阅读说明：本技术 用于制造载具的横梁的方法以及载具的横梁 (Method for manufacturing a crossbeam of a carrier and crossbeam of a carrier ) 是由 托尔斯滕·内贝尔 沃尔夫冈·埃尔肯 沃尔夫冈·舒尔策 梅米什·蒂尔亚基 于 2019-06-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种用于制造载具的横梁的方法,所述方法具有以下步骤：通过平面滚压成形从均匀厚度的板材提供具有不同的厚度以及预制轮廓的工件以实现不同的局部厚度并且切割出所述工件；以及弯曲滚压成形所述工件以形成具有横截面的横梁,所述横截面具有彼此相对布置的至少两个凸缘和位于其间的腹板,相对布置的凸缘的间距沿着所述横梁的纵向延伸部是非恒定的,并且至少所述腹板的厚度曲线由所述平面滚压成形的步骤确定。所述局部厚度和所述预制轮廓以如下方式选择,使得在弯曲滚压成形之后,所述横梁的几何形状与预先确定的几何形状相对应,所述预先确定的几何形状具有所述腹板的不同的厚度和高度以及所述凸缘的沿着所述横梁的纵向延伸部不同成形的区域。(A method for manufacturing a beam of a vehicle, the method having the steps of: providing workpieces of different thicknesses and pre-profiles from a sheet of uniform thickness by planar roll forming to achieve different local thicknesses and cutting out the workpieces; and bending the roll formed workpiece to form a cross-beam having a cross-section with at least two flanges disposed opposite each other and a web therebetween, the spacing of the oppositely disposed flanges being non-constant along the longitudinal extension of the cross-beam, and at least the thickness profile of the web being determined by the step of planar roll forming. The local thickness and the preform profile are selected in such a way that, after the bending roll forming, the geometry of the cross beam corresponds to a predetermined geometry with different thicknesses and heights of the webs and differently shaped regions of the flanges along the longitudinal extension of the cross beam.)

1. A method for manufacturing a cross-beam (18, 48, 58) of a vehicle, the method comprising the steps of:

-providing workpieces (6) of different thickness and pre-profiles (10) from a sheet (4) of uniform thickness by planar roll forming to achieve different local thicknesses and cutting out the workpieces (6); and

-bending the roll-formed workpiece (6) to form a cross-beam (18, 48, 58) having a cross-section (20a-20f) with at least two flanges (22a-22f, 24a-24f) arranged opposite each other and a web (26) located therebetween, wherein the spacing of the oppositely arranged flanges (22a-22f, 24a-24f) is non-constant along the longitudinal extension of the cross-beam (18, 48, 58) and at least the thickness profile of the web (26) is determined by the planar roll-forming step,

wherein the local thickness and the preform profile are selected in such a way that, after the curved roll forming, the geometry of the cross-beam (18, 48, 58) corresponds to a predetermined geometry having different thicknesses and heights of the web (26) and differently shaped regions of the flanges (22a-22f, 24a-24f) along the longitudinal extension of the cross-beam (18, 48, 58).

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,

wherein the curved roll-forming is carried out in such a way that the spacing of the oppositely disposed flanges (22a-22f, 24a-24f) in at least one first section (41) is smaller than the spacing in the remaining part of the transverse beam (18, 48, 58).

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,

wherein at least one first flange (22a-22f) and at least one second flange (24a-24f) are produced in the curved roll-forming,

wherein the first flange (22a-22f) has a continuous flat support surface (28) along the longitudinal extension of the cross-beam (18, 48, 58), and

wherein the second flanges (24a-24f) are spaced from the first flanges (22a-22f) by different distances along the longitudinal extension of the cross-beam (18, 48, 58).

4. The method according to one of the preceding claims,

wherein the preform profile (10) is selected in such a way that in at least one section of the cross-beam (18, 48, 58) there is a recess (32, 34, 56, 60) of the second flange (24a-24f) in the direction of the first flange (22a-22 f).

5. The method according to one of the preceding claims,

two first sections (41) are provided, which are arranged eccentrically on the transverse beam (18, 48, 58) at a distance from one another.

6. The method according to one of the preceding claims,

wherein the planar roll forming is carried out in such a way that the thickness of the workpiece (6) is greatest in the central region of the cross-member (18, 48, 58).

7. The method according to claim 2 or 5,

wherein the planar roll forming is carried out in such a way that the sheet thickness in the region of the first section (41) is smaller than in the adjacent region.

8. The method according to one of the preceding claims,

wherein the planar roll forming is carried out in such a way that a transition region (16) is arranged between two regions (12, 14) of different sheet thicknesses, in which the thickness decreases continuously and which is connected continuously to two adjacent regions (12, 14).

9. A cross-beam (18, 48, 58) for a vehicle, the cross-beam having at least two flanges (22a-22f, 24a-24f) arranged opposite each other and a web (26) located therebetween, wherein the spacing of the oppositely arranged flanges (22a-22f, 24a-24f) is non-constant along the longitudinal extension of the cross-beam (18, 48, 58) and at least the thickness of the web (26) is non-constant along the longitudinal extension of the cross-beam (18, 48, 58), and wherein the cross-beam (18, 48, 58) is made by a non-cutting forming process.

10. Cross-member (18, 48, 58) according to claim 9,

wherein the spacing of the oppositely arranged flanges (22a-22f, 24a-24f) in at least one first section (41) is smaller than the spacing in the rest of the cross-beam (18, 48, 58).

11. Cross-member (18, 48, 58) according to claim 10,

wherein the first flange (22a-22f) has a continuous flat support surface (28) along the longitudinal extension of the cross-beam (18, 48, 58), and

wherein the second flanges (24a-24f) are spaced from the first flanges (22a-22f) by different distances along the longitudinal extension of the cross-beam (18, 48, 58).

12. Cross-member (18, 48, 58) according to one of claims 9 to 11,

wherein a recess (32, 34, 56, 60) of the second flange (24a-24f) in the direction of the first flange (22a-22f) is present in at least one section (41, 50) of the transverse beam (18, 48, 58).

13. A carrier (66) having a carrier structure (40) and at least one cross-beam (18, 48, 58) according to one of claims 9 to 12, which is fixed on the carrier structure (40).

14. The vehicle (66) of claim 13, wherein the vehicle (66) is an aircraft (66).

15. The vehicle (66) of claim 14, wherein the vehicle (66) has a fuselage (68) with a fuselage structure (40) as vehicle structure (40), wherein a plurality of cross beams (18, 48, 58) are arranged on the fuselage structure (40) transversely to a longitudinal axis of the fuselage (68).

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for producing a cross member of a vehicle, in particular a cross member of a floor structure, and to a cross member of a vehicle.

Background

Larger vehicles may have a floor structure arranged on a cross beam connected to the main structure. In traffic aircraft, the cross members may consist, for example, of metal material made by means of strip material unwound from a reel and rolled via rollers. Through this, the strip-shaped material is shaped to obtain the desired profile. The recesses and holes for reducing the weight of the cross beam are made by stamping and deep drawing, laser cutting or other processes.

For example, DE 102005060252 a1 shows a method for producing a cross-beam or structural component of a carrier, in which a forming station with rolling or rolling is used.

DE 102009060694B 4 discloses a transverse beam for a floor structure of an aircraft, which transverse beam has a web which can be joined to opposite structural sections of the aircraft fuselage by means of their end sections facing away from one another, wherein the web has at least one step section which is formed by an offset of the web in the direction of its vertical axis, wherein the step section is tapered in cross section relative to the adjacent web section, and the web sections each have a lower edge section which is recessed relative to the end sections. The system lines can thus be laid particularly easily under the cross beams.

Disclosure of Invention

Although the deformation of the sheet metal can easily be carried out by using rolling and rolling, the relatively complex shaping of the cross-beam for an aircraft requires an equally complex manufacturing process. This may also include a cutting step in addition to pure deformation.

The object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a transverse beam, in which the production is as easy as possible and in particular the cutting process step can be omitted.

This object is achieved by a method according to the invention. Advantageous developments and embodiments can be gathered from the description below.

A method for producing a cross-beam of a vehicle is proposed, having the following steps: providing workpieces of different thicknesses and pre-profiles from a sheet of uniform thickness by planar roll forming to achieve different local thicknesses and cutting out the workpieces; and bending the roll-forming the workpiece to form a beam having a cross-section with at least two oppositely disposed flanges and a web therebetween, wherein the spacing of the oppositely disposed flanges is non-constant along the longitudinal extension of the beam and at least the thickness profile of the web is determined by the step of planar roll-forming, and wherein the local thickness and the pre-profile are selected in such a way that, after the bending roll-forming, the geometry of the beam corresponds to a predetermined geometry having different thicknesses and heights of the web and differently shaped regions of the flanges along the longitudinal extension of the beam.

Thus, when providing a sheet material with a uniform thickness as the initial substrate, the method according to the invention has three basic main steps in order to manufacture the cross beam.

The different local thicknesses of the workpiece, which subsequently determine the thickness of the web and/or the flange, are achieved by the step of planar roll forming. In this case, a region with the greatest material thickness and a plurality of second regions with the smallest material thickness can be produced, wherein further regions or transition regions of similar thickness with a thickness lying therebetween are possible. The preform profile can therefore be regarded as a geometric development of the cross-beam. Cutting out flat material is also an essential step for the preparation of the beam.

The planar roll forming and cutting may be performed in a different order. In the case of sheet metal of very uniform thickness, it is possible in one variant to first cut out a workpiece with a temporary preform profile in order to subsequently machine the workpiece to a certain thickness by planar roll forming. Thereby producing the desired preform profile in addition to the desired thickness profile. The determination of the provisional preform profile depends on the transverse shrinkage of the sheet in the subsequent planar roll forming. For this purpose, the temporary preform profile can be generated, for example, in an iterative process in order to ensure reproducible accuracy of the subsequent preform profile.

However, it is also possible to first carry out the working of the thickness of the sheet by planar roll forming so that the desired thickness profile is obtained. Subsequently, the workpiece can be cut directly from the machined sheet material with the matching preform profile.

The cut workpiece thus has the desired thickness profile and a pre-profile suitable for further deformation. The preform profile plays a decisive role in the subsequent spatial shape of the cross beam, since it is selected in such a way that the desired shape of the cross beam is produced directly after the subsequent bending roll forming. This means that all outer contours of the resulting beam correspond to the predefined outer contour and that the full thickness of the web and the flange is achieved by means of planar roll forming. Accordingly, no machining finish is required on the cross beam after the roll forming of the bend in order to obtain the desired outer profile and the desired material thickness profile of the web and flange.

Curved roll forming, which is carried out for example in the form of roll forming, is provided to produce a spatial configuration in the form of a beam from a flat workpiece by bending the individual surface regions of the workpiece. In particular, a forming device can be used which performs the bending as a roll bending in the form of roll forming, roll forming or cold rolling. In this process, the workpiece is guided through a plurality of roll pairs, which are arranged and configured in such a way that they impart a deformation to the workpiece. By allowing the workpiece to pass easily or repeatedly to finally achieve the desired profile shape. It is conceivable that the individual roll pairs of the plant used are arranged to be spatially fixed, so that they form a rolling train and, after the workpiece has been passed through easily, the desired shaping is achieved. Alternatively, the roll pairs can also be arranged at different positions and can be moved, in particular, in a computer-controlled manner. In the case of a jump in thickness, a moving, controlled roller is useful in this way in order to ensure the dimensional stability of the cross beam to be produced. It is thus possible to: a stronger local offset is achieved in the beam design without the need to lengthen the mill train. However, this may be an alternative option in which the sheet material on the reel is introduced on one side and the finished cross beams are continuously output on the other side, which then only need to be separated.

A cross beam is thus obtained from the method according to the invention, which is suitable, for example, for supporting floor structures in an aircraft. This means that the transverse beam can be mounted on the primary structure of the aircraft via two mutually opposite ends and extends transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft fuselage. Thus, at least two flanges arranged opposite each other can be positioned on the top and bottom surfaces of the cross beam, wherein one of the flanges arranged on the top surface can carry a floor rail or the like of the floor structure.

In particular, the vehicle may be an aircraft, so that the method may in particular also be a method for producing a cross-member of an aircraft.

In an advantageous embodiment, the curved roll forming is carried out in such a way that the spacing of the oppositely disposed flanges in at least one first section is smaller than the spacing in the remaining part of the cross member. When a first section is provided in which there are small mechanical loads during operation of the aircraft, such a resulting change in web height can result in a load-adaptive adaptation to the area moment of inertia of the transverse beam. It is assumed for this purpose that, for example, the greatest mechanical stresses are to be expected in the center region of the crossmember, so that, for example, the greatest area moments of inertia should be present here. Other designs of the profile of the crossmember which are adapted to, for example, low mechanical loads and which additionally allow a pipeline to pass through on the underside of the crossmember are possible in other regions of the crossmember.

In a preferred embodiment, at least a first flange and at least a second flange are produced in the curved roll forming, wherein the first flange has a continuous flat support surface along the longitudinal extension of the cross beam, and wherein the second flange is spaced apart from the first flange by different distances along the longitudinal extension of the cross beam. Thus, at least the first flange is arranged to be positioned on the top face of the cross beam when the cross beam has been mounted on the primary structure of the aircraft fuselage. Thus, the second flange is located on the bottom surface of the cross member and is spaced apart from the first flange by different distances in the vertical direction. In order to take into account that in certain regions the mechanical load may be smaller than in other adjacent regions, a portion of the second flanges may have a smaller pitch from the first flange than in other adjacent portions. Thus, the offset or recess of the second flange on the bottom surface may provide a receiving space for guiding electrical or other lines therethrough.

In an advantageous embodiment, the preform profile is selected in such a way that a recess in the direction of the first flange is present in at least one section of the cross member. The recess may be used to mount the pipeline against the beam. Preferably, the recess may be configured in such a way that the provided line may be mounted as flush as possible with the adjacent area of the second flange. It is further useful to provide the recess with a curvature curve that is uniform, continuous and does not change abruptly. Thereby notching effects and stress peaks can be avoided.

In an equally preferred embodiment, two first portions are provided, which are arranged eccentrically on the cross member at a distance from one another. The two first sections can be arranged in two different halves of the cross beam, so that both sides of the cross beam are designed to guide the pipeline through, in particular on the underside.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the planar roll forming is carried out in such a way that the sheet thickness is greatest in the middle region of the transverse beam. The result of this is that in this embodiment the web thickness of the cross beam is greatest in the middle of the cross beam. This may further relate to the thickness of the flange, which may therefore be the largest in the intermediate region. Overall, a maximum area moment of inertia is thus provided, which results in particularly high mechanical stability in the region of the center of the transverse beam.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the planar roll forming is carried out in such a way that the sheet thickness in the region of the first section is smaller than the sheet thickness in the adjacent section. This therefore enables a smaller web thickness and, if required, a smaller flange thickness in the first section, in which there may be a recess for guiding the pipeline through. The area moment of inertia is thereby reduced in this region.

Preferably, the planar roll forming is carried out in such a way that a transition region is arranged between two sections of different sheet thicknesses, in which the thickness decreases continuously and which is connected continuously to two adjacent regions. Such a transition region prevents the formation of a stepped change in thickness of the sheet material and the resulting discontinuity in stability. Notch stresses and the like can thus be avoided.

The invention also relates to a cross-beam for a vehicle, said cross-beam having at least two flanges arranged opposite each other and a web located therebetween, wherein the spacing of the oppositely arranged flanges is non-constant along the longitudinal extension of the cross-beam and at least the thickness of the web is non-constant along the longitudinal extension of the cross-beam, and wherein the cross-beam is made by a non-cutting forming process. In particular, the non-cutting forming process is the method for manufacturing a cross-beam of a carrier described above.

A considerable time saving in the production of the cross-member can be achieved by means of a non-cutting production process, and at the same time the mechanical properties of the cross-member are selected to be very balanced and homogeneous due to the deformation on the basis of the sheet material.

In an advantageous embodiment, the spacing of the oppositely disposed flanges in at least one first section is smaller than the spacing in the remaining part of the transverse beam.

Preferably, the first flange has a continuous flat support surface along the longitudinal extension of the cross beam, wherein the second flange is spaced from the first flange by different distances along the longitudinal extension of the cross beam.

In a further advantageous embodiment, a recess of the second flange in the direction of the first flange can be present in at least one section of the cross member.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a vehicle having a vehicle structure and at least one cross member having the above-described features, which cross member is fixed to the vehicle structure. The vehicle is in particular an aircraft. Preferably, the vehicle may have a fuselage with a fuselage structure as vehicle structure, wherein a plurality of cross beams transverse to a longitudinal axis of the fuselage are arranged on the fuselage structure.

Drawings

Further features, advantages and possibilities of application of the invention result from the following description of embodiments and the figures. All described and/or illustrated features form the subject matter of the invention both by themselves and in any combination, independently of their relationship in the individual claims or in the claims cited therein. Further, in the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same or similar objects.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the individual steps of the method.

Figure 2 shows a partially cut-away illustration of a transverse beam connected to the former.

Fig. 3 shows a variant with four recesses on the bottom surface of the cross beam.

Fig. 4 shows a variant with a recess on the bottom side of the cross beam and a projection on the top side.

Fig. 5 shows an aircraft with a fuselage and a crossbeam arranged therein.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows the course of a method 2 according to the invention in a schematic representation. First, a plate 4 having a uniform thickness is provided.

Subsequently, the sheet 4 is processed by plane roll forming in such a way that local thickness changes occur.

For example, three first regions 12 are produced on the sheet 4, these first regions having a maximum thickness (T)_{Maximum of}). Two second regions 14 are provided, which are arranged between the first regions 12 and have a minimum material thickness (T) here by way of example_{Minimum size}). Between all first regions 12 and second regions 14, additional third regions 16 are provided in the form of transition regions having a thickness Tt, in which third regions a thickness T is realized_{Maximum of}To T_{Minimum size}Is continuously transitioned. The workpiece 6 is thus adapted to provide the cross beam to be manufactured with a load-adapted wall thickness.

A flat workpiece 6 with a pre-profile 10 is cut out of the sheet material thus processed. Here, the preform profile 10 is an outer profile that determines the shape of the workpiece 6.

Alternatively, it is also possible to cut the workpiece 6 from the sheet 4 before the planar roll forming. The workpiece 6 may first have a temporary preform profile 8. After the planar roll forming, the desired preform profile 10 is obtained as a result of the transverse shrinkage of the workpiece 6, which preform profile is the basis for the next step.

Subsequently, the workpiece 6 is formed into the cross member 18 by bending roll forming. This is carried out in particular by continuously bending the workpiece 6 on the edge side to obtain the desired shape. The cross-member 18 has a series of different cross-sections 20a to 20f, each having two flanges 22a and 24a to 22f and 24f, respectively, arranged opposite each other. The two flanges 22a to 22f and 24a to 24f each enclose a web 26 which has a non-constant height along the longitudinal extension of the cross member 18. The cross section 20a is disposed proximate the first end 36 of the cross beam 18, while the cross section 20f is positioned proximate the middle of the cross beam 18. Thus, in practice, the cross-sections 20a to 20f show one half of the cross-beam 18. The other half may be constructed in the same manner.

The resulting beam 18 has a flat support surface 28 configured to receive a floor structure when the beam 18 has been installed in an aircraft fuselage. The floor structure may for example be realized in the form of floor rails or other supports between which the floor is arranged.

The bottom face 30 on which the second flanges 24a to 24f are arranged illustratively has two recesses 32 and 34, in which the height of the web 26 is particularly small. These recesses 32 and 34 may be used to guide the passage of lines on the bottom surface of the beam 18. Two mutually opposite ends 36 and 38 of the cross-beam are further provided for fastening the cross-beam 18 to the primary structure of the aircraft fuselage. This may be achieved, for example, by riveting or bolting.

Fig. 2 shows the installed cross member 18, which extends between two opposite fastening regions of a former 40 as a vehicle structure or fuselage structure. As schematically indicated, the cross-beam 18 is profiled in cross-section in a manner to accommodate loading. The cross beam 18 according to the invention has a greater web height at a greater load position relative to the region with a lesser load, whereas a conventional cross beam, for example with a profile 44, has a continuously constant web height. At least two first sections 41 are provided, in which the cross-section of the cross-beam 18 has an area moment of inertia which is significantly smaller than the average area moment of inertia. There is, for example, a minimum web height and a profile cross section which is as small as possible. In the second section 43, the area moment of inertia is greatest and there is a maximum web height with the largest profile cross section. There are two third sections 45 facing away from the ends 36 and 38, which have an intermediate web height and an intermediate profile cross section in terms of dimensions.

Fig. 3 furthermore shows a general view of a fuselage cross section 46 with a transverse beam 48 arranged therein, which is fastened to the former 40 by the mutually opposite ends 36 and 38 and rests on the supporting bar 42. In addition to different thicknesses, different local contour cross sections can also be produced, which are also represented by different flange sizes and different flange thicknesses. Here, four first portions 50 are provided by way of example, which have the smallest profile cross section. Through this, in combination with the straight top surface 52 on which the floor support 54 is disposed, four recesses 56 are formed on the bottom surface. These recesses result in the ability to guide the conduit along the underside of the cross beam 48. Possible profile cross-sections, which may have different local thicknesses and shapes, are shown in two cut-away illustrations a-A, B-B and C-C. The profile cross section in the illustration C-C belongs, for example, to the middle of the transverse beam 48 and contains a C-shaped profile with a locally smaller thickness of the web and end edges of the flanges extending parallel to the web. The profile cross sections belonging to a-a and B-B are arranged, for example, on the end 36 and in the fixing region with the supporting bar 42.

Fig. 4 shows another variation of a cross beam 58 having a larger, central recess 60, which in turn reflects a central boss 62 on the top surface. At the raised portion, floor supports 64 are furthermore arranged, which extend parallel to one another and at a distance from one another. The structural height of the floor support 64 is adapted to the central boss 62. All in all these floor supports define the same top boundary.

Finally, fig. 5 shows an aircraft 66 having a fuselage 68 with an interior 70 constructed therein, in which at least one such transverse beam 18, 48 or 58 is arranged.

It may additionally be noted that "having" does not exclude other elements or steps, and "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality. It may furthermore be mentioned that also combinations of features already described with reference to one of the above embodiments with other features of the further embodiments described above may be used. Reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting.