阅读说明：本技术 卷绕式碱金属电池和生产方法 (Coiled alkali metal battery and production method ) 是由 刘玨 阿茹娜·扎姆 张博增 于 2018-05-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：提供了一种卷绕式碱金属电池,其中所述碱金属选自Li、Na、K、或其组合。所述电池包括：阳极、阴极、电子地分离所述阳极和所述阴极的碱金属离子传导隔膜、和与所述阳极和所述阴极呈离子接触的含碱金属离子电解质,其中所述阳极含有具有阳极卷长度、阳极卷宽度和阳极卷厚度的阳极活性材料缠绕卷并且/或者所述阴极含有具有阴极卷长度、阴极卷宽度和阴极卷厚度的阴极活性材料缠绕卷,并且其中所述阳极卷宽度和/或所述阴极卷宽度方向基本上垂直于所述隔膜平面。(A wound alkali metal battery is provided, wherein the alkali metal is selected from Li, Na, K, or a combination thereof. The battery includes: an anode, a cathode, an alkali metal ion conducting membrane electronically separating the anode and the cathode, and an alkali metal ion-containing electrolyte in ionic contact with the anode and the cathode, wherein the anode comprises a wound roll of anode active material having an anode roll length, an anode roll width, and an anode roll thickness and/or the cathode comprises a wound roll of cathode active material having a cathode roll length, a cathode roll width, and a cathode roll thickness, and wherein the anode roll width and/or the cathode roll width direction is substantially perpendicular to the membrane plane.)

1. A wound alkali metal battery, wherein the alkali metal is selected from Li, Na, K, or a combination thereof; the battery includes: an anode, a cathode, an alkali metal ion conducting membrane electronically separating the anode and the cathode, and an alkali metal ion-containing electrolyte in ionic contact with the anode and the cathode, wherein the anode comprises a wound roll of anode active material having an anode roll length, an anode roll width, and an anode roll thickness and/or the cathode comprises a wound roll of cathode active material having a cathode roll length, a cathode roll width, and a cathode roll thickness, and wherein the anode roll width and/or the cathode roll width is substantially perpendicular to the membrane.

2. The coiled alkali metal battery of claim 1, further comprising an anode tab connected to or integral with the anode and a cathode tab connected to or integral with the cathode.

3. The rolled alkali metal cell of claim 1 further comprising a housing enclosing the anode, the cathode, the separator, and the electrolyte therein to form a sealed cell.

4. The wound alkali metal cell of claim 1, wherein the anode active material wound roll comprises (a) a layer of a supported solid substrate having two major surfaces, wherein one or both major surfaces are coated with the anode active material, an optional conductive additive, and an optional binder; or (b) a layer of a supported porous substrate having pores impregnated with the anode active material, an optional conductive additive, and an optional binder.

5. The wound alkali metal cell of claim 1, wherein the wound roll of cathode active material comprises (a) a layer of a supported solid substrate having two major surfaces, wherein one or both major surfaces are coated with the cathode active material, an optional conductive additive, and an optional binder; or (b) a layer of a supported porous substrate having pores impregnated with the cathode active material, an optional conductive additive, and an optional binder.

6. The rolled alkali metal battery of claim 1 wherein the alkali metal battery is a lithium metal battery, a sodium metal battery, or a potassium metal battery and the anode comprises a foil or coating of Li, Na or K metal supported by or coated on a solid or porous supported substrate.

7. The coiled alkali metal battery of claim 1, wherein the alkali metal battery is a lithium ion battery and the anode active material is selected from the group consisting of:

(a) particles of natural graphite, artificial graphite, mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), needle coke, carbon particles, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers;

(b) silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), titanium (Ti), iron (Fe), and cadmium (Cd);

(c) alloys or intermetallic compounds of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Zn, Al or Cd with other elements, wherein the alloys or compounds are stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric;

(d) oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides, phosphides, selenides, and tellurides of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Zn, Al, Fe, Ni, Co, Ti, Mn, or Cd, and mixtures or composites thereof;

(e) a prelithiated version thereof;

(f) pre-lithiated graphene sheets; and

combinations thereof.

8. The wound alkali metal battery of claim 1, wherein the alkali metal battery is a sodium ion battery and the anode active material comprises an alkali intercalation compound selected from: petroleum coke, carbon black, amorphous carbon, activated carbon, hard carbon, soft carbon, template carbon, hollow carbon nanowire, hollow carbon sphere, titanate, NaTi₂(PO₄)₃、Na₂Ti₃O₇、Na₂C₈H₄O₄、Na₂TP、Na_xTiO₂(x ═ 0.2 to 1.0), Na₂C₈H₄O₄Materials based on carboxylic acid salts, C₈H₄Na₂O₄、C₈H₆O₄、C₈H₅NaO₄、C₈Na₂F₄O₄、C₁₀H₂Na₄O₈、C₁₄H₄O₆、C₁₄H₄Na₄O₈Or a combination thereof.

9. The wound alkali metal battery of claim 1, wherein the alkali metal battery is a sodium ion battery and the anode active material comprises an alkali intercalation compound selected from the group of materials consisting of:

(a) sodium or potassium doped silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), and mixtures thereof;

(b) sodium or potassium containing alloys or intermetallics of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Zn, Al, Ti, Co, Ni, Mn, Cd, and mixtures thereof;

(c) sodium-or potassium-containing oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides, phosphides, selenides, tellurides, or antimonides of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Zn, Al, Fe, Ti, Co, Ni, Mn, Cd, and mixtures or composites thereof;

(d) sodium or potassium salts; and

(e) graphene sheets pre-loaded with sodium or potassium.

10. The wound alkali metal battery of claim 1, wherein the cathode active material contains a lithium intercalation compound or a lithium-absorbing compound selected from the group consisting of: lithium cobalt oxide, doped lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, doped lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, doped lithium manganese oxide, lithium vanadium oxide, doped lithium vanadium oxide, lithium mixed metal oxide, lithium iron phosphate, lithium vanadium phosphate, lithium manganese phosphate, lithium mixed metal phosphate, metal sulfide, metal fluoride, metal chloride, and combinations thereof.

11. The wound alkali metal battery of claim 1, wherein the cathode active material comprises a sodium intercalation compound or a potassium intercalation compound selected from: NaFePO₄、Na_(1-x)K_xPO₄、KFePO₄、Na_0.7FePO₄、Na_1.5VOPO₄F_0.5、Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃、Na₃V₂(PO₄)₂F₃、Na₂FePO₄F、NaFeF₃、NaVPO₄F、KVPO₄F、Na₃V₂(PO₄)₂F₃、Na_1.5VOPO₄F_0.5、Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃、NaV₆O₁₅、Na_xVO₂、Na_0.33V₂O₅、Na_xCoO₂、Na_2/3[Ni_1/3Mn_2/3]O₂、Na_x(Fe_{1/ 2}Mn_1/2)O₂、Na_xMnO₂、λ-MnO₂、Na_xK_(1-x)MnO₂、Na_0.44MnO₂、Na_0.44MnO₂/C、Na₄Mn₉O₁₈、NaFe₂Mn(PO₄)₃、Na₂Ti₃O₇、Ni_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂、Cu_0.56Ni_0.44HCF、NiHCF、Na_xMnO₂、NaCrO₂、KCrO₂、Na₃Ti₂(PO₄)₃、NiCo₂O₄、Ni₃S₂/FeS₂、Sb₂O₄、Na₄Fe(CN)₆/C、NaV_1-xCr_xPO₄F、Se_zS_yY/z of 0.01 to 100, Se, sodium polysulfide, sulfur, phosphorusMagadiite, or a combination thereof, wherein x is from 0.1 to 1.0.

12. The rolled alkali metal cell of claim 1 wherein the electrolyte comprises a lithium or sodium salt dissolved in a liquid solvent and/or a polymer, and wherein the liquid solvent is water, an organic solvent, an ionic liquid, or a mixture of an organic solvent and an ionic liquid.

13. The rolled alkali metal cell of claim 1, wherein the roll of anode active material has a width of not less than 500 μm and the anode active material has a width of not less than 25mg/cm²And/or at least 25% by weight or by volume of the entire battery cell, and/or the cathode active material has a mass loading in the cathode of not less than 20mg/cm for organic or polymeric material²Or not less than 40mg/cm for inorganic and non-polymeric materials²And/or at least 40% by weight or by volume of the entire battery cell.

14. The rolled alkali metal cell of claim 1, wherein the roll of anode active material has a width of not less than 1000 μ ι η or 1mm and/or the anode active material has a width of not less than 30mg/cm²And/or at least 30% by weight or by volume of the entire battery cell, and/or the cathode active material has a mass loading in the cathode of not less than 25mg/cm for organic or polymeric material²Or not less than 50mg/cm for inorganic and non-polymeric materials²And/or at least 50% by weight or by volume of the entire battery cell.

15. The rolled alkali metal cell of claim 1, wherein the roll of anode active material has a width of not less than 5mm and/or the anode active material has a width of not less than 35mg/cm²And/or at least 35% by weight or by volume of the entire battery cell,and/or the cathode active material has not less than 30mg/cm for organic or polymeric material in the cathode²Or not less than 55mg/cm for inorganic and non-polymeric materials²And/or at least 55% by weight or by volume of the entire battery cell.

16. The rolled alkali metal cell of claim 4 wherein the layer of the supported porous substrate comprises an electrically conductive porous layer selected from the group consisting of: a metal foam, a metal mesh or gauze, a perforated metal sheet-based structure, a metal fiber mat, a metal nanowire mat, a conductive polymer nanofiber mat, a conductive polymer foam, a conductive polymer-coated fiber foam, a carbon foam, a graphite foam, a carbon aerogel, a carbon xerogel, a graphene foam, a graphene oxide foam, a reduced graphene oxide foam, a carbon fiber foam, a graphite fiber foam, an expanded graphite foam, or a combination thereof.

17. The rolled alkali metal cell of claim 5 wherein the layer of the supported porous substrate comprises an electrically conductive porous layer selected from the group consisting of: a metal foam, a metal mesh or gauze, a perforated metal sheet-based structure, a metal fiber mat, a metal nanowire mat, a conductive polymer nanofiber mat, a conductive polymer foam, a conductive polymer-coated fiber foam, a carbon foam, a graphite foam, a carbon aerogel, a carbon xerogel, a graphene foam, a graphene oxide foam, a reduced graphene oxide foam, a carbon fiber foam, a graphite fiber foam, an expanded graphite foam, or a combination thereof.

18. The coiled alkali metal cell of claim 7, wherein the pre-lithiated graphene sheets are selected from pre-lithiated versions of pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, boron-doped graphene, nitrogen-doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, physically or chemically activated or etched versions thereof, or combinations thereof.

19. The wound alkali metal battery of claim 1, wherein the cathode active material comprises an alkali metal intercalation compound or an alkali metal absorption compound selected from: inorganic materials, organic or polymeric materials, metal oxide/phosphate/sulfide, or combinations thereof.

20. The wound alkali metal cell of claim 19, wherein the metal oxide/phosphate/sulfide is selected from lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium vanadium oxide, lithium mixed metal oxide, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese phosphate, lithium vanadium phosphate, lithium mixed metal phosphate, transition metal sulfide, transition metal fluoride, transition metal chloride, or combinations thereof.

21. The coiled alkali metal battery of claim 19, wherein the inorganic material is selected from sulfur, sulfur compounds, lithium polysulfides, transition metal dichalcogenides, transition metal trichalcogenides, or combinations thereof.

22. The rolled alkali metal cell of claim 19 wherein the inorganic material is selected from TiS₂、TaS₂、MoS₂、NbSe₃、MnO₂、CoO₂Iron oxide, vanadium oxide, or a combination thereof.

23. The wound alkali metal cell of claim 19, wherein the metal oxide/phosphate/sulfide contains a vanadium oxide selected from the group consisting of: VO (vacuum vapor volume)₂、Li_xVO₂、V₂O₅、Li_xV₂O₅、V₃O₈、Li_xV₃O₈、Li_xV₃O₇、V₄O₉、Li_xV₄O₉、V₆O₁₃、Li_xV₆O₁₃Doping type thereofDerivatives thereof, and combinations thereof, wherein 0.1<x<5。

24. The coiled alkali metal battery of claim 19, wherein the metal oxide/phosphate/sulfide is selected from the group consisting of layered compounds LiMO₂Spinel type compound LiM₂O₄Olivine-type compound LiMPO₄Silicate compound Li₂MSiO₄Lithium iron phosphate Hydroxyphosphorus Compound LiMPO₄F. Borate compound LiMBO₃Or combinations thereof, wherein M is a transition metal or a mixture of transition metals.

25. The rolled alkali metal battery of claim 19 wherein the inorganic material is selected from the group consisting of: (a) bismuth selenide or bismuth telluride, (b) a di-or tri-chalcogenide of a transition metal, (c) a sulfide, selenide, or telluride of niobium, zirconium, molybdenum, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, titanium, cobalt, manganese, iron, nickel, or a transition metal; (d) boron nitride, or (e) a combination thereof.

26. The coiled alkali metal battery of claim 19, wherein the organic or polymeric material is selected from poly (anthraquinone sulfide) (PAQS), lithium oxycarbide, 3,4,9, 10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), poly (anthraquinone sulfide), pyrene 4,5,9, 10-tetraone (PYT), polymer-bonded PYT, quinone (triazene), redox active organic material, Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), Tetracyanoethylene (TCNE), 2,3,6,7,10, 11-Hexamethoxytriphenylene (HMTP), poly (5-amino-1, 4-dihydroxyanthraquinone) (PADAQ), phosphazene disulfide polymer ([ (NPS)₂)₃]n), lithiated 1,4,5, 8-naphthalenetetraol formaldehyde polymers, Hexaazatrinaphthalene (HATN), hexaazatrinexanenitrile (HAT (CN)₆) 5-benzylidenehydantoin, isatin lithium salt, pyromellitic diimide lithium salt, tetrahydroxy-p-benzoquinone derivative (THQLi)₄) N, N ' -diphenyl-2, 3,5, 6-tetraone piperazine (PHP), N ' -diallyl-2, 3,5, 6-tetraone piperazine (AP), N ' -dipropyl-2, 3,5, 6-tetraone piperazine (PRP), thioether polymer, quinone compound, 1, 4-benzoquinone, 5,7,12, 14-pentacenetetraone(s) (PHP)PT), 5-amino-2, 3-dihydro-1, 4-dihydroxyanthraquinone (ADDAQ), 5-amino-1, 4-dihydroxyanthraquinone (ADAQ), quinoid calixarenes, Li₄C₆O₆、Li₂C₆O₆、Li₆C₆O₆Or a combination thereof.

27. The coiled alkali metal cell of claim 26, wherein the thioether polymer is selected from poly [ methanetrinitrobenzylnitroamine-tetra (thiomethylene) ] (PMTTM), poly (2, 4-dithiopentene) (PDTP), a polymer containing poly (ethylene-1, 1,2, 2-tetrathiol) (PETT) as a backbone thioether polymer, a side chain thioether polymer having a backbone consisting of conjugated aromatic moieties and having thioether side chains as side chains, poly (2-phenyl-1, 3-dithiolane) (PPDT), poly (1, 4-bis (1, 3-dithiolane-2-yl) benzene) (PDDTB), poly (tetrahydrobenzodithiophene) (PTHBDT), poly [1,2,4, 5-tetra (propylthio) benzene ] (PTKPTB), or poly [3,4 (ethylenedithio) thiophene ] (PEDTT).

28. The coiled alkali metal battery of claim 19, wherein the organic material comprises a phthalocyanine compound selected from the group consisting of: copper phthalocyanine, zinc phthalocyanine, tin phthalocyanine, iron phthalocyanine, lead phthalocyanine, nickel phthalocyanine, vanadyl phthalocyanine, fluorochrome phthalocyanine, magnesium phthalocyanine, manganese phthalocyanine, dilithium phthalocyanine, aluminum phthalocyanine chloride, cadmium phthalocyanine, chlorogallium phthalocyanine, cobalt phthalocyanine, silver phthalocyanine, metal-free phthalocyanines, chemical derivatives thereof, or combinations thereof.

29. The wound alkali metal battery of claim 1, wherein the cathode active material comprises an alkali metal intercalation compound or an alkali metal absorption compound selected from: an oxide, dichalcogenide, trichalcogenide, sulfide, selenide, or telluride of niobium, zirconium, molybdenum, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, titanium, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, manganese, iron, or nickel in the form of nanowires, nanodiscs, nanoribbons, or nanoplatelets having a thickness or diameter of less than 100 nm.

30. A battery comprising a plurality of coiled alkali metal batteries of claim 1 connected internally in series.

31. A battery comprising a plurality of coiled alkali metal batteries of claim 1 connected internally in parallel.

32. A method for producing the rolled alkali metal cell of claim 1, the method comprising:

(a) preparing an anode roll by winding or winding a layer of a solid or porous supported substrate coated or impregnated with an anode active material, an optional conductive additive, and an optional binder;

(b) preparing a cathode roll by winding or winding a layer of a solid or porous supported substrate coated or impregnated with a cathode active material, an optional conductive additive, and an optional binder;

(c) arranging and packaging the anode roll, the cathode roll, and the alkali metal ion-conducting separator layer between the anode roll and the cathode roll in a manner such that the anode roll width and/or the cathode roll width direction is substantially perpendicular to the separator plane to form a battery assembly; and is

(d) Impregnating an electrolyte into the battery component before or after inserting the battery component into a protective case to form the wound alkali metal battery.

33. A method for producing the rolled alkali metal cell of claim 1, the method comprising: (a) preparing an anode comprising an anode active material, an optional conductive additive, and an optional binder; (b) preparing a cathode roll by winding or winding a layer of a solid or porous supported substrate coated or impregnated with a cathode active material, an optional conductive additive, and an optional binder; (c) arranging and packaging the anode, the cathode roll, and the alkali metal ion-conducting separator layer between the anode and the cathode roll in such a manner that the cathode roll width direction is substantially perpendicular to the separator plane to form a battery assembly; and (d) impregnating an electrolyte into the cell assembly before or after inserting the cell assembly into a protective casing to form the wound alkali metal battery.

34. A method for producing the rolled alkali metal cell of claim 1, the method comprising: (a) preparing an anode roll by winding or winding a layer of a porous supported substrate impregnated with an anode active material, an optional conductive additive, and a first electrolyte; (b) preparing a cathode roll by winding or winding a layer of a porous supported substrate impregnated with a cathode active material, an optional conductive additive, and a second electrolyte; (c) arranging the anode roll, the cathode roll, and the alkali metal ion-conducting separator between the anode roll and the cathode roll together to form a battery assembly in a manner such that the anode roll width and/or the cathode roll width direction is substantially perpendicular to the separator plane; and (d) sealing the battery assembly in a protective case to form the wound battery.

35. A wound alkali metal battery, wherein the alkali metal is selected from Li, Na, K, or a combination thereof; the battery includes: an anode having an anode active material, a cathode, and a separator-electrolyte layer in ionic contact with the anode and the cathode, the separator-electrolyte layer comprising a first electrolyte alone or a first electrolyte-porous separator assembly, wherein the cathode contains a laminate wound cathode roll of: (i) at least one discrete layer of the cathode active material and optionally binder dispersed in a liquid or gel electrolyte, (ii) at least one discrete layer of conductive material, and optionally (iii) at least one layer of a second electrolyte, wherein the laminate wound cathode roll has a cathode roll length, a cathode roll width, and a cathode roll thickness and the cathode roll width is substantially perpendicular to the separator-electrolyte layer, and wherein the composition of the first electrolyte, the liquid or gel electrolyte, and the optional second electrolyte are the same or different.

36. The rolled alkali metal cell of claim 35 further comprising an anode current collector and/or anode tab connected to or integral with the anode and a cathode current collector and/or cathode tab connected to or integral with the cathode.

37. The rolled alkali metal cell of claim 35 further comprising a housing enclosing the anode, the cathode, the separator, and the electrolyte therein to form a sealed cell.

38. The coiled alkali metal cell of claim 35, wherein the anode comprises a laminate wound anode roll of: (i) at least one discrete layer of the anode active material and optionally binder dispersed in a liquid or gel electrolyte, (ii) at least one discrete layer of conductive material, and optionally, (iii) at least one layer of a third electrolyte, wherein the laminate wound anode roll has an anode roll length, an anode roll width, and an anode roll thickness and the anode roll width is substantially perpendicular to the separator-electrolyte layer, and wherein the composition of the first electrolyte, the liquid or gel electrolyte, and the third electrolyte are the same or different.

39. The wound alkali metal battery of claim 35, wherein the alkali metal battery is a lithium metal battery, a sodium metal battery, or a potassium metal battery and the anode contains a foil of Li, Na, or K metal optionally connected to an anode current collector.

40. The rolled alkali metal cell of claim 35 wherein the alkali metal cell is a lithium metal cell, a sodium metal cell or a potassium metal cell and the anode comprises a foil or coating of Li, Na or K metal supported by or coated on a solid or porous supported substrate.

41. The coiled alkali metal battery of claim 35, wherein the alkali metal battery is a lithium ion battery and the anode active material is selected from the group consisting of:

(g) particles of natural graphite, artificial graphite, mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), needle coke, carbon particles, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers;

(h) silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), titanium (Ti), iron (Fe), and cadmium (Cd);

(i) alloys or intermetallic compounds of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Zn, Al or Cd with other elements, wherein the alloys or compounds are stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric;

(j) oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides, phosphides, selenides, and tellurides of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Zn, Al, Fe, Ni, Co, Ti, Mn, or Cd, and mixtures or composites thereof;

(k) a prelithiated version thereof;

(l) Pre-lithiated graphene sheets; and

combinations thereof.

42. The wound alkali metal battery of claim 35, wherein the alkali metal battery is a sodium ion battery and the anode active material comprises an alkali intercalation compound selected from: petroleum coke, carbon black, amorphous carbon, activated carbon, hard carbon, soft carbon, template carbon, hollow carbon nanowire, hollow carbon sphere, titanate, NaTi₂(PO₄)₃、Na₂Ti₃O₇、Na₂C₈H₄O₄、Na₂TP、Na_xTiO₂(x ═ 0.2 to 1.0), Na₂C₈H₄O₄Materials based on carboxylic acid salts, C₈H₄Na₂O₄、C₈H₆O₄、C₈H₅NaO₄、C₈Na₂F₄O₄、C₁₀H₂Na₄O₈、C₁₄H₄O₆、C₁₄H₄Na₄O₈Or a combination thereof.

43. The wound alkali metal battery of claim 35, wherein the alkali metal battery is a sodium ion battery and the anode active material comprises an alkali intercalation compound selected from the group of materials consisting of:

(f) sodium or potassium doped silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), and mixtures thereof;

(g) sodium or potassium containing alloys or intermetallics of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Zn, Al, Ti, Co, Ni, Mn, Cd, and mixtures thereof;

(h) sodium-or potassium-containing oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides, phosphides, selenides, tellurides, or antimonides of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Zn, Al, Fe, Ti, Co, Ni, Mn, Cd, and mixtures or composites thereof;

(i) sodium or potassium salts; and

(j) graphene sheets pre-loaded with sodium or potassium.

44. The wound alkali metal battery of claim 35, wherein the cathode active material comprises a lithium intercalation compound or a lithium-absorbing compound selected from the group consisting of: lithium cobalt oxide, doped lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, doped lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, doped lithium manganese oxide, lithium vanadium oxide, doped lithium vanadium oxide, lithium mixed metal oxide, lithium iron phosphate, lithium vanadium phosphate, lithium manganese phosphate, lithium mixed metal phosphate, metal sulfide, metal fluoride, metal chloride, and combinations thereof.

45. The coiled alkali metal battery of claim 35, wherein the cathode active material comprises a metal selected from the group consisting ofA sodium intercalation compound or a potassium intercalation compound selected from: NaFePO₄、Na_(1-x)K_xPO₄、KFePO₄、Na_0.7FePO₄、Na_1.5VOPO₄F_0.5、Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃、Na₃V₂(PO₄)₂F₃、Na₂FePO₄F、NaFeF₃、NaVPO₄F、KVPO₄F、Na₃V₂(PO₄)₂F₃、Na_1.5VOPO₄F_0.5、Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃、NaV₆O₁₅、Na_xVO₂、Na_0.33V₂O₅、Na_xCoO₂、Na_2/3[Ni_1/3Mn_2/3]O₂、Na_x(Fe_{1/ 2}Mn_1/2)O₂、Na_xMnO₂、λ-MnO₂、Na_xK_(1-x)MnO₂、Na_0.44MnO₂、Na_0.44MnO₂/C、Na₄Mn₉O₁₈、NaFe₂Mn(PO₄)₃、Na₂Ti₃O₇、Ni_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂、Cu_0.56Ni_0.44HCF、NiHCF、Na_xMnO₂、NaCrO₂、KCrO₂、Na₃Ti₂(PO₄)₃、NiCo₂O₄、Ni₃S₂/FeS₂、Sb₂O₄、Na₄Fe(CN)₆/C、NaV_1-xCr_xPO₄F、Se_zS_yY/z is 0.01 to 100, Se, sodium polysulfide, sulfur, phosphomanalite, or a combination thereof, wherein x is from 0.1 to 1.0.

46. The rolled alkali metal cell of claim 35 wherein the first electrolyte, the second electrolyte, or the third electrolyte contains a lithium or sodium salt dissolved in a liquid solvent and/or a polymer, and wherein the liquid solvent is water, an organic solvent, an ionic liquid, or a mixture of an organic solvent and an ionic liquid.

47. The coiled alkali metal battery of claim 35, wherein the first electrolyte, the second electrolyte, or the third electrolyte comprises a polymer having a molecular weight of from 10^-8S/cm to 10^-2A solid electrolyte or quasi-solid electrolyte of lithium ion or sodium ion conductivity of S/cm.

48. The rolled alkali metal cell of claim 38 wherein the wound anode roll of anode active material has a width of not less than 500 μ ι η, the anode active material having a width of not less than 25mg/cm²And/or at least 25% by weight or by volume of the entire battery cell, and/or the cathode active material has a mass loading in the cathode of not less than 20mg/cm for organic or polymeric material²Or not less than 40mg/cm for inorganic and non-polymeric materials²And/or at least 40% by weight or by volume of the entire battery cell.

49. The rolled alkali metal cell of claim 38, wherein the wound anode roll of anode active material has a width of not less than 1000 μ ι η or 1mm and/or the anode active material has a width of not less than 30mg/cm²And/or at least 30% by weight or by volume of the entire battery cell, and/or the cathode active material has a mass loading in the cathode of not less than 25mg/cm for organic or polymeric material²Or not less than 50mg/cm for inorganic and non-polymeric materials²And/or at least 50% by weight or by volume of the entire battery cell.

50. The rolled alkali metal cell of claim 38, wherein the wound anode roll of anode active material has a width of not less than 5mm, and/orThe anode active material has a concentration of not less than 35mg/cm²And/or at least 35% by weight or by volume of the entire battery cell, and/or the cathode active material has a mass loading in the cathode of not less than 30mg/cm for organic or polymeric material²Or not less than 55mg/cm for inorganic and non-polymeric materials²And/or at least 55% by weight or by volume of the entire battery cell.

51. The rolled alkali metal cell of claim 35 wherein the discrete layer of conductive material in the cathode comprises a solid metal foil or a conductive porous layer selected from: a metal foam, a metal mesh or gauze, a perforated metal sheet-based structure, a metal fiber mat, a metal nanowire mat, a conductive polymer nanofiber mat, a conductive polymer foam, a conductive polymer-coated fiber foam, a carbon foam, a graphite foam, a carbon aerogel, a carbon xerogel, a graphene foam, a graphene oxide foam, a reduced graphene oxide foam, a carbon fiber foam, a graphite fiber foam, an expanded graphite foam, or a combination thereof.

52. The rolled alkali metal cell of claim 38 wherein the discrete layer of conductive material in the anode comprises a solid metal foil or a conductive porous layer selected from: a metal foam, a metal mesh or gauze, a perforated metal sheet-based structure, a metal fiber mat, a metal nanowire mat, a conductive polymer nanofiber mat, a conductive polymer foam, a conductive polymer-coated fiber foam, a carbon foam, a graphite foam, a carbon aerogel, a carbon xerogel, a graphene foam, a graphene oxide foam, a reduced graphene oxide foam, a carbon fiber foam, a graphite fiber foam, an expanded graphite foam, or a combination thereof.

53. The coiled alkali metal cell of claim 41, wherein the pre-lithiated graphene sheets are selected from pre-lithiated versions of pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, boron-doped graphene, nitrogen-doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, physically or chemically activated or etched versions thereof, or combinations thereof.

54. The wound alkali metal battery of claim 35, wherein the cathode active material comprises an alkali metal intercalation compound or an alkali metal absorption compound selected from: inorganic materials, organic or polymeric materials, metal oxide/phosphate/sulfide, or combinations thereof.

55. The coiled alkali metal battery of claim 54, wherein the metal oxide/phosphate/sulfide is selected from lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium vanadium oxide, lithium mixed metal oxide, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese phosphate, lithium vanadium phosphate, lithium mixed metal phosphate, transition metal sulfide, transition metal fluoride, transition metal chloride, or combinations thereof.

56. The coiled alkali metal battery of claim 54, wherein the inorganic material is selected from sulfur, sulfur compounds, lithium polysulfides, transition metal dichalcogenides, transition metal trichalcogenides, or combinations thereof.

57. The rolled alkali metal cell of claim 54 wherein the inorganic material is selected from TiS₂、TaS₂、MoS₂、NbSe₃、MnO₂、CoO₂Iron oxide, vanadium oxide, or a combination thereof.

58. The wound alkali metal cell of claim 54, wherein the metal oxide/phosphate/sulfide contains a vanadium oxide selected from the group consisting of: VO (vacuum vapor volume)₂、Li_xVO₂、V₂O₅、Li_xV₂O₅、V₃O₈、Li_xV₃O₈、Li_xV₃O₇、V₄O₉、Li_xV₄O₉、V₆O₁₃、Li_xV₆O₁₃Doped forms thereof, derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof, wherein 0.1<x<5。

59. The coiled alkali metal battery of claim 54, wherein the metal oxide/phosphate/sulfide is selected from the group consisting of layered compounds LiMO₂Spinel type compound LiM₂O₄Olivine-type compound LiMPO₄Silicate compound Li₂MSiO₄Lithium iron phosphate Hydroxyphosphorus Compound LiMPO₄F. Borate compound LiMBO₃Or combinations thereof, wherein M is a transition metal or a mixture of transition metals.

60. The rolled alkali metal cell of claim 54 wherein the inorganic material is selected from the group consisting of: (a) bismuth selenide or bismuth telluride, (b) a di-or tri-chalcogenide of a transition metal, (c) a sulfide, selenide, or telluride of niobium, zirconium, molybdenum, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, titanium, cobalt, manganese, iron, nickel, or a transition metal; (d) boron nitride, or (e) a combination thereof.

61. The coiled alkali metal battery of claim 54, wherein the organic or polymeric material is selected from poly (anthraquinone sulfide) (PAQS), lithium oxycarbide, 3,4,9, 10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), poly (anthraquinone sulfide), pyrene 4,5,9, 10-tetraone (PYT), polymer-bonded PYT, quinone (triazene), redox active organic material, Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), Tetracyanoethylene (TCNE), 2,3,6,7,10, 11-Hexamethoxytriphenylene (HMTP), poly (5-amino-1, 4-dihydroxyanthraquinone) (PADAQ), phosphazene disulfide polymer ([ (NPS)₂)₃]n), lithiated 1,4,5, 8-naphthalenetetraol formaldehyde polymers, Hexaazatrinaphthalene (HATN), hexaazatrinexanenitrile (HAT (CN)₆) 5-benzylidenehydantoin, isatin lithium salt, pyromellitic diimide lithium salt, tetrahydroxy-p-benzoquinone derivative (THQLi)₄) N, N ' -diphenyl-2, 3,5, 6-tetraone piperazine (PHP), N ' -diallyl-2, 3,5, 6-tetraone piperazine (AP), N ' -dipropyl-2, 3,5, 6-tetraone piperazine (PRP), thioether polymers, quinone compounds, 1, 4-benzoquinone, 5,7,12, 14-Pentacenetetraone (PT), 5-amino-2, 3-dihydro-1, 4-dihydroxyanthraquinone (ADDAQ), 5-amino-1, 4-dihydroxyanthraquinone (ADAQ), quinoid calixarenes, Li₄C₆O₆、Li₂C₆O₆、Li₆C₆O₆Or a combination thereof.

62. The coiled alkali metal cell of claim 61, wherein the thioether polymer is selected from poly [ methanetrinitrobenzylnitroamine-tetra (thiomethylene) ] (PMTTM), poly (2, 4-dithiopentene) (PDTP), a polymer containing poly (ethylene-1, 1,2, 2-tetrathiol) (PETT) as a backbone thioether polymer, a side chain thioether polymer having a backbone composed of conjugated aromatic moieties and having thioether side chains as side chains, poly (2-phenyl-1, 3-dithiolane) (PPDT), poly (1, 4-bis (1, 3-dithiolane-2-yl) benzene) (PDDTB), poly (tetrahydrobenzodithiophene) (PTHBDT), poly [1,2,4, 5-tetra (propylthio) benzene ] (PTKPTB), or poly [3,4 (ethylenedithio) thiophene ] (PEDTT).

63. The coiled alkali metal battery of claim 54, wherein the organic material comprises a phthalocyanine compound selected from the group consisting of: copper phthalocyanine, zinc phthalocyanine, tin phthalocyanine, iron phthalocyanine, lead phthalocyanine, nickel phthalocyanine, vanadyl phthalocyanine, fluorochrome phthalocyanine, magnesium phthalocyanine, manganese phthalocyanine, dilithium phthalocyanine, aluminum phthalocyanine chloride, cadmium phthalocyanine, chlorogallium phthalocyanine, cobalt phthalocyanine, silver phthalocyanine, metal-free phthalocyanines, chemical derivatives thereof, or combinations thereof.

64. The wound alkali metal battery of claim 35, wherein the cathode active material comprises an alkali metal intercalation compound or an alkali metal absorption compound selected from: an oxide, dichalcogenide, trichalcogenide, sulfide, selenide, or telluride of niobium, zirconium, molybdenum, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, titanium, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, manganese, iron, or nickel in the form of nanowires, nanodiscs, nanoribbons, or nanoplatelets having a thickness or diameter of less than 100 nm.

65. A battery comprising a plurality of coiled alkali metal cells of claim 35 connected internally in series.

66. A battery comprising a plurality of coiled alkali metal cells of claim 35 connected internally in parallel.

67. A method of producing the rolled alkali metal cell of claim 38, the method comprising:

a) preparing an anode roll by laminating and rolling or winding together (i) at least one discrete layer of the anode active material and optionally a binder dispersed in a liquid or gel electrolyte, (ii) at least one discrete layer of a conductive material, and (iii) optionally at least one layer of a second electrolyte of the same or different composition as the first electrolyte or the second electrolyte;

b) preparing a cathode roll by laminating and rolling or winding together (i) at least one discrete layer of the cathode active material and optionally a binder dispersed in a liquid or gel electrolyte, (ii) at least one discrete layer of a conductive material, and (iii) optionally at least one layer of a second electrolyte of the same or different composition as the first electrolyte or the third electrolyte; and is

c) Aligning and packaging the anode roll, the cathode roll, and a separator-electrolyte layer disposed between the anode roll and the cathode roll in a manner such that the anode roll width and/or the cathode roll width direction is substantially perpendicular to the separator/electrolyte layer to form a battery assembly; and is

d) Optionally, electrolyte is impregnated into the cell assembly before or after the cell assembly is inserted into a protective casing to form the coiled alkali metal cell.

68. A method of producing the rolled alkali metal cell of claim 38, the method comprising:

A) preparing an anode roll by laminating and winding or winding at least one discrete layer of the anode active material and at least one discrete layer of a conductive material;

B) preparing a cathode roll by laminating and winding or winding at least one discrete layer of the cathode active material and optionally a binder and at least one discrete layer of a conductive material;

C) aligning and packaging the anode roll, the cathode roll, and a separator-electrolyte layer comprising a porous separator or a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the anode roll and the cathode roll in a manner such that the anode roll width and/or the cathode roll width direction is substantially perpendicular to the separator/electrolyte layer to form a battery assembly; and is

D) Optionally, electrolyte is impregnated into the cell assembly before or after the cell assembly is inserted into a protective casing to form the coiled alkali metal cell.

69. A method of producing the rolled alkali metal cell of claim 35, the method comprising: (a) preparing an anode comprising an anode active material, an optional conductive additive, and an optional binder; (b) preparing a cathode roll by laminating and winding or winding at least one discrete layer of the cathode active material and optionally a binder, at least one discrete layer of a conductive material, and at least one layer of the second electrolyte having the same or different composition as the first electrolyte or the third electrolyte; (c) arranging and packaging the anode, the cathode roll, and the separator-electrolyte layer between the anode and the cathode roll in such a manner that the cathode roll width direction is substantially perpendicular to the separator-electrolyte layer to form a battery assembly; and (d) impregnating the first electrolyte into the battery assembly before or after inserting the battery assembly into a protective casing to form the coiled alkali metal battery.

70. A method of producing the rolled alkali metal cell of claim 35, the method comprising: (a) preparing an anode comprising an anode active material, an optional conductive additive, and an optional binder; (b) preparing a cathode roll by laminating and winding or winding at least one discrete layer of the cathode active material and optionally a binder and at least one discrete layer of a conductive material; (c) aligning and packaging the anode, the cathode roll, and the separator-electrolyte layer between the anode and cathode rolls in such a manner that the cathode roll width direction is substantially perpendicular to the separator plane to form a battery assembly; and (d) impregnating the first electrolyte into the battery assembly before or after inserting the battery assembly into a protective casing to form the coiled alkali metal battery.