阅读说明：本技术 包含经处理的蚕豆蛋白浓缩物的食料 (Foodstuff comprising treated fava bean protein concentrate ) 是由 布兰登·罗亚 埃尔汉·伊尔迪兹 纳古尔·纳古列斯沃兰 迪莱克·乌祖纳里奥格鲁 加南·奥泽尔 于 2018-03-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本说明书公开了经热湿气处理的蚕豆蛋白浓缩物以及所述浓缩物在食料中的用途,包括例如乳液、糖食抹酱和冰淇淋,所述经热湿气处理的蚕豆蛋白浓缩物具有约50％至约73％的蛋白质,约0.1重量％至约8重量％的淀粉,以及约0.1％至约9％的脂肪。(The present specification discloses hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrates having from about 50% to about 73% protein, from about 0.1% to about 8% starch, and from about 0.1% to about 9% fat, and the use of the concentrates in foodstuffs, including, for example, emulsions, confectionery spreads, and ice creams.)

1. A foodstuff comprising a hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate having from 50% to 73% protein, an enthalpy of denaturation of 5.5J/g and 7.0J/g, or from 6J/g to 6.5J/g, and a second edible ingredient.

2. The foodstuff according to claim 1, wherein said hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate has a surface mean diameter of about 5 to 20 microns, and a volume mean diameter of about 20 to 100 microns.

3. The foodstuff according to claims 1 and 2, wherein said hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate has a denaturation enthalpy that is 10% to 30% less than that of untreated fava bean protein concentrate.

4. A foodstuff according to any preceding claim, wherein the hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate has a surface mean diameter that is at least 1.5 times the surface mean diameter of the particles of untreated fava bean protein concentrate.

5. A foodstuff according to any preceding claim, wherein the hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate has a volume mean diameter that is at least 3 times the volume mean diameter of the particles of untreated fava bean protein concentrate.

6. A foodstuff according to any preceding claim, wherein the hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate has a peak denaturation temperature of from 85 ℃ to 88.5 ℃.

7. A foodstuff according to any preceding claim, wherein the hot moisture treated faba bean protein is capable of being characterised by the following test: at pH 3, the interfacial elasticity of 40 μ L of soybean oil droplets within a 0.1% w/v solution of the concentrate is 20 to 30mN/m, or 21 to 25mN/m, or 22 to 24mN/m, as measured by interfacial tension and interfacial rheology protocols within a frequency range of 0.01 to 0.2 Hz.

8. A foodstuff according to any preceding claim, wherein the hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate can be characterised by the following test: the test emulsions having the formulations of table 3 and mixed for 2 minutes at 30Hz and stored at 20 ℃ to 30 ℃ had viscosities of 19,000cP to 22,500cP after one week of storage.

9. A foodstuff according to any preceding claim comprising said hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate in an amount of up to 50% of the composition.

10. A foodstuff according to any preceding claim, wherein the concentrated hot moisture treated faba bean protein is used as an emulsifier.

11. The foodstuff according to any of the preceding claims, said foodstuff comprising an emulsion.

12. The foodstuff according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said emulsion is an oil-in-water emulsion comprising

a) About 15 wt% to about 95 wt% of a continuous phase;

b)1 to 75% by weight of a dispersed phase;

c) from about 0.1% to 25% of an emulsifier;

The emulsifier comprises at least 50% broad bean protein treated with hot moisture.

13. The foodstuff according to claim 12, wherein said hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate is the only emulsifier.

14. The foodstuff according to any one of claims 1 to 10, which is a confectionery spread.

15. The foodstuff according to any one of claim 14, said foodstuff further comprising:

a)10 to 20% by weight of an alkaline broad bean component;

b)15 to 25 wt% of a vegetable oil comprising a solids content of less than 2.5% at 10 ℃, about 5 to 15% at 20 ℃, or a combination thereof;

c) 5% to 15% milk solids; and

d) 20% to 40% of a sweetener;

Wherein the foodstuff has a viscosity of 60Pa.s to 220Pa.s, a peak stress of 300g to 450g, a firmness of 1900g to 2100g, a water activity of 0.15 to 0.20, or a combination thereof, over six cycles.

16. The foodstuff according to claim 15, wherein said composition has no oil separation after storage for 6 weeks at ambient temperature (5 ℃ to 35 ℃).

17. a foodstuff according to any of claims 15 or 16, wherein the oil is palm oil or coconut oil.

18. The composition of claims 14 to 17, wherein the composition has a maximum particle size of less than about 125 microns.

19. A foodstuff according to claims 1 to 10, which is ice cream.

20. A method of making a confectionery spread comprising:

a) Mixing a broad bean component, a vegetable oil and optionally a sweetener;

b) Refining the composition or the broad bean spread for a sufficient time to obtain a particle size distribution represented by a particle size distribution of the sweetener less than 125 microns.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the refining is performed with a roll refiner.

22. The method of claim 20 or 21, further comprising mixing the oil and the broad bean component to produce a first mixture, and then mixing sweetener and milk solids with the first mixture to form a second mixture.

23. A method according to any one of claims 20 to 22, comprising mixing the ingredients; refining the ingredients for a time sufficient to obtain a spread having a maximum particle size within the composition or less than 125 microns, wherein the refining comprises at least 20 times using a single roll refiner, and mixing and stirring the composition or spread at 40 ℃ to 50 ℃ for 20 minutes to 40 minutes.

24. The method of any one of claims 20 to 23, wherein the composition is mixed and stirred at about 43 ℃ for about 30 minutes.

Drawings

FIG. 1a is an SEM image of aggregates within an exemplary hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate;

FIG. 1b is an SEM image of an untreated broad bean protein concentrate;

FIG. 2a is a graph showing the particle size distribution of hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate; and is

FIG. 2b is a graph showing the particle size distribution of untreated broad bean protein concentrate.

In one aspect, the present specification discloses a foodstuff comprising a hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate. In various embodiments, the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate has more protein and less starch than broad bean flour, but less protein and more starch than broad bean protein isolate. In some embodiments, the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate comprises from about 50% to about 73%, or from 55% to about 70%, or from about 60% to about 70%, by weight, of protein. In other embodiments, the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate has up to 25% starch, but more typically from about 0.1% to about 10%, or from 2% to about 8%, or from about or 4% to about 8% starch. In other embodiments, the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate or about 0.1% to 9% by weight, in embodiments 0.1% to 5% fat.

as used in this specification, bean flour (including fava flour) is a ground composition derived from beans (e.g., fava beans) and contains all components of the beans in a weight ratio approximately as found in the unground beans. Like other flours, soy flour contains protein, fiber, starch, fat, ash. Soy flour (including fava bean flour) typically comprises about 10% to about 40% by weight protein and about 40% to about 60% starch.

In various aspects, legume protein concentrates (including fava bean protein concentrates) differ from legume protein isolates and bean flour (both of which may be derived from fava beans) in the relative amounts of protein and other components in the flour or protein isolate. In embodiments, the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate can be derived from broad bean flour using retorting methods known in the art. In one exemplary method, the components of the broad bean flour can be separated by, for example, weight and/or size.

In embodiments, the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate for use in the foodstuff disclosed herein is prepared by a heat and moisture treatment process that gelatinizes at least some of the starch in the concentrate. As used herein, gelatinized starch has been modified to break down the intermolecular structure of starch granules, disrupt the crystallinity of the starch, and cause the starch to lose its birefringence when examined with polarized light.

In an embodiment, the foodstuff comprising the hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate has some aggregated particles and some non-aggregated particles. In embodiments, theThe concentrate has a particle distribution having a volume average diameter or D4, 3](represented by the formula Σ d⁴/∑d³Calculation where d is the diameter of all measured particles in the sample). In embodiments, the concentrate has a particle distribution having a surface average diameter or D [3, 2 ]](represented by the formula Σ d³/∑d²Calculation where d is the diameter of all measured particles in the sample).

In this specification, all percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.

in one or more embodiments, the present specification discloses a foodstuff comprising a hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate prepared by a method using a controlled amount of heat. In embodiments, the method applies controlled temperature and humidity to the fava bean protein concentrate, or controls the basal humidity of the fava bean protein concentrate prior to heating. In one or more embodiments, the method comprises heating the fava bean protein concentrate to a temperature of from 100 ℃ to 180 ℃. In one or more other embodiments, the method comprises heating the fava bean protein concentrate in steam, or by soaking in water. In some embodiments, the method comprises adjusting the moisture of the fava bean protein concentrate to between about 10% and about 50% (dsb) prior to or during heating. Such processes may be carried out using any equipment known in the art that provides sufficient capacity for such processing, particularly those capable of powder processing, humidifying and/or conditioning, mixing, heating and drying. Embodiments of the heat treatment may be carried out as a batch process or a continuous process. In one embodiment, the apparatus is a batch plow mixer. In another embodiment, the apparatus is a continuous solid liquid mixer followed by a continuously heated screw conveyor. In another embodiment, the continuous process uses a tubular film dryer by itself or in combination with a continuous screw to extend and control residence time. Any system used may be pressurized to control the moisture content at a target temperature of 100 ℃ or above 100 ℃.

In one or more embodiments, the foodstuff comprises concentrated, hot moisture treated fava bean protein having denatured protein and gelatinized starch. In some embodiments, the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate comprises aggregated particles comprising denatured protein, and may further comprise starch, fiber, and other components naturally present within the untreated broad bean protein concentrate. Aggregates appear as larger particles than non-aggregated proteins and starches. An embodiment of a hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate comprising aggregated particles is shown in fig. 1a, and can be compared to an untreated broad bean protein concentrate, which is shown in fig. 1 b.

In an embodiment, the foodstuff comprises a hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate having a volume average diameter of particle distribution of greater than 20 microns, or from about 20 microns to about 100 microns, or from 30 microns to 90 microns. In other embodiments, the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate has a volume average diameter that is at least 3 times, or at least 5 times, or from 3 times to 10 times, or from 4 times to 8 times greater than the volume average diameter of the particles of the unmodified hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate. In other embodiments, the foodstuff comprises a hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate having a surface mean diameter of particle distribution of greater than about 5 microns, or about 15 microns, or about 5 microns to about 40 microns, or 5 microns to 20 microns. In other embodiments, the surface average diameter of the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate is at least 1.5 times, or at least 2 times, or from 1.5 times to 5 times, or from about 2 times to 4 times greater than the surface average diameter of the particles of the unmodified broad bean protein concentrate.

Referring now to FIG. 2a, it can be seen by the bimodal particle distribution that some of the components of the exemplary hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate are aggregated and some indicate that all of the proteins in the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate are denatured. By comparing the onset and/or peak denaturation temperatures and/or enthalpies of denaturation in the hot moisture-treated broad bean protein concentrate and the untreated broad bean protein concentrate, the relative amount of denatured protein in the hot moisture-treated broad bean protein concentrate can be measured by differential scanning calorimetry. One disclosed in the specificationIn one or more embodiments, the foodstuff comprises a hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate having an onset denaturation temperature (T) from about 1% to about 5%, or from about 2% to about 4%, or from about 2% to about 3% lower than that of an untreated broad bean protein concentrate_o). In some other embodiments, the foodstuff comprises concentrated hot moisture treated fava bean protein having a peak denaturation temperature (Td) that is from about 1% to about 5% lower, or from about 2% to about 4% lower, or from about 2% to about 3% lower than that of untreated fava bean protein concentrate. In other embodiments, the foodstuff comprises concentrated hot moisture treated fava bean protein having an enthalpy of denaturation (Δ H) that is from about 10% to about 30% less, or from about 15% to about 25% less, or about 20% less than that of an untreated fava bean protein concentrate. In other embodiments, the foodstuff comprises a hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate having an enthalpy of denaturation of the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate of from about 5.5J/g to 7.0J/g or from about 6J/g to about 6.5J/g. In even other embodiments, the foodstuff comprises a hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate having a peak denaturation temperature of 85 ℃ to 88.5 ℃, or 87 ℃ to 88 ℃. In one or more embodiments, the DSC measurements are performed as follows: samples were prepared in high volume stainless DSC pans with approximately 5% (w/v) protein in water. Only reference discs with equal weight of water were prepared. The sample and reference pan were heated with a differential scanning calorimeter at 2 ℃/min from 20 ℃ to 100 ℃.

In another aspect, the present specification discloses a foodstuff using hot moisture treated broad bean protein as an emulsifier or using an emulsion comprising hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate.

in various embodiments, the foodstuff disclosed in the present specification may comprise a hot moisture treated broad bean concentrate and at least one additional edible ingredient, including but not limited to flour, modified or unmodified starch, and derived from any source including: cereal grains (corn, rice, oats, sorghum, millet), roots (tapioca, potato), legumes (including soy flour, concentrates, and isolates, which may be from the same basic legumes as used in the emulsion or from different basic legumes), milk, whey proteins, casein, eggs, egg whites, fruits, gums or other hydrocolloids, sweeteners, stabilizers, meat, and other ingredients commonly used in the food industry.

In some embodiments, the second edible ingredient may be the major ingredient and may be used in an amount of 1% to 90% by weight of the foodstuff. Typically, but not necessarily, starch and flour (including soy flour) will make up no more than 50% by weight of the foodstuff, and will typically be used in amounts in the range of 20% to 40% by weight of the foodstuff.

In one or more embodiments, the foodstuff is or comprises an emulsion. In some embodiments, the foodstuff uses hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate as the primary emulsifier. In other embodiments of the foodstuff, the hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate comprises more than 50% of all emulsifiers used, or more than 75% or more than 90% of all emulsifiers used, or is the only emulsifier used in the emulsion. In other embodiments, the foodstuff does not use animal products as emulsifiers.

In various embodiments, the present specification discloses foodstuffs comprising an emulsion that is an oil-in-water emulsion. In some embodiments, the emulsion comprises hot moisture treated broad bean protein and a continuous phase, the continuous phase being from about 15% to about 95%, or from 15% to 90%, or from 25% to 75%, or from 30% to 60%, or about 50%, by weight of the emulsion. In embodiments, the continuous phase is water or water-based. In some embodiments, the continuous phase may include aqueous liquids typical in emulsions, including vinegar and fruit juices. In embodiments, the pH of the continuous phase is acidic, or has a pH of less than 6.5, or from about 3 to about 6, or from about 4 to about 5. In other embodiments, the emulsion comprises from about 1% to about 75%, or from about 1% to 50%, or from about 10% to about 40%, or about 30%, by weight of the emulsion, of the dispersed phase. In embodiments, the dispersed phase is an oil suitable for use in emulsions, including but not limited to vegetable, nut, seed and fruit oils. In embodiments, the emulsion comprises an emulsifier that is from about 0.1% to about 25%, or from about 0.1% to 5%, or from about 0.5% to about 2.5%, or from about 1% or about 0.75% of the emulsion. In embodiments, the emulsion may comprise other ingredients such as sugars, salts, seasonings, starches and preservatives commonly used in the food industry.

In embodiments, the emulsion is prepared by standard methods: the dry ingredients comprising the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate are typically mixed prior to the addition of the wet ingredients. The aqueous component is typically added and mixed with the dry components until the mixture is homogenized. The oil is added to the aqueous component and mixed to form an emulsion. The emulsion is typically formed in about 0.25 minutes to about 3 minutes. In embodiments, all ingredients are mixed in a standard commercial mixer or homogenizer.

In another aspect, the present specification discloses hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrates that are better emulsifiers and thus improved emulsions compared to the emulsions using hot moisture treated soy flour, hot moisture treated legume concentrates of non-broad beans, untreated soy flour and concentrates, and/or legume protein isolates. In embodiments disclosed in the specification, emulsions using broad bean protein concentrates have higher viscosities and/or smaller dispersed phase droplet sizes than the emulsions prepared using hot moisture treated soy flour, non-broad bean hot moisture treated legume concentrates, untreated soy flour and concentrates, and/or legume protein isolates. In other embodiments, the emulsion prepared using the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate has a viscosity of about 5% to 25%, or about 10% to 20%, or about 20% greater than an emulsion made from the same amount of hot moisture treated bean flour, hot moisture treated bean concentrate of non-broad beans, untreated bean flour and concentrate, and/or bean protein isolate. In various embodiments, the emulsion has a viscosity of 500cP to 50,000cP, 5,000cP to 25,000cP, or about 17,500cP to about 22,500cP, or about 19,000cP to about 22,500cP, or about 22,500 cP. In another embodiment, the emulsion having a pH of about 3 to about 5 has a viscosity of 19,000cP to 22,500cP and an oil loading (soybean oil) of 30% to 50% at 20 ℃ to 25 ℃. In embodiments, the emulsion using the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate is process resistant and experiences little viscosity or emulsion breakdown over time (as measured by the increase in droplet size). In one or more embodiments, the emulsion retains at least 90% of its viscosity after storage for one month at a pH of 3 to 5. In some embodiments, the hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate retains at least 95% of its viscosity after storage for one week at room temperature (20 ℃ to 25 ℃). In other embodiments, an emulsion using a continuous phase of water and vinegar in an 8: 1 ratio is mixed with an emulsifier comprising hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate and an oil, wherein the emulsifier and oil are mixed in a 1: 40 ratio and the emulsion has a total oil loading of about 30%, and wherein the oil is soybean oil. In another other embodiment, the emulsion has a viscosity of about 19,000cps and about 22,500cps after storage for one week at 20 ℃ to 25 ℃.

In embodiments, the emulsion using the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate has a d of less than about 9 microns, or from about 7 microns to about 11 microns, or from about 8 microns to 10 microns, or about 9 microns₁₀Dispersed phase droplet size (10% of droplets smaller). In embodiments, the emulsion using the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate has a d5 of less than about 14 microns, or from about 12 microns to 16 microns, or from about 13 microns to about 15 microns, or about 14 microns₀Or a median droplet size. In embodiments, the emulsion using the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate has a d of less than about 25 microns, or from about 18 microns to about 24 microns, or from about 19 microns to about 23 microns, or about 22 microns₉₀(90% of the droplets are smaller than 25 microns). In embodiments, the emulsion prepared from the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate has a d of 18 microns to about 24 microns, or about 19 microns to about 23 microns, or about 22 microns after storage at room temperature (20 ℃ to 25 ℃) for one week₉₀a droplet. In embodiments, the emulsion using the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate has a median droplet size (d)₅₀) At least 10% less, or at least 15% less, or at least 20% less than the emulsion using hot moisture treated soy flour, hot moisture treated legume concentrate of non-broad beans, untreated soy flour or legume protein concentrate, and/or legume protein isolatePercent, or less than 10 percent to 25 percent, or less than 15 percent to 25 percent. In embodiments, the emulsion prepared from the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate has a d of less than about 17 microns, or less than about 15 microns, or from about 11 microns to about 14 microns₅₀A droplet. In other embodiments, an emulsion using a continuous phase of water and vinegar in an 8: 1 ratio is mixed with an emulsifier comprising hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate and an oil, wherein the emulsifier and oil are mixed in a 1: 40 ratio and the emulsion has a total oil loading of about 30%, and wherein the oil is soybean oil. In another embodiment, the emulsion has a d of less than 25 microns₉₀Droplets and d less than 15 microns₅₀A droplet.

In other embodiments, the emulsion prepared from the hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate has improved interfacial elasticity compared to emulsions prepared using hot moisture treated soy flour, hot moisture treated legume concentrates of non-fava beans, untreated soy flour and concentrates, and/or legume protein isolates. Increased interfacial elasticity measures resistance to strain caused by deformation. Without being bound by theory, emulsions with higher interfacial elasticity are more stable because they are less likely to coalesce. In some embodiments, the present specification discloses emulsions that can be measured by a tensiometer, as shown below:

The solution was prepared by mixing an emulsifier with a buffer solution (pH 3) prepared using sodium phosphate and citric acid to prepare 50mL of a 0.1 w/v% solution. The solution was then mixed using an automatic magnetic stirrer at low-moderate speed (-300 to 700rpm) until the emulsifier was dissolved. Thereafter, the solution was filtered using a 1.0 μm PTFE membrane (Puradisc 25TF, Whatman). Drops of soybean oil (S7381, SigmaAldrich) were subjected to tonicity and rheological measurements in a 0.1 w/v% (emulsifier/buffer) solution (pH 3) using a characteristic analytical tensiometer (PAT-1M, Sinterface technologies, Germany).

The device consists of a J-shaped needle, which is partially immersed in 25-30ml of emulsifier solution contained in a glass cuvette. A drop of soy oil of known volume (40 μ L) was produced at the end of the needle. The shape of the oil droplets (or the bubbles in the water) was recorded as a function of time and the interfacial tension was determined from the shape of the bubbles using the Young-Laplace equation. After a preset time (3h), the tension of the drop reaches quasi-equilibrium and the drop is set to oscillate at different frequencies. This is done by injecting and removing a preset volume of oil as controlled by the software (SINTERFACE characteristic analysis tensiometer PAT-1M ver.1.5.0.726).

In various embodiments, the emulsion has an interfacial elasticity greater than 20mN/m, or greater than 21mN/m, or 20mN/m to 30mN/m, or 21mN/m to 25mN/m, or about 22mN/m to 24mN/m, and/or the hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate dispersed in an aqueous solution at pH 3 can be from a soy oil emulsion having an interfacial elasticity of dispersed phase particles greater than 20mN/m, or greater than 21mN/m, or 20mN/m to 30mN/m, or 21mN/m to 25mN/m, or about 22mN/m to 24 mN/m. In other embodiments, the emulsion and/or the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate dispersed in an aqueous solution at pH 3 may be from a soy oil emulsion having an interfacial elasticity of dispersed phase particles of greater than 20mN/m, or greater than 21mN/m, or from 20mN/m to 30mN/m, or from 21mN/m to 25mN/m, or from about 22mN/m to 24mN/m at 0.01Hz, or 0.02Hz, or 0.25Hz, or 0.033Hz, or 0.05Hz, 0.21Hz, or 0.2 Hz.

In various embodiments, the emulsions using hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrates and foodstuffs using the emulsions include, but are not limited to, friable dressings, sauces, gravies, creamy soups, and creamy desserts. Dairy and dairy-based products such as ice cream, whipped cream (dairy and non-dairy), processed/imitation cheese, yogurt/sour cream dips, cheese dips, coffee whiteners, and including non-dairy substitutes for all of these items; baking and baking related items such as cakes, cookies, bread, muffins, cream fillings, fruit fillings, crusts, donuts; confectionery and confectionery applications such as chocolate, compound chocolate and chewing gum, flavored applications, margarine and spreads; and meat applications such as shaped meats and emulsified meats.

In another aspect, the present specification discloses a food product using hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrateA foodstuff which is a confectionery spread, such as a chocolate spread (within this specification, a confectionery spread may be suitable for spreads having any flavour and is not limited to cooked spreads). In an embodiment, a confectionery spread comprises a hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate and at least one additional ingredient. In other embodiments, the confectionery product may be spread at ambient temperature (5 ℃ to 35 ℃), wherein spreadability means that the foodstuff may be easily spread with a knife or similar implement. Within this specification, spreadability is characterized by the functional and rheological properties of the confectionery spread. In some embodiments, the spreadability of the confectionery spread is characterized by the peak stress required to spread the foodstuff and the viscosity of the spread. Within this specification, a confectionery spread (or other foodstuff) is spreadable if it is characterised by a peak stress of 300g to 450g and a viscosity of 160pa.s to 220 pa.s. Other embodiments of the confectionery spread using hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate have a water activity of 0.15 to 0.20. Within the present description, the viscosity measurement is carried out at 23 ℃ and the shear rate is 1s^-1And measured on a controlled stress rheometer (AR-G2, TA Instruments). In this specification, all peak stress measurements were made at 23 ℃ by a controlled stress rheometer (AR-G2, TA Instruments) at 1s^-1At a shear rate of (c). Within this specification, water activity values were measured using AquaLab dew point water activity meters: the water activity as a ratio is a dimensionless value.

In various embodiments, confectionery spreads using hot moisture treated broad bean concentrate are more stable against oil separation than confectionery spreads prepared using hot moisture treated bean flour, hot moisture treated bean concentrate of non-broad beans, untreated bean flour and concentrate, and/or bean protein isolate. In various embodiments, the stability against oil separation within a confectionery spread is measured by observing the pooling of oil on the surface of the spread over time. In various other embodiments, the confectionery spread comprising the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate has less microbial activity over time than confectionery spreads using hot moisture treated bean flour, hot moisture treated bean concentrates of non-broad beans, untreated bean flour and concentrates, and/or bean protein isolates. In other embodiments, a confectionery spread comprising a hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate has less beany flavor confectionery spreads prepared using hot moisture treated bean flour, hot moisture treated bean concentrates other than broad bean, untreated bean flour and concentrates, and/or bean protein isolates.

In some other embodiments, the confectionery spread further comprises a non-hydrogenated vegetable oil having low solids content and high stability at ambient temperature (5 ℃ to 35 ℃). In one or more embodiments, the confectionery spread further comprises a vegetable oil having a solid fat content of about 0% to about 5%, or less than about 2.5%, or less than about 1%, or no more than 1%, at 20 ℃. In further embodiments, the confectionery spread further comprises an oil having a solid fat content of about 0% to about 20%, or less than about 17.5%, or less than about 15%, or less than about 13%, or no more than 13%, or about 1% to 17.5%, or about 5% to about 15% at 10 ℃. In other embodiments, the confectionery spread further comprises an oil having an average saturated fat content of about 30% to about 50%, or about 35% to about 45%, or about 38% to about 42%, or about 40%. In even further embodiments, the confectionery spread further comprises an oil having a monounsaturated fat content of about 35% to about 55%, or about 40% to about 50%, or about 44% to about 48%, or about 46%. In even other embodiments, the confectionery spread further comprises an oil having a polyunsaturated fat content of about 5% to about 20%, or about 10% to about 15%, or about 12%. (all percentages in this paragraph are by weight of the total oil.)

In some embodiments, the confectionery spread comprising the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate further comprises a third ingredient which is sucrose and/or a flavor, such flavors provided by the following non-limiting examples: extracts, oils, fruit purees, fruit juices, fruit juice concentrates and powders, such flavoring agents include the following non-limiting examples: fruit flavors (e.g., strawberry, cherry, blueberry, peach, apricot, apple, banana, fig), nut flavors (e.g., almond, hazelnut, pistachio, pecan), chocolate, coffee, and/or vanilla. In additional embodiments of the confectionery spread, the flavor is added as a powder and is added in an amount of 1% to 10%, about 5% to about 10%, about 7.5% to about 10%, or about 8% to about 9% by weight of the spread. In other embodiments, the flavoring agent is cocoa powder or black cocoa powder.

In some embodiments, a confectionery spread using a hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate comprises a second protein source. In at least one embodiment, the confectionery spread comprising the hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate and a second protein uses a dairy component to provide the second protein, the dairy selected from the group consisting of milk (whole fat, reduced fat, non-fat, and combinations thereof) and dairy solids (whey, casein, non-fat milk solids, and combinations thereof). In additional embodiments, the dairy component may be added to the confectionery spread in a ratio of about 3: 1 to about 1: 3, about 2: 1 to about 1: 2, or 1: 1 or about 1.6: 1 to about 1.5: 1, or about 1: 1, or about 1.6: 1 (dairy component: hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate).

In another embodiment, the confectionery spread comprising hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate further comprises a sweetener, such as one of the following non-limiting examples: sucrose, allulose, rebaudioside (e.g., rebaudioside M), fructo-oligosaccharides (e.g., nutraflora), and mixtures thereof.

In some embodiments, the confectionery spread using the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate is cocoa flavored. In other embodiments, the present specification discloses a confectionery spread comprising cocoa powder, sucrose, palm oil, non-fat dry milk, hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate and lecithin. In some embodiments, a confectionery spread comprises an oil in an amount of from about 10% to about 30%, from about 15% to about 25%, from about 21.5% to about 23.5%, or from about 22% to about 23%, by weight of the spread. In other embodiments, the confectionery spread comprises a sweetener in an amount from about 25% to about 50%, from about 30% to about 40%, from about 35% to about 40%, or about 39% by weight of the spread. In other embodiments, the confectionery spread comprises the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate in an amount of 10% to 40%, 10% to 20%, 15% to 20%, or about 17.5% by weight of the spread. In some embodiments, the lecithin included in the confectionery spreads described herein can be from any suitable source. In other embodiments, the lecithin is from soy. In other embodiments, lecithin is added to confectionery spreads in amounts of about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.1% to about 0.75%, about 0.25% to about 0.5%, or about 0.4% by weight of the spread. In another embodiment, the confectionery spread comprises about 8.75% cocoa powder, about 39.01% sucrose, about 22.80% palm oil, and about 29.04% hot moisture treated broad bean concentrate. In another embodiment, the confectionery spread comprises about 8.75% cocoa powder, about 39.01% sucrose, about 22.80% palm oil, about 11.21% non-fat dry milk, and about 17.83% hot moisture treated broad bean concentrate or hot moisture treated tonka bean powder. The percentages in this paragraph are weight percentages relative to the weight of the spread.

In another embodiment, a confectionery spread using a hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate further comprises a second hot moisture treated legume protein concentrate (e.g., a hot moisture treated lentil protein concentrate), the fava bean protein concentrate and lentil protein concentrate being mixed in a weight ratio of 3: 1 to 1: 3, 2: 1 to 1: 2, or 1: 1.

In some embodiments, the confectionery spread has a viscosity of about 160pa.s to about 220pa.s, about 175pa.s to about 210pa.s, about 185pa.s to about 205pa.s, or about 190pa.s to about 200 pa.s.

In further embodiments, the confectionery spread has a peak stress of about 300g to about 450g, about 300g to about 320g, about 350g to about 410g, about 380g to 405g, or about 390 g to 402 g.

In other embodiments, the confectionery spread has a firmness of about 1900g to about 2100g, about 1900g to about 1950g, or about 1920g to about 1940 g.

the variance in water activity is also a measure of stability, as a decrease in water activity indicates a loss of water from the spread; when the water flow is lost, the spread becomes less spreadable. As shown in tables 3 and 4 below, the variance in water activity is an important measure of spread stability, but is not sufficient because spreads with different ingredients or amounts of ingredients can have consistent water activity over six cycles, but still exhibit significant oil separation. Water activity was measured using an AquaLab dew point water activity meter. In some embodiments, the confectionery spreads described herein will have a water activity of about 0.10 to about 0.20, about 0.12 to about 0.20, 0.15 to 0.20, and 0.14 to 0.16.

In various embodiments, the confectionery spread comprising concentrated hot moisture treated fava bean protein has a maximum particle size (approximating the particle size of the sweetener in the spread) of less than about 125 microns, or less than about 120 microns, or less than about 115 microns, or less than about 110 microns, or less than about 105 microns. In other embodiments, the confectionery spread comprising the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate comprises a plurality of particles having a distribution of diameters consisting essentially of particles having a diameter of from about 0.1 μm to about 125 μm, or no more than 125 μm.

in other embodiments, the confectionery spreads comprising the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate described herein have less oil separation over time than spreads made from untreated broad bean protein concentrate or hot moisture treated broad bean flour. In some embodiments, the confectionery spreads comprising hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrates described herein do not exhibit oil separation after four, five or six weeks.

In another aspect, the present specification discloses a method for preparing a confectionery spread comprising a hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate. In some embodiments, the confectionery spread is prepared by mixing the oil, hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate, and optional sweetener using conventional mixing equipment such as, for example, a vertical mixer. In another embodiment, a confectionery spread is prepared by mixing the oil, flavor, hot wet-processed fava bean protein concentrate, sweetener, and optionally dairy components using conventional mixing equipment such as, for example, a vertical mixer. In a further embodiment of the method for preparing a confectionery spread, the oil and at least the hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate are mixed together until combined. In other embodiments of the method for preparing a confectionery spread, the oil and at least the hot moisture treated broad bean protein concentrate are mixed for about 1 minute to about 20 minutes, or about 1 minute to about 10 minutes, or about 5 minutes. In yet another embodiment of the method for preparing a confectionery spread, sucrose (or other sweetener) and flavor powder are added to a mixture of oil and hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate. In other embodiments of making a confectionery spread, the ingredients are mixed for about 1 minute to about 20 minutes, or about 1 minute to about 10 minutes, or about 5 minutes. In other embodiments of the method for preparing a confectionery spread, the mixture of all ingredients is further refined in a manner that breaks down the particles and/or polishes the particles in the confectionery spread. In various embodiments of the method for preparing a confectionery spread, the refining is accomplished in one or more steps. In other embodiments of the method for preparing a confectionery spread, the step of refining comprises using a roll refiner comprising one or more rolls. In other embodiments of the method, the confectionery spread is fed onto a roller, or between a set of rollers. In other embodiments of the method, the refining step may further include a mixing and stirring step that cools the composition and/or stirs the composition to help disperse the fat throughout the composition and/or may further polish the particles. In a further embodiment of the method of making a confectionery spread, lecithin is added to the spread prior to mixing and stirring. In other embodiments of the method, the mixing step has less time and lower temperature than is common in chocolate manufacture. In at least one embodiment of the method, the mixing step is from about 20 minutes to about 40 minutes, or from about 25 minutes to about 35 minutes, or about 30 minutes. In at least one or more additional embodiments of the method, the mixing step is at a temperature of about 40 ℃ to 50 ℃, or about 42 ℃ to about 45 ℃, or about 43 ℃ (about 110 ° F). In some embodiments, a method for preparing a confectionery spread includes refining the spread using a plurality of rollers, a roller refiner, and refining the spread a plurality of times by the refiner. In at least one embodiment of the method for preparing a confectionery spread, the roll refiner has from 1 to 5 rolls. In various other embodiments of the method for preparing a confectionery spread, the spread is refined 20 to 40 times on a single roll refiner, or refined 5 to 15 times, or 7 to 12 times, or 9 times on a three roll refiner.

In another aspect, the present specification discloses a foodstuff which is an ice cream comprising a hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate. In various embodiments, the ice cream disclosed is an ice cream. In various other embodiments, the hot moisture treated fava bean protein concentrate is used in ice cream to replace mono-and/or diglycerides. Still other embodiments relate to ice cream comprising concentrated hot moisture treated fava bean protein having an improved melting rate compared to ice cream without the use of an emulsifier. A further embodiment relates to an ice cream comprising a mixture of milk (with any fat percentage) and/or cream (with any fat percentage) and/or non-fat milk solids and/or sweeteners. Another other embodiment relates to a method of making ice cream comprising mixing all the ingredients and homogenizing the mixture, and allowing the mixture to cool, and then further mixing the mixture below freezing temperature to incorporate sufficient air into the mixture.

Reference to 0% means below the measurable limit and is not limited to the absolute absence of the measured species.

Within this specification, reference to grams (g) as a measure of force is to grams force (gf).

The following examples are provided by way of illustration and should not be construed to limit the scope of the invention in any way. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that routine modifications can be made to the methods and materials used in the examples, which methods and materials would still fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Example 1: emulsion stabilizationproperty of (2)

Protocol

Interfacial tension and interfacial rheology protocol: 50ml of an emulsifier solution (0.1 w/v%) dispersed in a buffer solution (pH 3-sodium phosphate and citric acid) was prepared by mixing at low-moderate speed (. about.300-700 rpm) to dissolve the emulsifier. The solution was filtered using a 1.0 μm ptfe membrane (Puradisc 25TF, Whatman). The soybean oil was added to the solution using a shaped needle, which was a partially submerged emulsifier solution. A drop of soy oil of known volume (40 μ L) was produced at the end of the needle. The shape of the oil droplets (or the bubbles in the water) was recorded as a function of time and the interfacial tension was determined from the shape of the bubbles using the Young-Laplace equation. After a preset time (3h), the tension of the drop reaches quasi-equilibrium and the drop is set to oscillate at different frequencies. This is done by injecting and removing a pre-set volume of oil as controlled by the software (SINTERFACE characteristic analytical tensiometer PAT-1M VER.1.5.0.726; Sinterface Technologies; Germany).

Tensiometer measurements are reported in table 2 and show that emulsions using hot moisture treated broad bean concentrated emulsifiers (40 μ L of soybean oil in 0.1% w/v emulsifier/water solution) have increased surface elasticity compared to emulsifier solutions prepared using untreated broad bean protein concentrate or pea protein isolate.

TABLE 1：

Parameter(s)

numbering	Period(s)	Frequency (Hz)	Number of oscillations	Amplitude, (%)
					1	100	0.010	4	10
2	50	0.020	5	10
					3	40	0.025	5	10
4	30	0.033	8	10
					5	20	0.050	10	10
6	10	0.100	10	10
					7	5	0.200	10	10

The results are reported in table 2.

TABLE 2：

Tensiometer measurement