group battery in the short time.

In addition, the battery pack system of the battery cabin section of the current underwater vehicle is low in reliability, and if one battery module fails due to failure, a chain reaction can be caused, so that the failure of the whole battery cabin section is caused, and even the failure of the whole vehicle is caused.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a high-heat-conductivity lithium battery pack for an underwater vehicle, and aims to solve the technical problems that the traditional heat dissipation scheme of an underwater vehicle battery cabin section is low in heat dissipation efficiency and unobvious in effect, and the temperature of the battery pack cannot be effectively reduced in a short time.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a high heat conduction lithium cell group for underwater vehicle, its special character lies in:

the battery pack comprises a plurality of battery modules which are arranged in series and/or in parallel along the height direction of the battery;

the single battery module comprises a plurality of cylindrical lithium batteries connected in series and/or in parallel and a battery rack used for bearing and fixing the cylindrical lithium batteries; a plurality of circles of cylindrical lithium batteries are arranged from inside to outside;

a central pipe penetrating through each layer of battery module is arranged in a central gap formed by the innermost cylindrical lithium battery; filling a high heat absorption composite material in the central pipe;

and the rest gaps formed by the cylindrical lithium battery are filled with high-heat-conductivity and insulating heat-conduction gap filling materials.

Furthermore, in a single battery module, all circles of cylindrical lithium batteries are arranged in a regular hexagon arrangement mode.

Further, the regular hexagon is specifically arranged in the following manner:

constructing a regular hexagon with the side length of L by taking the circle center of the cross section of the central tube as a central point, wherein L is mx (d + s), d is the diameter of the cylindrical lithium battery, and m is the number of battery turns arranged around the central tube; s is a gap between two adjacent batteries;

the 1 st layer is provided with 6 cylindrical lithium batteries, and the circle centers of the 6 cylindrical lithium batteries are respectively superposed with 6 vertexes of the regular hexagon;

the 2 nd layer is provided with 12 cylindrical lithium batteries, wherein the circle centers of 6 cylindrical lithium batteries are respectively superposed with 6 vertexes of the regular hexagon, and the circle centers of the other 6 cylindrical lithium batteries are respectively positioned at the middle points of the 6 edges of the regular hexagon;

the layer 3 is provided with 18 cylindrical lithium batteries, the circle centers of 6 cylindrical lithium batteries are respectively superposed with 6 vertexes of the regular hexagon, and the circle centers of the other 12 cylindrical lithium batteries are uniformly distributed on 6 edges of the regular hexagon;

by analogy in the following way,

until the battery compartment bodies are arranged to the maximum inscribed regular hexagon of the battery compartment bodies.

Further, s is 2 mm.

Further, the single battery module further comprises a cell management unit for monitoring the state of health of the battery module and controlling the connection and disconnection of the battery module.

Further, the high heat absorption composite material is a paraffin/expanded graphite composite phase change heat storage material or a silicon-based carrier composite phase change heat storage material.

Further, the heat-conducting gap filling material is metal nitride, non-metal nitride or SiC ceramic.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the invention, gaps inevitably formed when cylindrical lithium batteries are arranged are effectively utilized, and the gaps are filled with high-heat-conduction and insulation heat-conduction gap filling materials, so that the heat of the center of the battery can be quickly conducted to the inner wall of the shell of the battery cabin section through the heat conduction material, and further the heat is conducted to low-temperature seawater outside the battery cabin section, and the purpose of quickly cooling is realized; the heat-conducting gap-filling material is filled around each cylindrical lithium battery, so that the temperature uniformity can be well ensured; meanwhile, a central gap formed by the cylindrical lithium battery at the innermost ring is reasonably utilized, a central tube is arranged in the central gap, and a high heat absorption composite material is filled in the central tube, so that heat generated by the battery pack can be quickly and effectively absorbed, and the temperature of the battery pack is reduced.

2. The lithium battery pack adopts a redundancy design, consists of a plurality of layers of battery modules connected in series and/or in parallel, and adopts a battery cell management unit (BMU) to intervene in the management of the battery modules, detect the health state of each battery module and cut off the failed battery module in time, so that the overall output of the battery pack system is not influenced when a certain battery module fails, and the reliability of the battery pack system is improved.

3. According to the invention, each circle of lithium batteries are arranged in a regular hexagon manner, so that each section space of the battery compartment section is fully utilized, the utilization rate of the cross section of the battery compartment section is improved, and the integral energy density of the battery pack system is ensured.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an embodiment of a battery pack according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a battery pack according to the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1-a central tube; 2-a cell management unit; 3-a cylindrical lithium battery; 4-a battery holder; 5-first layer lithium battery.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the high thermal conductivity lithium battery pack for an underwater vehicle provided by the invention comprises a plurality of layers of battery modules, wherein the battery modules are connected in series and/or in parallel and are sequentially arranged along the height direction of the battery.

The single-layer battery module comprises a plurality of cylindrical lithium batteries 3 connected in series and/or in parallel, two battery racks 4 and a battery cell management unit 2; the cylindrical lithium battery 3 is arranged for a plurality of circles from the center of the battery cabin body to the direction of the outer wall; the battery frame 4 is used for bearing and fixing the cylindrical lithium battery 3; the end face of the battery rack 4 is provided with positioning holes, and each cylindrical lithium battery 3 is fixed through the positioning holes; the battery core management unit 2 is used for monitoring the health state of the battery module, and if the battery module is detected to have low voltage (lower than normal working voltage) and high temperature (higher than upper limit of working temperature range) failure, the connection between the battery module and other battery modules is automatically cut off, the power supply of other battery modules is not affected, and the chain failure reaction caused by the individual failure of a certain layer of battery module is avoided.

For each layer of the battery module, the cylindrical lithium batteries 3 are arranged with gaps formed therebetween,

a central pipe 1 is arranged in a central gap formed by an innermost cylindrical lithium battery 3, the central pipe 1 penetrates through the central gap of each layer of battery module, and two ends of the central pipe are respectively connected with an end plate of a battery cabin body of an underwater vehicle after respectively penetrating through two battery racks 4 positioned at the topmost part and the bottommost part; the center of the cross section of the central tube 1 is superposed with the center of the radial cross section of the battery compartment section; the central tube 1 is filled with a high heat absorption composite material which is a paraffin/expanded graphite composite phase change heat storage material or a silicon-based carrier composite phase change heat storage material and is used for rapidly absorbing heat generated by battery discharge.

The remaining gaps formed by the cylindrical lithium battery 3 are filled with a heat-conducting gap-filling material, which is a metal nitride (e.g., AlN), a non-metal nitride (e.g., Si3N4, BN), or SiC ceramic or the like, having both high heat conductivity and excellent insulating and mechanical properties.

In order to improve the overall energy density of the battery pack system, the cylindrical lithium batteries 3 in each layer of battery module are arranged in a regular hexagon mode, and at the moment, the wall thickness of the central tube 1 is preferably 1.5-3mm, and the outer diameter of the central tube is 1-1.1 times of the diameter of the cylindrical lithium batteries 3.

As shown in fig. 2, in a single battery pack unit, each cylindrical lithium battery 3 is located on the periphery of a central tube 1, n circles from inside to outside are respectively denoted as 1 st circle and 2 nd circle 2 … nd circle, each circle is provided with 6m cylindrical lithium batteries 3, m is the number of circles from inside to outside around the central tube, and m is 1,2, …, n; n is determined by the diameter of the cylindrical lithium battery 3 and the inner diameter of the battery compartment; the regular hexagon arrangement rule is as follows:

constructing a regular hexagon with the side length of L by taking the circle center of the cross section of the central tube 1 as a central point, wherein L is mx (d + s), d is the diameter of the cylindrical lithium battery 3, and m is the number of turns arranged around the central tube; s is a gap between two adjacent batteries, and is 2mm in consideration of maximum use of space and convenience in assembly.

The layer 1 is provided with 6 cylindrical lithium batteries 3, and the circle centers of the 6 cylindrical lithium batteries are respectively superposed with 6 vertexes of the regular hexagon;

the 2 nd layer is provided with 12 cylindrical lithium batteries 3, wherein the circle centers of 6 cylindrical lithium batteries 3 are respectively superposed with 6 vertexes of the regular hexagon, and the circle centers of the other 6 cylindrical lithium batteries 3 are respectively positioned at the middle points of the 6 edges of the regular hexagon;

the layer 3 is provided with 18 cylindrical lithium batteries 3, wherein the circle centers of 6 cylindrical lithium batteries 3 are respectively superposed with 6 vertexes of the regular hexagon, and the circle centers of the other 12 cylindrical lithium batteries 3 are uniformly distributed on 6 edges of the regular hexagon;

by analogy in the following way,

until the battery compartment bodies are arranged to the maximum inscribed regular hexagon of the battery compartment bodies.