Low-loss cutting method and cutting device for solar cell
阅读说明：本技术 一种太阳能电池片低损切割方法及切割装置 (Low-loss cutting method and cutting device for solar cell ) 是由 姜亚帅 周肃 庄浩 严勋 孙观 黄国平 李菁楠 曹华斌 张会学 姜利凯 杨忠绪 于 2019-11-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种太阳能电池片低损切割方法,对电池片的待切割区域黑化喷涂处理,脉冲激光束以子弹锥形光斑进行切割,子弹锥形的锥角不大于45°、高度与底边半径比1∶1～4∶1、底边直径为20～50μm,光斑热影响区为50～100μm；同时公开了实现这种切割方法的切割装置。本发明通过对电池片的待切割区域黑化喷涂,减少切割时能量损耗,降低热影响区,同时对脉冲激光束光斑调整为子弹锥形,改变光斑形状而最大化降低热影响区,从切割工艺和切割装置双方面改进以实现低损切割。(The invention discloses a low-loss cutting method of a solar cell, wherein a to-be-cut area of the cell is subjected to blackening spraying treatment, a pulse laser beam is cut by a bullet conical light spot, the conical angle of the bullet is not more than 45 degrees, the ratio of the height to the radius of a bottom edge is 1: 1-4: 1, the diameter of the bottom edge is 20-50 mu m, and the heat-affected zone of the light spot is 50-100 mu m; a cutting device for implementing the cutting method is also disclosed. The invention reduces energy loss and reduces the heat affected zone during cutting by blackening and spraying the to-be-cut area of the battery piece, simultaneously adjusts the light spot of the pulse laser beam into a bullet cone shape, changes the shape of the light spot to maximally reduce the heat affected zone, and improves from the two aspects of a cutting process and a cutting device to realize low-loss cutting.)
1. A solar cell low-loss cutting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, carrying out blackening spraying treatment on a region to be cut of a battery piece;
and secondly, cutting the pulse laser beam by using a bullet conical light spot, wherein the conical angle of the bullet is not more than 45 degrees, the radius ratio of the height to the bottom edge is 1: 1-4: 1, the diameter of the bottom edge is 20-50 mu m, and the heat affected zone of the light spot is 50-100 mu m.
2. The solar cell low-loss cutting method according to claim 1, wherein: the blackening spraying material is one of graphite ink, carbon ink and blackening paint.
3. The solar cell low-loss cutting method according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the coating sprayed in the blackening way is 10-20 mu m.
4. The solar cell low-loss cutting method according to claim 1, wherein: the contour edge of the bullet cone is a curve line.
5. The solar cell low-loss cutting method according to claim 1, wherein: the bullet cone-shaped warhead direction of the bullet cone-shaped light spot pulse laser beam is consistent or basically consistent with the cutting direction.
6. A cutting device for implementing the solar cell low-loss cutting method of claim 1, wherein: the bullet conical light spot laser beam cutting device comprises a pulse laser generating device (1), a beam expanding device (2), a light spot adjusting device (3) and a converging device (4) which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein bullet conical through holes are formed in the light spot adjusting device (3), a circular light spot laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generating device (1) is expanded by the beam expanding device (2) first, then is changed into a bullet conical light spot laser beam by the light spot adjusting device (3), and finally is focused into a high-energy laser beam by the converging device (4), and the long axis of the bullet conical light spot laser beam is adjusted to be consistent with the cutting direction and then is cut.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a solar cell cutting method and a solar cell cutting device.
Background
At present, the higher electricity consumption cost is still the main factor restricting the photovoltaic to occupy the energy mainstream market, and the current bottleneck can be broken through only by reducing cost and improving efficiency. The current efficiency improving method for large-scale mass production comprises the technologies of half-chip, half-chip multi-main grid, laminated tile and the like, which causes the power of the single component to be greatly increased, and the reported power of the single component breaks through 450W.
The mass production of half-piece, half-piece multi-main-grid and stack tile assemblies all needs to carry out laser cutting on the battery piece, and the principle is that pulse laser irradiates the battery piece after being focused, so that the surface temperature is sharply increased to be melted or gasified to form a cutting seam, and the purpose of cutting is achieved. The application of the pulse laser cutting on the photovoltaic cell has the following advantages: the cutting precision is high, the quality is good, and the cut end surface is flat and smooth; the cutting speed is high, and the processing efficiency is high; non-contact cutting, no mechanical stress and no deformation. However, the width of the haz is only 110-140 um, which causes a loss of the photoelectric conversion efficiency, and therefore, the size of the haz needs to be further reduced.
A solar cell cutting device (China, publication No. 205496799U, publication date 2016-02-04) comprises: the laser adjusting platform is used for adjusting the installation position of the laser; the laser is connected with the laser adjusting platform and used for emitting laser; the laser spot generation device is connected with the laser, comprises a beam expanding lens, a scanning galvanometer and a scanning field lens which are arranged in sequence, and the laser sequentially passes through the beam expanding lens, the scanning galvanometer and the scanning field lens; the beam expander is used for amplifying the diameter of the laser and obtaining a laser beam with high collimation degree; the scanning field lens is used for converging the laser beam into a light spot; and the positioning adsorption device is arranged below the scanning field lens and is used for fixing the solar cell. The beneficial effects are that: the scanning galvanometer is adopted, so that the laser cutting head and a processed workpiece do not need to move, the cutting speed is increased, the positioning precision is high, the defects of low speed of mechanical movement and limited positioning precision are greatly overcome, the reciprocating motion is not needed during cutting, the cutting efficiency is improved, the cutting precision is high, and the production cost of enterprises is saved.
However, in the prior art, the battery piece is irradiated by the light spots converged by the circular laser beams in multiple frequency, the cutting surface is located in the aluminum back surface field, the energy loss is caused by the reflection of the surface of the aluminum back surface field, the laser excitation power needs to be increased, the high-energy laser can obviously influence the cutting area after secondary cutting, and meanwhile, the circular light spots further increase the range of the heat affected area, so that the cutting loss of the battery is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell low-loss cutting method, which reduces heat loss and heat affected zone, and a cutting device for implementing the cutting method.
The technical scheme is as follows: a solar cell low-loss cutting method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, carrying out blackening spraying treatment on a region to be cut of a battery piece;
and secondly, cutting the pulse laser beam by using a bullet conical light spot, wherein the conical angle of the bullet is not more than 45 degrees, the radius ratio of the height to the bottom edge is 1: 1-4: 1, the diameter of the bottom edge is 20-50 mu m, and the heat affected zone of the light spot is 50-100 mu m.
Furthermore, the blackening spraying material is one of graphite ink, carbon ink and blackening paint.
Furthermore, the thickness of the coating sprayed by blackening is 10-20 mu m.
Further, the contour edge of the bullet cone is a curve.
Further, the bullet cone-shaped warhead direction of the bullet cone-shaped light spot pulse laser beam is consistent or basically consistent with the cutting direction.
A cutting device for realizing the solar cell low-loss cutting method comprises a pulse laser generating device, a beam expanding device, a light spot adjusting device and a converging device which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the light spot adjusting device is provided with a bullet conical through hole, a round light spot laser beam emitted by the pulse laser generating device is expanded by the beam expanding device, then is changed into a bullet conical light spot laser beam by the light spot adjusting device, and finally is focused into a high-energy laser beam by the converging device, the long axis of the bullet conical light spot laser beam is adjusted to be consistent with the cutting direction, and then cutting is carried out.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: through the blackening spraying of the area to be cut of the battery piece, energy loss during cutting is reduced, the heat affected zone is reduced, meanwhile, the light spot of the pulse laser beam is adjusted to be a bullet cone shape, the shape of the light spot is changed, the heat affected zone is reduced to the maximum extent, and the low-loss cutting is realized through improvement from two aspects of a cutting process and a cutting device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a bullet cone-shaped light spot shape and a heat affected zone;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the cutting device.
Detailed Description
The invention is further elucidated with reference to the drawings and the embodiments. These examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
A solar cell low-loss cutting method comprises the following steps:
step one, carrying out blackening spraying treatment on a region to be cut of the battery piece.
The blackening spraying material is one of graphite ink, carbon ink and blackening coating, and the thickness of the blackening spraying coating is 10-20 mu m.
And step two, cutting the laser beam by using a bullet conical light spot.
The shape of the bullet conical light spot is shown in figure 1, based on the base shape of an isosceles triangle, the taper angle α at the top is not more than 45 degrees, the length ratio of the height h to the radius r of the bottom side is 1: 1-4: 1, the length of the diameter 2r of the bottom side is 20-50 microns, three contour edges a, b and c are arcs, the radians of the two side contour edges a and b do not exceed the bottom side, the arrow in figure 1 shows the cutting direction of the bullet conical light spot, the direction of the bullet conical warhead is consistent or basically consistent with the cutting direction, the diameter 2r of the bottom side is the cutting seam width formed by the bullet conical light spot laser beam, and the width of the formed light spot heat affected zone d is 50-100 microns.
The cutting device for forming the bullet conical light spot pulse laser beam is shown in the attached
The cutting device is formed by modifying the existing optical device.
The blackening and spraying treatment step of the area to be cut of the battery piece is carried out, the obtained coating is thin and uniform, the coating is well combined with the surface of the battery piece, the coating is easy to generate and remove, and the battery piece blackening and spraying treatment method has the advantages of high absorption rate and good heat conduction performance. After blackening treatment, the light reflection of the area to be cut on the surface of the cell is less than 5%, the heat absorption is easier, the heat is more concentrated, and the laser energy required during cutting is also reduced, so that the heat affected zone is obviously reduced, and meanwhile, the spraying material is ablated after laser ablation.
The thermal diffusion area of the formed bullet conical light spot pulse laser beam has more energy distribution along the direction of the bullet conical warhead, so that the transverse diffusion is much smaller, and the direction of the bullet conical warhead is consistent or basically consistent with the cutting direction, so that the size of a heat affected zone at the edge of a cutting seam can be effectively reduced. In the prior art circular spot pulse laser beam, the heat diffusion is uniform and radial diffusion, so that the heat affected zone of the circumferential area is basically the same.
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