阅读说明：本技术 一种抗坏血酸在活海参贮运过程中保活的应用 (Application of ascorbic acid in keeping alive of live sea cucumber in storage and transportation process ) 是由 杨静峰 周妍 李双 王艳杰 孙景赫 严婷婷 于 2021-09-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种抗坏血酸在活海参贮运过程中保活的应用,属于鲜活水产运输行业。在鲜活海参的运输中,使用5～50mg/L的抗坏血酸溶液于0～12℃环境温度下浸泡海参,能够显著地抑制海参自溶,在0～12℃下运输时间可达5d以上,48h内存活率达100％。本发明公开的方法操作过程简单,成本低廉,安全环保,保鲜效果好,可行性强,能大大提高海参存活率和存活时间,以有水包装形式实现海参长距离、长时间保活运输,提高了海参的经济价值和利用率。(The invention discloses application of ascorbic acid in keeping alive of live sea cucumbers in the storage and transportation process, and belongs to the fresh and live aquatic product transportation industry. In the transportation of fresh and alive sea cucumbers, 5-50 mg/L of ascorbic acid solution is used for soaking the sea cucumbers at the ambient temperature of 0-12 ℃, so that the autolysis of the sea cucumbers can be remarkably inhibited, the transportation time can reach more than 5 days at the temperature of 0-12 ℃, and the survival rate in 48 hours reaches 100%. The method disclosed by the invention is simple in operation process, low in cost, safe, environment-friendly, good in preservation effect and strong in feasibility, can greatly improve the survival rate and survival time of the sea cucumbers, realizes long-distance and long-time keep-alive transportation of the sea cucumbers in a water packaging mode, and improves the economic value and the utilization rate of the sea cucumbers.)

1. The application of the ascorbic acid in keeping alive of the live sea cucumbers in the storage and transportation process is characterized in that the application of the ascorbic acid in keeping alive of the live sea cucumbers in the storage and transportation process comprises the steps of soaking the live sea cucumbers in 5-50 mg/L ascorbic acid solution at the temperature of 0-12 ℃ for storage, placing 1-2 live sea cucumbers in each liter of the ascorbic acid solution, sealing and supplementing air until the volume ratio of seawater to gas is 2:1 or 3: 2.

2. The use of ascorbic acid in the preservation and transportation of live sea cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the live sea cucumbers comprise Liaoshen, red ginseng alaska, Chile sea cucumbers and Stichopus japonicus selenka.

3. A keep-alive application of ascorbic acid in a storage and transportation process of live sea cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the ascorbic acid solution is 5-50 mg/L, and the preparation method of the ascorbic acid solution comprises dissolving ascorbic acid in seawater or artificial seawater.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of transportation of fresh and live aquatic products, and particularly relates to application of ascorbic acid in keeping alive of live sea cucumbers in a storage and transportation process.

Background

Ascorbic acid (also known as vitamin C, a8101) has the formula:

sea cucumber is a precious marine product with very high nutritional and economic value, and this organism is a luxury product for national consumption in east and south east asia. After the sea cucumbers are fished out of water, the sea cucumbers are easy to autolyze due to the influence of environmental factors, such as temperature, salinity, radiation, illumination, physical entity touch and the like. Autolysis is manifested by the phenomenon of skin melting, i.e. white plaques appear on the body wall and ulceration occurs, and finally the whole body melts into a thick paste. This phenomenon has a great influence on the transportation and storage of fresh and alive sea cucumbers, so that it is difficult to transport the fresh and alive sea cucumbers to inland areas. In the initial development stage of the sea cucumber market, the main product of the sea cucumber is fresh sea cucumber, the fresh sea cucumber is directly sold in the local market after being caught, the product form is single, and the sale channel is not smooth. At present, fresh sea cucumbers, dried sea cucumbers, instant sea cucumbers and the like are main sale types of sea cucumbers on the market. The fresh sea cucumber, namely the live sea cucumber, is immediately cooked after being purchased, so that the loss of the nutrient components of the sea cucumber in the processing process can be reduced to the greatest extent, and the fresh and tender mouthfeel of the sea cucumber can be kept. The dried sea cucumbers are generally low in cost, easy to transport and store, capable of keeping the original shape of the sea cucumbers and popular with consumers. However, the dried sea cucumber is hard and bitter, and the sea cucumber needs to be repeatedly steamed and soaked, and a large amount of water-soluble nutrient substances of the sea cucumber are dissolved in water in the process to cause loss. The instant sea cucumber is a product which can be directly eaten after being soaked and steamed, and has the characteristics of large elasticity, small hardness and good tenderness. The instant sea cucumber is a semi-dry product, has high water activity and high protein content, is easy to breed microorganisms in the storage process, and quickly grows and breeds, so that the spoilage is caused, and the storage time of the product is greatly shortened.

With the improvement of modern living standard, consumers tend to buy fresh and alive sea cucumbers with higher nutrient content and better mouthfeel. However, few researches on the live-keeping transportation of the fresh and alive sea cucumbers exist at present, so that the fresh and alive sea cucumbers have a wide market in inland regions. How to prolong the transportation time of the fresh and alive sea cucumbers becomes a key problem of keeping the sea cucumbers fresh and alive and meeting the market demands of the sea cucumbers.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide the application of ascorbic acid in keeping alive a live sea cucumber in the storage and transportation process, which is used for inhibiting the autolysis of the sea cucumber and prolonging the shelf life of the sea cucumber.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme disclosed by the invention comprises the step of applying ascorbic acid (also called vitamin C) to fresh-keeping and alive-keeping transportation of the sea cucumbers to prolong the fresh-keeping and alive-keeping time of living sea cucumbers.

An application of ascorbic acid in keeping alive of live sea cucumbers in the storage and transportation process comprises the steps of soaking the live sea cucumbers in 5-50 mg/L ascorbic acid solution at the temperature of 0-12 ℃ for preservation, placing 1-2 live sea cucumbers in each liter of the ascorbic acid solution, sealing and supplementing air until the volume ratio of seawater to gas is 2:1 or 3: 2.

Preferably, the live sea cucumber comprises Liaoshen, red ginseng alaska, Chile sea cucumber and thelenota ananas.

Preferably, the concentration of the ascorbic acid solution is 5-50 mg/L, and the preparation method of the ascorbic acid solution comprises the steps of dissolving ascorbic acid in seawater or artificial seawater; the step of preparing the artificial seawater comprises the step of dissolving 1kg of seawater crystal in 33L of deionized water, so that the concentration of the seawater crystal is 0.027-0.035 kg/L.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the invention effectively inhibits the autolysis of the sea cucumber, maintains the original form and texture of the fresh sea cucumber, effectively relieves the deterioration and damage of the sea cucumber in the processes of fresh-keeping, storage and transportation, can effectively transport the fresh sea cucumber for 5 days while keeping the form intact and free from autolysis spots, and greatly prolongs the transportation time of the fresh sea cucumber compared with the prior report in Canada that the fresh sea cucumber can be transported for only 2 days (Fischeries Research 174(2016) 298-. Improves the utilization rate of sea cucumber resources and has high popularization and application values.

(2) The method utilizes the ascorbic acid to inhibit the autolysis of the sea cucumber, is healthy and safe from the aspect of edible safety, can be approved by consumers, does not add harmful chemical substances, and has good application prospect. From the economic benefit perspective, the ascorbic acid is low in price, 2000-20000 sea cucumbers can be transported per 100g of ascorbic acid, and the economic benefit is remarkable.

(3) The method has the advantages of simple operation process, safety, environmental protection, good fresh-keeping effect and strong feasibility, can greatly improve the survival rate and survival time of the sea cucumbers, and realizes long-distance and long-time keep-alive transportation of the sea cucumbers in a water packaging mode.

(4) Compared with the prior art, the preservation and keep-alive time of the sea cucumber is greatly prolonged, the transportation time can reach more than 5 days at 0-12 ℃, the memory survival rate in 48 hours reaches 100%, the sea cucumber treated by the method has the same taste and nutrient components as those of the fresh sea cucumber, the operation is simple, the sea cucumber does not need to be graded in size, and the preservation and keep-alive process is simplified.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the total ammonia nitrogen content of ascorbic acid in different doses after 7 days storage;

FIG. 2 is a graph of soluble protein content after storage for 7 days of different doses of ascorbic acid;

FIG. 3 is a graph of sensory scores of different doses of ascorbic acid after 7 days storage;

Detailed Description

The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. The examples of embodiments are intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The reagents and instruments used in the following examples are, unless otherwise specified, conventional products commercially available. The specific techniques or conditions used in the following examples, if not specifically mentioned, are conventional and reference is made to the relevant literature or product specifications in the art. In the quantitative tests in the following examples, five sets of parallel experiments were set up, and the results were averaged.

In the embodiment, the step of preparing the artificial seawater comprises the steps of dissolving 1kg of seawater crystals in 33L of deionized water, so that the concentration of the seawater crystals is 0.027-0.035 kg/L.

Example 1

(1) The implementation process comprises the following steps: fresh sea cucumbers are put into a transport bag filled with artificial seawater prepared from seawater crystal (2 sea cucumbers are put in each 1L of artificial seawater), the concentration of the artificial seawater prepared from seawater crystal is 0.027kg/L, ascorbic acid is added and stirred to be dissolved, the concentration of the ascorbic acid in the artificial seawater is 10mg/L, sealing is carried out, air is supplemented at an air charging port, and the volume ratio of the artificial seawater to the air in a transport system is 2: 1. The sea cucumber is placed in an environment with the temperature of 4 ℃, kept standing in the dark for storage for 7 days, the sea cucumber transportation water quality is taken to detect the pH value, the water salinity, the total ammonia nitrogen content, the soluble protein and the oxygen consumption rate in water, and the sensory evaluation table of live sea cucumber in NY/T1514-2007 green food sea cucumber and products is referred to, and the sensory evaluation of the sea cucumber in the table 1 is formulated.

TABLE 1 Classification evaluation table for external health status of sea cucumber

(2) The implementation results are as follows: after the sea cucumber is stored by adopting the method, the obtained sea cucumber has complete appearance, normal body wall sense and no obvious autolysis phenomenon. The artificial seawater added with the ascorbic acid after the sea cucumber is soaked is clear and transparent, the turbidity phenomenon does not occur, and the pH value is measured to be 5.25, the salinity is measured to be 24.53PPT, the total ammonia nitrogen content is 8.26mg/L, the soluble protein content is 0.410 mu g/mu L, and the oxygen consumption rate is 0.000371 mg/(g.h).

Example 2

(1) The implementation process comprises the following steps: fresh sea cucumbers are put into a transport bag filled with artificial seawater prepared from seawater crystal (2 sea cucumbers are put in each 1L of artificial seawater), the concentration of the artificial seawater prepared from the seawater crystal is 0.035kg/L, ascorbic acid is added and stirred to be dissolved, the concentration of the ascorbic acid in the artificial seawater is 15mg/L, the artificial seawater is sealed, air is supplemented at an air inflation port, and the volume ratio of the artificial seawater to the air in a transport system is 2: 1. The sea cucumber is placed in an environment with the temperature of 8 ℃, kept standing in the dark for storage for 7 days, and the sea cucumber transportation water quality is taken to detect the pH value, the water salinity, the total ammonia nitrogen content, the soluble protein and the oxygen consumption rate in the water and carry out sensory evaluation on the sea cucumber by referring to the table 1.

(2) The implementation results are as follows: after the sea cucumber is stored by adopting the method, the obtained sea cucumber has complete appearance, normal body wall sense and no obvious autolysis phenomenon, the artificial seawater added with the ascorbic acid after the sea cucumber is soaked is clear and transparent, no turbidity phenomenon occurs, and the pH value is measured to be 5.32, the salinity is 24.26PPT, the total ammonia nitrogen content is 7.27mg/L, the soluble protein is 0.496 mug/mug, and the oxygen consumption rate is 0.000378 mg/(g.h).

Example 3

(1) The implementation process comprises the following steps: putting fresh sea cucumbers into a transport bag containing sea water (1 sea cucumber is put in every 1L of sea water), adding ascorbic acid, stirring and dissolving to enable the concentration of the ascorbic acid in the sea water to be 25mg/L, sealing, and supplementing air at an air charging port to enable the volume ratio of the sea water to the air in a transport system to be 3: 2. The sea cucumber is placed in an environment with the temperature of 12 ℃, kept standing in the dark for storage for 7 days, and the sea cucumber transportation water quality is taken to detect the pH value, the water salinity, the total ammonia nitrogen content, the soluble protein and the oxygen consumption rate in the water and carry out sensory evaluation on the sea cucumber by referring to the table 1.

(2) The implementation results are as follows: after the sea cucumber is stored by adopting the method, the obtained sea cucumber has complete appearance, normal body wall sense and no obvious autolysis phenomenon, the seawater added with the ascorbic acid after the sea cucumber is soaked is clear and transparent, no turbidity phenomenon occurs, and the measured pH value is 5.36, the salinity is 24.83PPT, the total ammonia nitrogen content is 6.969mg/L, the soluble protein content is 0.27 mu g/mu L, and the oxygen consumption rate is 0.000334 mg/(g.h). The health status of the sea cucumber stored under the condition is optimal.

Example 4

(1) The implementation process comprises the following steps: fresh sea cucumbers are put into a transport bag filled with seawater (1 sea cucumber is put in every 1L of seawater), ascorbic acid is added and stirred to be dissolved, so that the concentration of the ascorbic acid in the seawater is 50mg/L, sealing is carried out, air is supplemented at an air charging port, and the volume ratio of the seawater to the air in a transport system is 3: 2. The sea cucumber is placed in an environment with the temperature of 10 ℃, kept standing in the dark for storage for 7 days, and the sea cucumber transportation water quality is taken to detect the pH value, the water salinity, the total ammonia nitrogen content, the soluble protein and the oxygen consumption rate in the water and carry out sensory evaluation on the sea cucumber by referring to the table 1.

(2) The implementation results are as follows: after the sea cucumber is stored by adopting the method, the obtained sea cucumber has complete appearance, normal body wall sense and no obvious autolysis phenomenon, the seawater added with the ascorbic acid after the sea cucumber is soaked is clear and transparent, no turbidity phenomenon occurs, and the pH value is measured to be 5.34, the salinity is 24.5PPT, the total ammonia nitrogen content is 20.50mg/L, the soluble protein is 0.77 mu g/mu L, and the oxygen consumption rate is 0.00041 mg/(g.h).

Blank control example 1

In the blank control example, the sea cucumber is not treated by using ascorbic acid solution.

(1) The implementation process comprises the following steps: fresh sea cucumbers are put into a transport bag filled with artificial seawater prepared from seawater crystals (2 sea cucumbers are put in each 1L of artificial seawater), the concentration of the artificial seawater prepared from the seawater crystals is 0.031kg/L, sealing is carried out, and air is supplemented at an air charging port, so that the volume ratio of the artificial seawater to the air in a transport system is 3: 2. The sea cucumber is placed in an environment with the temperature of 4 ℃, kept standing in the dark for storage for 7 days, the sea cucumber transportation water quality is taken to detect the pH value, the water salinity, the total ammonia nitrogen content, the soluble protein and the oxygen consumption rate in the water, and the sea cucumber is subjected to sensory evaluation according to the table 1.

(2) The implementation results are as follows: after the sea cucumber is stored by adopting the method, the obtained sea cucumber is paralyzed and is soft, an obvious autolysis phenomenon appears, the pH value of the sea water after the sea cucumber is soaked is 5.32, the salinity is 24.13PPT, the total ammonia nitrogen content is 8.13mg/L, the soluble protein is 0.44 mu g/mu L, and the oxygen consumption rate is 0.000358 mg/(g.h).

The results show that

In the examples, the salinity required for the growth of the sea cucumber was met for each group, and compared with the blank control, the salinity had no influence on the quality of the sea cucumber under transportation with different ascorbic acid addition amounts. Compared with the blank control example, the ammonia nitrogen content in the seawater after the sea cucumber storage tends to decrease firstly and then increase with the increase of the addition amount of the ascorbic acid, as shown in figure 1, the concentration is remarkably decreased when the concentration is 15-25mg/mL, reaches the lowest value when the concentration is 25mg/mL, and then the ammonia nitrogen content is maximum when the concentration is 50mg/mL with the increase of the addition amount of the ascorbic acid. The ammonia nitrogen stress can be generated on the sea cucumber when the concentration of the ascorbic acid is too high or too low. Compared with the blank control example, the content of the soluble protein in seawater of each group in the example is mostly lower than that of the blank control example. As shown in figure 2, after the live sea cucumbers are treated by ascorbic acid with different concentrations, the content of seawater soluble protein after storage is in a general descending trend within the range of 10-25mg/mL, and the autolysis of the sea cucumber body wall is effectively inhibited. And then, with the increase of the addition amount of the ascorbic acid, the content of soluble protein in the seawater is gradually increased, and at the moment, the body wall tissues of the sea cucumber are decomposed along with the extension of the storage time, so that the substances such as protein in the body wall are dissolved in water. From the appearance, as shown in fig. 3, sensory evaluation is performed on live sea cucumbers treated by ascorbic acid with different concentrations, and compared with a blank control example, sensory scores of the examples are generally in a descending trend along with the increase of the concentrations, but the sea cucumbers show high-level sensory scores when the amount of ascorbic acid is 25mg/mL, so that the autolysis and decomposition of the sea cucumbers can be effectively prevented by the addition of the ascorbic acid of 25mg/mL, and the preservation and the keeping of the sea cucumbers are facilitated.

Meanwhile, the oxygen consumption rate of the sea cucumbers in each group in the embodiment is not obviously increased or even lower than that of the blank control group, which shows that the oxygen consumption rate of the sea cucumbers is stabilized to a certain extent by adding the ascorbic acid into the sea water, and the damage caused by excessive activity of the sea cucumbers can be controlled, so that the survival rate in the later period of transportation is improved.

In conclusion, the method for preserving and keeping alive the sea cucumber by using the ascorbic acid disclosed by the invention can obviously inhibit autolysis of the sea cucumber and ensure the freshness activity of the sea cucumber, when the concentration of the ascorbic acid is 25mg/L, the preservation effect on the live sea cucumber is best, and when the concentration of the ascorbic acid is too high or too low, the freshness of the sea cucumber can not be maintained, but the original shape and texture of the sea cucumber are still kept, and the taste of the sea cucumber treated by the method can be equivalent to that of the fresh sea cucumber, so that the shelf life of the sea cucumber is prolonged, and the commercial value of the sea cucumber is improved.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and all the modifications of the equivalent structure and equivalent flow path, which are made by the content of the present invention in the specification, or the direct or indirect application to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.